9780135381656

Teach effective design techniques to help students put theory into practice.
Written specifically for 32- and 64-bit Intel/Windows platform, Assembly Language for x86 Processors, establishes a complete and fully updated study of assembly language. The text teaches students to write and debug programs at the machine level, using effective design techniques that apply to multiple programming courses through top-down program design demonstration and explanation. This approach simplifies and demystifies concepts that students need to grasp before they can go on to more advanced computer architecture and operating systems courses. Students put theory into practice through writing software at the machine level to create a memorable experience that gives them the confidence to work in any OS/machine-oriented environment.

With the 8th Edition, and for the first time, Assembly Language for x86 Processors moves into the world of interactive electronic textbooks, enabling students to experiment and interact with review questions, code animations, tutorial videos, and multiple-input exercises.

For undergraduate courses in assembly language programming, introductory courses in computer systems, and computer architecture.

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Kip Irvine has written five computer programming textbooks, for Intel Assembly Language, C++, Visual Basic (beginning and advanced), and COBOL. His book Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers has been translated into six languages. His first college degrees (B.M., M.M., and doctorate) were in Music Composition, at University of Hawaii and University of Miami. He began programming computers for music synthesis around 1982 and taught programming at Miami-Dade Community College for 17 years. He earned an M.S. degree in Computer Science from the University of Miami, and he taught computer programming in the School of Computing and Information Sciences at Florida International University for 18 years.

