9780312108021

This brief documentary history includes 38 documents that explore the issue of rights and citizenship in Revolutionary France and the movement that helped define modern notions of civil rights.

LYNN HUNT, Eugen Weber Professor of Modern European History at University of California at Los Angeles, received her B.A. from Carleton College and her M.A. and Ph.D. from Stanford University. She is the author of Revolution and Urban Politics in Provincial France (1978), Politics, Culture, and Class in the French Revolution (1984), and The Family Romance of the French Revolution (1992); she is also the co-author of Telling the Truth About History (1994), co-author of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution (2001, with CD-ROM), editor of The New Cultural History (1989), editor and translator of The French Revolution and Human Rights (1996), and co-editor of Histories: French Constructions of the Past (1995), Beyond the Cultural Turn (1999), and Human Rights and Revolutions (2000). She has been awarded fellowships by the Guggenheim Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She served as president of the American Historical Association in 2002.

Foreword

iii

(2)

Preface

v

PART ONE Introduction: The Revolutionary Origins of Human Rights

1

(32)

PART TWO The Documents

33

(107)

1. Defining Rights before 1789

35

(36)

Natural Law as Defined by the Encyclopedia

35

(3)

Diderot

1. "Natural Law," 1755

35

(3)

Religious Toleration

38

(13)

Voltaire

2. Treatise on Toleration, 1763

38

(2)

3. Edict of Toleration, November 1787

40

(4)

4. Letter from Rabaut Saint Etienne on the Edict of Toleration, December 6, 1787

44

(4)

Zalking Hourwitz

5. Vindication of the Jews, 1789

48

(3)

Antislavery Agitation

51

(9)

Abbe Raynal

6. From the Philosophical and Political History of the Settlements and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies, 1770

51

(4)

Condorcet

7. Reflections on Negro Slavery, 1781

55

(3)

8. Society of the Friends of Blacks, Discourse on the Necessity of Establishing in Paris a Society for...the Abolition of the Slave Trade and of Negro Slavery, 1788

58

(2)

Women Begin to Agitate for Rights

60

(3)

9. "Petition of Women of the Third Estate to the King," January 1, 1789

60

(3)

Categories of Citizenship

63

(8)

Abbe Sieyes

10. What Is the Third Estate?, January 1789

63

(8)

2. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, 1789

71

(9)

Debates about the Declaration of Rights, July and August 1789

71

(6)

11. Marquis de Lafayette, July 11, 1789

71

(2)

12. Duke Mathieu de Montmorency, August 1, 1789

73

(2)

13. Malouet, August 1, 1789

75

(2)

The Declaration

77

(3)

14. "Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen," August 26, 1789

77

(3)

3. Debates over Citizenship and Rights during the Revolution

80

(60)

The Poor and the Propertied

80

(4)

Abbe Sieyes

15. Preliminary to the French Constitution, August 1789

81

(1)

Thouret

16. Report on the Basis of Political Eligibility, September 29, 1789

82

(1)

17. Speech of Robespierre Denouncing the New Conditions of Eligibility, October 22, 1789

83

(1)

Religious Minorities and Questionable Professions

84

(17)

The First Controversies

84

(9)

18. Brunet de Latuque, December 21, 1789

84

(2)

19. Count de Clermont Tonnerre, December 23, 1789

86

(2)

20. Abbe Maury, December 23, 1789

88

(2)

21. Letter from French Actors, December 24, 1789

90

(1)

22. Prince de Broglie, December 24, 1789

91

(2)

The Jewish Question

93

(8)

23. Petition of the Jews of Paris, Alsace, and Lorraine to the National Assembly, January 28, 1790

93

(4)

24. La Fare, Bishop of Nancy, Opinion on the Admissibility of Jews to Full Civil and Political Rights, Spring 1790

97

(2)

25. Admission of Jews to Rights of Citizenship, September 27, 1791

99

(2)

Free Blacks and Slaves

101

(18)

26. The Abolition of Negro Slavery or Means for Ameliorating Their Lot, 1789

101

(2)

27. Motion Made by Vincent Oge the Younger to the Assembly of Colonists, 1789

103

(2)

Abbe Gregoire

28. Memoir in Favor of the People of Color or Mixed-Race of Saint Domingue, 1789

105

(1)

29. Society of the Friends of Blacks, Address to the National Assembly in Favor of the Abolition of the Slave Trade, February 5, 1790

106

(3)

30. Speech of Barnave, March 8, 1790

109

(3)

Kersaint

31. Discussion of Troubles in the Colonies, March 28, 1792

112

(3)

32. Decree of the National Convention of February 4, 1794, Abolishing Slavery in All the Colonies

115

(1)

33. Speech of Chaumette Celebrating the Abolition of Slavery, February 18, 1794

116

(3)

Women

119

(21)

Condorcet

34. "On the Admission of Women to the Rights of Citizenship," July 1790

119

(3)

Etta Palm D'Aelders

35. Discourse on the Injustice of the Laws in Favor of Men, at the Expense of Women, December 30, 1790

122

(2)

Olympe de Gouges

36. The Declaration of the Rights of Woman, September 1791

124

(5)

Prudhomme

37. "On the Influence of the Revolution on Women," February 12, 1791

129

(3)

38. Discussion of Citizenship under the Proposed New Constitution, April 29, 1793

132

(3)

39. Discussion of Women's Political Clubs and Their Suppression, October 29-30, 1793

135

(3)

Chaumette

40. Speech at the General Council of the City Government of Paris Denouncing Women's Political Activism, November 17, 1793

138

(2)

Appendices

140

(7)

Chronology

140

(2)

Questions for Consideration

142

(3)

Selected Bibliography

145

(2)

Index

147

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The French Revolution and Human Rights A Brief Documentary History

The French Revolution and Human Rights A Brief Documentary History

0312108028

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