1 Basic Concepts

1.1 Welcome to Assembly Language

1.1.1 Questions You Might Ask

1.1.2 Assembly Language Applications

1.1.3 Section Review

1.2 Virtual Machine Concept

1.2.1 Section Review

1.3 Data Representation

1.3.1 Binary Integers

1.3.2 Binary Addition

1.3.3 Integer Storage Sizes

1.3.4 Hexadecimal Integers

1.3.5 Hexadecimal Addition

1.3.6 Signed Binary Integers

1.3.7 Binary Subtraction

1.3.8 Character Storage

1.3.9 Binary-Coded Decimal

1.3.10 Section Review

1.4 Boolean Expressions

1.4.1 Truth Tables for Boolean Functions

1.4.2 Section Review

1.5 Chapter Summary

1.6 Key Terms

1.7 Review Questions and Exercises

1.7.1 Short Answer

1.7.2 Algorithm Workbench

2 x86 Processor Architecture

2.1 General Concepts

2.1.1 Basic Microcomputer Design

2.1.2 Instruction Execution Cycle

2.1.3 Reading from Memory

2.1.4 Loading and Executing a Program

2.1.5 Section Review

2.2 32-Bit x86 Processors

2.2.1 Modes of Operation

2.2.2 Basic Execution Environment

2.2.3 x86 Memory Management

2.2.4 Section Review

2.3 64-Bit x86-64 Processors

2.3.1 64-Bit Operation Modes

2.3.2 Basic 64-Bit Execution Environment

2.3.3 Section Review

2.4 Components of a Typical x86 Computer

2.4.1 Motherboard

2.4.2 Memory

2.4.3 Section Review

2.5 Input–Output System

2.5.1 Levels of I/O Access

2.5.2 Section Review

2.6 Chapter Summary

2.7 Key Terms

2.8 Review Questions

3 Assembly Language Fundamentals

3.1 Basic Language Elements

3.1.1 First Assembly Language Program

3.1.2 Integer Literals

3.1.3 Constant Integer Expressions

3.1.4 Real Number Literals

3.1.5 Character Literals

3.1.6 String Literals

3.1.7 Reserved Words

3.1.8 Identifiers

3.1.9 Directives

3.1.10 Instructions

3.1.11 Section Review

3.2 Example: Adding and Subtracting Integers

3.2.1 The AddTwo Program

3.2.2 Running and Debugging the AddTwo Program

3.2.3 Program Template

3.2.4 Section Review

3.3 Assembling, Linking, and Running Programs

3.3.1 The Assemble-Link-Execute Cycle

3.3.2 Listing File

3.3.3 Section Review

3.4 Defining Data

3.4.1 Intrinsic Data Types

3.4.2 Data Definition Statement

3.4.3 Adding a Variable to the AddTwo Program

3.4.4 Defining BYTE and SBYTE Data

3.4.5 Defining WORD and SWORD Data

3.4.6 Defining DWORD and SDWORD Data

3.4.7 Defining QWORD Data

3.4.8 Defining Packed BCD (TBYTE) Data

3.4.9 Defining Floating-Point Types

3.4.10 A Program That Adds Variables

3.4.11 Little-Endian Order

3.4.12 Declaring Uninitialized Data

3.4.13 Section Review

3.5 Symbolic Constants

3.5.1 Equal-Sign Directive

3.5.2 Calculating the Sizes of Arrays and Strings

3.5.3 EQU Directive

3.5.4 TEXTEQU Directive

3.5.5 Section Review

3.6 Introducting 64-Bit Programming

3.7 Chapter Summary

3.8 Key Terms

3.8.1 Terms

3.8.2 Instructions, Operators, and Directives

3.9 Review Questions and Exercises

3.9.1 Short Answer

3.9.2 Algorithm Workbench

3.10 Programming Exercises

4 Data Transfers, Addressing, and Arithmetic

4.1 Data Transfer Instructions

4.1.1 Introduction

4.1.2 Operand Types

4.1.3 Direct Memory Operands

4.1.4 MOV Instruction

4.1.5 Zero/Sign Extension of Integers

4.1.6 LAHF and SAHF Instructions

4.1.7 XCHG Instruction

4.1.8 Direct-Offset Operands

4.1.9 Example Program (Moves)

4.1.10 Section Review

4.2 Addition and Subtraction

4.2.1 INC and DEC Instructions

4.2.2 ADD Instruction

4.2.3 SUB Instruction

4.2.4 NEG Instruction

4.2.5 Implementing Arithmetic Expressions

4.2.6 Flags Affected by Addition and Subtraction

4.2.7 Example Program (AddSubTest)

4.2.8 Section Review

4.3 Data-Related Operators and Directives

4.3.1 OFFSET Operator

4.3.2 ALIGN Directive

4.3.3 PTR Operator

4.3.4 TYPE Operator

4.3.5 LENGTHOF Operator

4.3.6 SIZEOF Operator

4.3.7 LABEL Directive

4.3.8 Section Review

4.4 Indirect Addressing

4.4.1 Indirect Operands

4.4.2 Arrays

4.4.3 Indexed Operands

4.4.4 Pointers

4.4.5 Section Review

4.5 JMP and LOOP Instructions

4.5.1 JMP Instruction

4.5.2 LOOP Instruction

4.5.3 Displaying an Array in the Visual Studio Debugger

4.5.4 Summing an Integer Array

4.5.5 Copying a String

4.5.6 Section Review

4.6 64-Bit Programming

4.6.1 MOV Instruction

4.6.2 64-Bit Version of SumArray

4.6.3 Addition and Subtraction

4.6.4 Section Review

4.7 Chapter Summary

4.8 Key Terms

4.8.1 Terms

4.8.2 Instructions, Operators, and Directives

4.9 Review Questions and Exercises

4.9.1 Short Answer

4.9.2 Algorithm Workbench

4.10 Programming Exercises

5 Procedures

5.1 Stack Operations

5.1.1 Runtime Stack (32-bit mode)

5.1.2 PUSH and POP Instructions

5.1.3 Section Review

5.2 Defining and Using Procedures

5.2.1 PROC Directive

5.2.2 CALL and RET Instructions

5.2.3 Nested Procedure Calls

5.2.4 Passing Register Arguments to Procedures

5.2.5 Example: Summing an Integer Array

5.2.6 Saving and Restoring Registers

5.2.7 Section Review

5.3 Linking to an External Library

5.3.1 Background Information

5.3.2 Section Review

5.4 The Irvine32 Library

5.4.1 Motivation for Creating the Library

5.4.2 Overview

5.4.3 Individual Procedure Descriptions

5.4.4 Library Test Programs

5.4.5 Section Review

5.5 64-Bit Assembly Programming

5.5.1 The Irvine64 Library

5.5.2 Calling 64-Bit Subroutines

5.5.3 The x64 Calling Convention

5.5.4 Sample Program that Calls a Procedure

5.5.5 Section Review

5.6 Chapter Summary

5.7 Key Terms

5.7.1 Terms

5.7.2 Instructions, Operators, and Directives

5.8 Review Questions and Exercises

5.8.1 Short Answer

5.8.2 Algorithm Workbench

5.9 Programming Exercises

6 Conditional Processing

6.1 Boolean and Comparison Instructions

6.1.1 The CPU Status Flags

6.1.2 AND Instruction

6.1.3 OR Instruction

6.1.4 Bit-Mapped Sets

6.1.5 XOR Instruction

6.1.6 NOT Instruction

6.1.7 TEST Instruction

6.1.8 CMP Instruction

6.1.9 Setting and Clearing Individual CPU Flags

6.1.10 Boolean Instructions in 64-Bit Mode

6.1.11 Section Review

6.2 Conditional Jumps

6.2.1 Conditional Structures

6.2.2 J cond Instruction

6.2.3 Types of Conditional Jump Instructions

6.2.4 Conditional Jump Applications

6.2.5 Section Review

6.3 Conditional Loop Instructions

6.3.1 LOOPZ and LOOPE Instructions

6.3.2 LOOPNZ and LOOPNE Instructions

6.3.3 Section Review

6.4 Conditional Structures

6.4.1 Block-Structured IF Statements

6.4.2 Compound Expressions

6.4.3 WHILE Loops

6.4.4 Table-Driven Selection

6.45.5 Section Review

6.5 Application: Finite-State Machines

6.5.1 Validating an Input String

6.5.2 Validating a Signed Integer

6.5.3 Section Review

6.6 Conditional Control Flow Directives

6.6.1 Creating IF Statements

6.6.2 Signed and Unsigned Comparisons

6.6.3 Compound Expressions

6.6.4 Creating Loops with .REPEAT and .WHILE

6.7 Chapter Summary

6.8 Key Terms

6.8.1 Terms

6.8.2 Instructions, Operators, and Directives

6.9 Review Questions and Exercises

6.9.1 Short Answer

6.9.2 Algorithm Workbench

6.10 Programming Exercises

6.10.1 Suggestions for Testing Your Code

6.10.2 Exercise Descriptions

7 Integer Arithmetic

7.1 Shift and Rotate Instructions

7.1.1 Logical Shifts and Arithmetic Shifts

7.1.2 SHL Instruction

7.1.3 SHR Instruction

7.1.4 SAL and SAR Instructions

7.1.5 ROL Instruction

7.1.6 ROR Instruction

7.1.7 RCL and RCR Instructions

7.1.8 Signed Overflow

7.1.9 SHLD/SHRD Instructions

7.1.10 Section Review

7.2 Shift and Rotate Applications

7.2.1 Shifting Multiple Doublewords

7.2.2 Binary Multiplication

7.2.3 Displaying Binary Bits

7.2.4 Extracting File Date Fields

7.2.5 Section Review

7.3 Multiplication and Division Instructions

7.3.1 Unsigned Integer Multiplication (MUL)

7.3.2 Signed Integer Multiplication (MUL)

7.3.3 Measuring Program Execution Times

7.3.4 Unsigned Integer Division (DIV)

7.3.5 Signed Integer Division (IDIV)

7.3.6 Implementing Arithmetic Expressions

7.3.7 Section Review

7.4 Extended Addition and Subtraction

7.4.1 ADC Instruction

7.4.2 Extended Addition Example

7.4.3 SBB Instruction

7.4.4 Section Review

7.5 ASCII and Unpacked Decimal Arithmetic

7.5.1 AAA Instruction

7.5.2 AAS Instruction

7.5.3 AAM Instruction

7.5.4 AAD Instruction

7.5.5 Section Review

7.6 Packed Decimal Arithmetic

7.6.1 DAA Instruction

7.6.2 DAS Instruction

7.6.3 Section Review

7.7 Chapter Summary

7.8 Key Terms

7.8.1 Terms

7.8.2 Instructions, Operators, and Directives

7.9 Review Questions and Exercises

7.9.1 Short Answer

7.9.2 Algorithm Workbench

7.10 Programming Exercises

8 Advanced Procedures

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Stack Frames

8.2.1 Stack Parameters

8.2.2 Disadvantages of Register Parameters

8.2.3 Accessing Stack Parameters

8.2.4 32-Bit Calling Conventions

8.2.5 Local Variables

8.2.6 Reference Parameters

8.2.7 LEA Instruction

8.2.8 ENTER and LEAVE Instructions

8.2.9 LOCAL Directive

8.2.10 The Microsoft x64 Calling Convention

8.2.11 Section Review

8.3 Recursion

8.3.1 Recursively Calculating a Sum

8.3.2 Calculating a Factorial

8.3.3 Section Review

8.4 INVOKE, ADDR, PROC, and PROTO

8.4.1 INVOKE Directive

8.4.2 ADDR Operator

8.4.3 PROC Directive

8.4.4 PROTO Directive

8.4.5 Parameter Classifications

8.4.6 Example: Exchanging Two Integers

8.4.7 Debugging Tips

8.4.8 WriteStackFrame Procedure

8.4.9 Section Review

8.5 Creating Multimodule Programs

8.5.1 Hiding and Exporting Procedure Names

8.5.2 Calling External Procedures

8.5.3 Using Variables and Symbols across Module Boundaries

8.5.4 Example: ArraySum Program

8.5.5 Creating the Modules Using Extern

8.5.6 Creating the Modules Using INVOKE and PROTO

8.5.7 Section Review

8.6 Advanced Use of Parameters (Optional Topic)

8.6.1 Stack Affected by the USES Operator

8.6.2 Passing 8-Bit and 16-Bit Arguments on the Stack

8.6.3 Passing 64-Bit Arguments

8.6.4 Non-Doubleword Local Variables

8.7 Java Bytecodes (Optional Topic)

8.7.1 Java Virtual Machine

8.7.2 Instruction Set

8.7.3 Java Disassembly Examples

8.7.4 Example: Conditional Branch

8.8 Chapter Summary

8.9 Key Terms

8.9.1 Terms

8.9.2 Instructions, Operators, and Directives

8.10 Review Questions and Exercises

8.10.1 Short Answer

8.10.2 Algorithm Workbench

8.11 Programming Exercises

9 Strings and Arrays

9.1 Introduction

9.2 String Primitive Instructions

9.2.1 MOVSB, MOVSW, and MOVSD

9.2.2 CMPSB, CMPSW, and CMPSD

9.2.3 SCASB, SCASW, and SCASD

9.2.4 STOSB, STOSW, and STOSD

9.2.5 LODSB, LODSW, and LODSD

9.2.6 Section Review

9.3 Selected String Procedures

9.3.1 Str_compare Procedure

9.3.2 Str_length Procedure

9.3.3 Str_copy Procedure

9.3.4 Str_trim Procedure

9.3.5 Str_ucase Procedure

9.3.6 String Library Demo Program

9.3.7 String Procedures in the Irvine64 Library

9.3.8 Section Review

9.4 Two-Dimensional Arrays

9.4.1 Ordering of Rows and Columns

9.4.2 Base-Index Operands

9.4.3 Base-Index-Displacement Operands

9.4.4 Base-Index Operands in 64-Bit Mode

9.4.5 Section Review

9.5 Searching and Sorting Integer Arrays

9.5.1 Bubble Sort

9.5.2 Binary Search

9.5.3 Section Review

9.6 Java Bytecodes: String Processing (Optional Topic)

9.7 Chapter Summary

9.8 Key Terms and Instructions

9.9 Review Questions and Exercises

9.9.1 Short Answer

9.9.2 Algorithm Workbench

9.10 Programming Exercises

10 Structures and Macros

10.1 Structures

10.1.1 Defining Structures

10.1.2 Declaring Structure Variables

10.1.3 Referencing Structure Variables

10.1.4 Example: Displaying the System Time

10.1.5 Structures Containing Structures

10.1.6 Example: Drunkard’s Walk

10.1.7 Declaring and Using Unions

10.1.8 Section Review

10.2 Macros

10.2.1 Overview

10.2.2 Defining Macros

10.2.3 Invoking Macros

10.2.4 Additional Macro Features

10.2.5 Using the Text’s Macro Library (32-bit mode only)

10.2.6 Example Program: Wrappers

10.2.7 Section Review

10.3 Conditional-Assembly Directives

10.3.1 Checking for Missing Arguments

10.3.2 Default Argument Initializers

10.3.3 Boolean Expressions

10.3.4 IF, ELSE, and ENDIF Directives

10.3.5 The IFIDN and IFIDNI Directives

10.3.6 Example: Summing a Matrix Row

10.3.7 Special Operators

10.3.8 Macro Functions

10.3.9 Section Review

10.4 Defining Repeat Blocks

10.4.1 WHILE Directive

10.4.2 REPEAT Directive

10.4.3 FOR Directive

10.4.4 FORC Directive

10.4.5 Example: Linked List

10.4.6 Section Review

10.5 Chapter Summary

10.6 Key Terms

10.6.1 Terms

10.6.2 Operators and Directives

10.7 Review Questions and Exercises

10.7.1 Short Answer

10.7.2 Algorithm Workbench

10.8 Programming Exercises

11 MS-Windows Programming

11.1 Win32 Console Programming

11.1.1 Background Information

11.1.2 Win32 Console Functions

11.1.3 Displaying a Message Box

11.1.4 Console Input

11.1.5 Console Output

11.1.6 Reading and Writing Files

11.1.7 File I/O in the Irvine32 Library

11.1.8 Testing the File I/O Procedures

11.1.9 Console Window Manipulation

11.1.10 Controlling the Cursor

11.1.11 Controlling the Text Color

11.1.12 Time and Date Functions

11.1.13 Using the 64-Bit Windows API

11.1.14 Section Review

11.2 Writing a Graphical Windows Application

11.2.1 Necessary Structures

11.2.2 The MessageBox Function

11.2.3 The WinMain Procedure

11.2.4 The WinProc Procedure

11.2.5 The ErrorHandler Procedure

11.2.6 Program Listing

11.2.7 Section Review

11.3 Dynamic Memory Allocation

11.3.1 HeapTest Programs

11.3.2 Section Review

11.4 32-bit x86 Memory Management

11.4.1 Linear Addresses

11.4.2 Page Translation

11.4.3 Section Review

11.5 Chapter Summary

11.6 Key Terms

11.7 Review Questions and Exercises

11.7.1 Short Answer

11.7.2 Algorithm Workbench

11.8 Programming Exercises

12 Floating-Point Processing and Instruction Encoding

12.1 Floating-Point Binary Representation

12.1.1 IEEE Binary Floating-Point Representation

12.1.2 The Exponent

12.1.3 Normalized Binary Floating-Point Numbers

12.1.4 Creating the IEEE Representation

12.1.5 Converting Decimal Fractions to Binary Reals

12.1.6 Section Review

12.2 Floating-Point Unit

12.2.1 FPU Register Stack

12.2.2 Rounding

12.2.3 Floating-Point Exceptions

12.2.4 Floating-Point Instruction Set

12.2.5 Arithmetic Instructions

12.2.6 Comparing Floating-Point Values

12.2.7 Reading and Writing Floating-Point Values

12.2.8 Exception Synchronization

12.2.9 Code Examples

12.2.10 Mixed-Mode Arithmetic

12.2.11 Masking and Unmasking Exceptions

12.2.12 Section Review

12.3 x86 Instruction Encoding

12.3.1 Instruction Format

12.3.2 Single-Byte Instructions

12.3.3 Move Immediate to Register

12.3.4 Register-Mode Instructions

12.3.5 Processor Operand-Size Prefix

12.3.6 Memory-Mode Instructions

12.3.7 Section Review

12.4 Chapter Summary

12.5 Key Terms

12.6 Review Questions and Exercises

12.6.1 Short Answer

12.6.2 Algorithm Workbench

12.7 Programming Exercises

13 High-Level Language Interface

13.1 Introduction

13.1.1 General Conventions

13.1.2 .MODEL Directive

13.1.3 Examining Compiler-Generated Code

13.1.4 Section Review

13.2 Inline Assembly Code

13.2.1 __asm Directive in Visual C++

13.2.2 File Encryption Example

13.2.3 Section Review

13.3 Linking 32-Bit Assembly Language Code to C/C++

13.3.1 IndexOf Example

13.3.2 Calling C and C++ Functions

13.3.3 Multiplication Table Example

13.3.4 Section Review

13.4 Chapter Summary

13.5 Key Terms

13.6 Review Questions

13.7 Programming Exercises

14 16-Bit MS-DOS Programming

14.1 MS-DOS and the IBM-PC

14.1.1 Memory Organization

14.1.2 Redirecting Input-Output

14.1.3 Software Interrupts

14.1.4 INT Instruction

14.1.5 Coding for 16-Bit Programs

14.1.6 Section Review

14.2 MS-DOS Function Calls (INT 21h)

14.2.1 Selected Output Functions

14.2.2 Hello World Program Example

14.2.3 Selected Input Functions

14.2.4 Date/Time Functions

14.2.5 Section Review

14.3 Standard MS-DOS File I/O Services

14.3.1 Create or Open File (Ch)

14.3.2 Close File Handle (3Eh)

14.3.3 Move File Pointer (42h)

14.3.4 Get File Creation Date and Time

14.3.5 Selected Library Procedures

14.3.6 Example: Read and Copy a Text File

14.3.7 Reading the MS-DOS Command Tail

14.3.8 Example: Creating a Binary File

14.3.9 Section Review

14.4 Chapter Summary

14.5 Programming Exercises 14.35

15 Disk Fundamentals

15.1 Disk Storage Systems

15.1.1 Tracks, Cylinders, and Sectors

15.1.2 Disk Partitions (Volumes)

15.1.3 Section Review

15.2 File Systems

15.2.1 FAT12

15.2.2 FAT16

15.2.3 FAT32

15.2.4 NTFS

15.2.5 Primary Disk Areas

15.2.6 Section Review

15.3 Disk Directory

15.3.1 MS-DOS Directory Structure

15.3.2 Long Filenames in MS-Windows

15.3.3 File Allocation Table (FAT)

15.3.4 Section Review

15.4 Reading and Writing Disk Sectors

15.4.1 Sector Display Program

15.4.2 Section Review

15.5 System-Level File Functions

15.5.1 Get Disk Free Space (3h)

15.5.2 Create Subdirectory (39h)

15.5.3 Remove Subdirectory (3Ah)

15.5.4 Set Current Directory (3Bh)

15.5.5 Get Current Directory (47h)

15.5.6 Get and Set File Attributes (3h)

15.5.7 Section Review

15.6 Chapter Summary

15.7 Programming Exercises

16 BIOS-Level Programming

16.1 Introduction

16.1.1 BIOS Data Area

16.2 Keyboard Input with INT 16h

16.2.1 How the Keyboard Works

16.2.2 INT 16h Functions

16.2.3 Section Review

16.3 VIDEO Programming with INT 10h

16.3.1 Basic Background

16.3.2 Controlling the Color

16.3.3 INT 10h Video Functions

16.3.4 Library Procedure Examples

16.3.5 Section Review

16.4 Drawing Graphics Using INT 10h

16.4.1 INT 10h Pixel-Related Functions

16.4.2 DrawLine Program

16.4.3 Cartesian Coordinates Program

16.4.4 Converting Cartesian Coordinates to Screen Coordinates

16.4.5 Section Review

16.5 Memory-Mapped Graphics

16.5.1 Mode 13h: X , Colors

16.5.2 Memory-Mapped Graphics Program

16.5.3 Section Review

16.6 Mouse Programming

16.6.1 Mouse INT 33h Functions

16.6.2 Mouse Tracking Program

16.6.3 Section Review

16.7 Chapter Summary

16.8 Programming Exercises

Appendix A MASM Reference

Appendix B The x86 Instruction Set

Appendices C-D are available on the Companion website

Appendix C BIOS and MS-DOS Interrupts D.1

Appendix D Answers to Review Questions (Chapters 14–16) E.1

Index

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Pearson eText for Assembly Language for x86 Processors -- Access Card

Pearson eText for Assembly Language for x86 Processors -- Access Card

0135381657

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials