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Basic Hazardous Waste Management, Third Edition

by: Blackman, Jr.; William C.

Basic Hazardous Waste Management, Third Edition

by: Blackman, Jr.; William C.

ISBN 13:
9781566705332
ISBN 10:
1566705339
Edition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 06/26/2001
Publisher: CRC Press

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Summary

The third edition of Basic Hazardous Waste Management provides a broad overview of hazardous waste management. It covers the roles of science and technology in the standards-setting processes. The author presents updated and expanded materials on environmental issues and impacts, hazardous waste treatment technologies, site assessment, waste minimization, emergency response, new and continuing regulatory and policy statutes, medical/biomedical and infectious waste, underground storage tank, and radioactive waste management. In short, the book has been completely revised to present valuable, timely information for anyone interested in hazardous waste management.

The Hazardous Waste Perspective

(36)

Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(32)

Dawning of the Problem

(1)

Early Hazardous Waste Management

(9)

``Take It Out Back and Dump It''

(1)

``Treatment'' and Other Assorted Techniques

(3)

Numbers and Impacts

(3)

Early Efforts - What Worked/Didn't Work

(1)

Legislation/Litigation

(6)

Political

(1)

Administrative

(1)

Technical

(2)

International Aspects

(4)

Topics for Review or Discussion

(1)

References

(4)

Definition of Hazardous Waste

(14)

Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(11)

The Chemist

(1)

The Life Scientist/Health Professional

(1)

The Environmentalist

(1)

The Legislator/Lawyer/Administrator/Diplomat

(1)

Implementing the RCRA Definition of ``Hazardous Waste''

(1)

Hazardous Waste Characteristics

(2)

Listed Hazardous Wastes

(2)

The ``Mixture'' and ``Derived-From'' Rules

(1)

Hazardous Waste Identification Rule Development

(2)

The ``Contained-In Policy''

(1)

Topics for Review or Discussion

(1)

References

(2)

Pathways, Fates, and Disposition of Hazardous Waste Releases

(18)

Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(13)

Releases of Chemicals to the Environment

(1)

Releases to the Atmosphere

(2)

Releases to Surface Waters

(1)

Releases to Land

(1)

Movement, Fates, and Disposition

(1)

Behavior of Waste Constituents Released to the Atmosphere

(2)

Movement of Hazardous Waste Constituents in Surface Waters

(1)

Pathways of Hazardous Waste Constituents Reaching Groundwater

(4)

Chemical Transformations

(2)

Topics for Review or Discussion

(2)

References

(3)

Toxicology and the Standard-Setting Processes

(20)

Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(16)

Public Health Impacts

(1)

Toxicity Hazard

(4)

Toxic Actions

(1)

Risk Assessment and Standards

(6)

Other Hazards

(2)

Regulatory Application of Health Standards and Criteria

(1)

Technology-Based Standards

(1)

Risk-Based Standards

(1)

RCRA Standards

(1)

Standards Implementing the Land Disposal Restrictions

(1)

Topics for Review or Discussion

(1)

References

(4)

Hazardous Waste Sources/Generators

(18)

Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(14)

The Generator Defined

(1)

The Three Classifications of Generators

(1)

Wastes Generated

(1)

Regulatory Requirements

(2)

EPA ID Number

(1)

Pretransport Regulations

(3)

Accumulation of Waste

(2)

The Manifest

(2)

Biennial Reporting Requirements

101

(1)

Records Retention

101

(1)

Exports and Imports of Hazardous Wastes

102

(1)

Generator Responsibilities for Restricted Waste Management

102

(1)

Generator Requirements

102

(1)

Topics for Review or Discussion

103

(1)

References

104

(1)

Appendix A: Examples of Hazardous Wastes Produced by Basic Industries

105

(1)

Appendix B: DOT Eight-Step Procedure for Preparation of Hazardous Material Shipments

106

(1)

Transportation of Hazardous Wastes

107

(20)

Objectives

107

(1)

Introduction

107

(16)

Modes and Scope of Hazardous Waste Transportation

108

(1)

Highway Shipment of Hazardous Wastes

109

(1)

Railway Shipment of Hazardous Wastes

110

(1)

Accidents/Incidents Involving Hazardous Waste Shipments

111

(3)

Regulatory Structures

114

(1)

Department of Transportation Regulations

114

(1)

Transportation Incidents Involving Hazardous Wastes

115

(1)

RCRA Regulations for Hazardous Waste Transporters

116

(1)

EPA ID Number

117

(1)

The Manifest

117

(1)

Handling Hazardous Waste Discharges

118

(1)

Import/Export Activity

118

(5)

Topics for Review or Discussion

123

(1)

References

124

(3)

Treatment and Disposal Methods and Processes

127

(70)

Objectives

127

(1)

Introduction

127

(65)

Administrative and Nontechnical Requirements

128

(1)

Subpart A -- Facilities That Are Subject to the Regulations

129

(1)

Subpart B -- General Facility Standards

129

(3)

Subpart C -- Preparedness and Prevention

132

(1)

Subpart D -- Contingency Plan and Emergency Procedures

133

(2)

Subpart E -- Manifest System, Record Keeping, and Reporting

135

(1)

General Technical Standards for Interim Status and Permitted Facilities

135

(1)

Part 265, Subpart F -- Groundwater Monitoring

136

(2)

Part 264, Subpart F -- Releases from Solid Waste Management Units

138

(2)

Subpart G -- Closure, Post-Closure

140

(1)

Subpart H -- Financial Requirements

141

(1)

Hazardous Waste Treatment

142

(4)

Activated Carbon Adsorption

146

(1)

Stripping

146

(2)

Neutralization

148

(2)

Precipitation

150

(3)

Stabilization and Solidification

153

(2)

Oxidation and Reduction

155

(1)

Biological Treatment

155

(1)

Subpart Q -- Chemical, Physical, and Biological Treatment

156

(2)

Destruction of Hazardous Wastes by Thermal Processes

158

(4)

Subpart O -- Hazardous Waste Incinerators

162

(3)

Subpart P -- Thermal Treatment of Hazardous waste

165

(1)

Accumulation and Storage of Hazardous Waste

165

(1)

Subpart I -- Containers

166

(3)

Subpart J -- Tanks

169

(4)

Subpart DD -- Storage in Containment Buildings

173

(1)

Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste

173

(1)

Landfills

174

(2)

Subpart N -- Landfills

176

(3)

Surface Impoundments

179

(1)

Subpart K -- Surface Impoundments

180

(2)

Waste Piles

182

(1)

Subpart L -- Waste Piles

183

(1)

Land Treatment

184

(1)

Subpart M -- Land Treatment

184

(1)

Underground Disposal

185

(2)

Subpart R -- Underground Injection

187

(1)

Other Treatment and Disposal Methods

188

(1)

Ocean Dumping

188

(1)

Ocean Incineration

189

(1)

Land Disposal Restrictions

189

(3)

Topics for Review or Discussion

192

(1)

Appendix A: MACT Emission Standards for Hazardous Waste Combustion Units

193

(1)

References

194

(3)

Pollution Prevention, Waste Minimization, Reuse, and Recycling

197

(26)

Objectives

197

(1)

Introduction

197

(20)

Hazardous Waste Minimization Techniques

199

(1)

Source Reduction

199

(2)

Product Changes

201

(1)

Source Control

202

(4)

Hazardous Waste Recycling

206

(1)

Use and Reuse

207

(2)

Reclamation

209

(1)

Multi-Conceptual Approaches

210

(1)

The RCRA Hazardous Waste Minimization Program

210

(2)

RCRA Regulation of Recycling

212

(1)

EPA Implementation of The Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) of 1990

213

(4)

Topics for Review or Discussion

217

(1)

Appendix A: State Agency P2 Linkages and Resources

218

(2)

Appendix B: P2 Information, Concepts, and Linkages

220

(1)

References

221

(2)

RCRA Permits, Compliance, and Enforcement

223

(18)

Objectives

223

(1)

Introduction

223

(16)

Permits to Treat, Store, or Dispose of Hazardous Waste

224

(1)

Facilities Permitted

224

(1)

The Permitting Process

225

(3)

The ``Permit As a Shield''

228

(1)

Closure Plans and Post-Closure Permits

228

(1)

RCRA Permits As a ``Virtual Elimination'' Tool

229

(1)

The Corrective Action Process

229

(2)

Remediation Waste Management Units

231

(1)

Compliance Requirements of RCRA

232

(1)

Self-Monitoring

233

(2)

Inspections

235

(1)

Enforcement of RCRA Regulations

236

(1)

Informal Administrative Actions

236

(1)

Formal Administrative Orders

237

(1)

Civil Actions

237

(1)

Criminal Action

238

(1)

Topics for Review or Discussion

239

(1)

References

239

(2)

Assessment Techniques for Site Remediation

241

(30)

Objectives

241

(1)

Introduction

241

(23)

Identifying Problem Sites and Obtaining Background Information

243

(1)

Purpose

243

(1)

Cultural History

244

(1)

Technical Information

244

(1)

Regulatory History

244

(1)

Background Report

245

(1)

Site Assessment Procedures in the Private Sector

245

(1)

Pre-Phase I

246

(1)

Phase I

246

(1)

Phase II

246

(1)

Standardized Environmental Site Assessments

247

(1)

Environmental Audits

247

(2)

Environmental Management Systems

249

(1)

Compliance Inspections/Investigations by Regulatory Agencies

249

(1)

Purpose

249

(1)

The Inspection Plan

250

(1)

Conduct of the Inspection/Investigation

251

(10)

Site Evaluation

261

(1)

National Priorities List

261

(1)

Hazard Ranking System

262

(1)

Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study

262

(1)

Record of Decision

263

(1)

Negotiations, Enforcement

263

(1)

Topics for Review or Discussion

264

(2)

Appendix A: ASTM Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process (Appendix x2)

266

(1)

References

267

(4)

Site Remedial Technologies, Practices, and Regulations

271

(38)

Objectives

271

(1)

Introduction

271

(31)

Remedial Objectives

273

(1)

Programmatic Objectives

273

(1)

Technical Objectives

273

(2)

On-Site Remedial Techniques

275

(1)

Containment Methods

275

(2)

Extraction Methods

277

(9)

Treatment Methods

286

(6)

Destruction Methods

292

(1)

Off-Site Technologies and Practices

293

(2)

Excavation

295

(3)

Mechanical and Hydraulic Dredging

298

(1)

RCRA and Superfund Remedial Actions

298

(1)

RCRA Corrective Actions

298

(1)

Superfund Remedial Actions

299

(2)

Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model

301

(1)

Brownfields Economic Redevelopment Initiative and Environmental Justice

301

(1)

Topics for Review or Discussion

302

(1)

References

303

(5)

Appendix A: Typical Plants Used in Various Phytoremediation Applications

308

(1)

Medical/Biomedical/Infectious Waste Management

309

(26)

Objectives

309

(1)

Introduction

309

(22)

Definition and Characterization of Medical Waste

312

(1)

Infectious Waste

312

(1)

Medical Waste

312

(2)

Infectious Waste Management

314

(1)

Designation of Infectious Waste

314

(1)

Segregation of Infectious Waste

315

(1)

Packaging of Infectious Waste

315

(1)

Storage of Infectious Waste

316

(3)

Transport of Infectious Waste

319

(1)

Treatment of Infectious Waste

320

(1)

Steam Sterilization

320

(1)

Incineration

321

(2)

Chemical Disinfection

323

(3)

Emerging Treatment Technologies

326

(1)

Disposal of Treated Waste

327

(1)

Contingency Planning

327

(2)

Regulatory and Advisory Considerations

329

(1)

Staff Training

330

(1)

Topics for Review or Discussion

331

(1)

Appendix A: Bloodborne Pathogens Final Standard: Summary of Key Provisions

332

(2)

References

334

(1)

Radioactive Waste Management

335

(40)

Objectives

335

(1)

Introduction

335

(32)

Background

337

(1)

The Nature, Effects, and Measurement of Radioactivity

338

(1)

Radioactivity

338

(1)

Types of Radiation

339

(3)

Measurement of Radioactivity

342

(1)

Human Health Effects of Exposure to Radiation

343

(1)

Radiation Protection

344

(1)

Permissible Dose Concepts and Applications

344

(1)

The ALARA Concept

345

(1)

Pathways of Dispersion and Human Exposure

345

(1)

Physical Protection

346

(1)

Radiological Monitoring Programs

346

(4)

Regulatory Structures

350

(1)

Historical Development of Policies and Statutes

350

(1)

Statutory and Regulatory Framework

351

(1)

Department of Energy Management of Cleanup Programs

352

(1)

High-Level Radioactive Waste Management

352

(1)

HLW Defined and Described

352

(1)

HLW Treatment and Disposal

352

(5)

Transuranic Waste Management

357

(1)

TRU Defined and Described

357

(1)

TRU Disposal

358

(1)

Low-Level Waste Management

359

(1)

LLW Defined and Classified

359

(1)

Treatment and Disposal of LLW

359

(5)

Mixed Waste Management

364

(1)

Mixed Waste Defined and Described

364

(1)

Uranium Mine and Mill Tailings Management

365

(1)

Tailings Defined, Described, and Characterized

365

(1)

Treatment and Control

366

(1)

Topics for Review or Discussion

367

(2)

Appendix A: Commercial and Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Options

369

(2)

References

371

(4)

Underground Storage Tank Management

375

(20)

Objectives

375

(1)

Introduction

375

(17)

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks -- Problems and Causes

376

(1)

Galvanic Corrosion

377

(1)

Faulty Installation

378

(1)

Piping Failures

378

(1)

Spills and Overfills

379

(1)

Compatibility of UST and Contents

379

(1)

Mobility of Leaked Hydrocarbon Fuels

380

(2)

Protection of Tanks and Piping from Corrosion

382

(1)

Protection by Sacrificial Anode

382

(1)

Protection by Impressed Current

382

(1)

Protection by Cladding or Dielectric Coating

383

(1)

Protection of Piping

383

(1)

Detection of Leaks from Underground Storage Tank Systems

384

(1)

Detection of Leaks in Pressurized Underground Piping

385

(1)

Detection of Leaks in Underground Suction Piping

385

(1)

RCRA Subtitle I Regulations and Requirements

386

(1)

Background

386

(1)

Implementation Schedule

386

(1)

Requirements for New Petroleum UST Systems

387

(1)

Requirements for Existing UST Systems

387

(1)

Corrective Action Requirements

388

(1)

Financial Responsibility Requirements

389

(1)

The LUST Trust Fund

390

(1)

Closure of Underground Storage Tank Facilities

390

(1)

Permanent Closure

390

(1)

Exceptions to Permanent Closure

391

(1)

Temporary Closure

391

(1)

Compliance Summary

391

(1)

Compliance Status As of September 30, 1999

391

(1)

Topics for Review or Discussion

392

(1)

References

393

(2)

Hazardous Waste Worker Health and Safety

395

(32)

Objectives

395

(1)

Introduction

395

(24)

Hazards Encountered on Hazardous Waste Sites

397

(1)

Chemical Exposure

397

(1)

Explosion and Fire

398

(1)

Oxygen Deficiency

399

(1)

Ionizing Radiation

399

(1)

Biologic Hazards

400

(1)

Bloodborne Pathogens

400

(1)

Safety Hazards

400

(1)

Electrical Hazards

401

(1)

Heat Stress

401

(1)

Cold Exposure

402

(1)

Noise Hazard

402

(1)

Other Physical Hazards

402

(1)

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response

403

(1)

Background

403

(1)

The HAZWOPER Summarized

404

(1)

Standards Applicable to Clean-up Sites

404

(7)

Standards Applicable to Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Sites

411

(1)

Standards Applicable to Emergency Response Teams

412

(1)

Other Important Topics and Compliance Issues

413

(1)

Respirator Selection Criteria

414

(1)

Applicable Air Contaminant Standards

415

(1)

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders

416

(1)

Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

416

(1)

Chemical Hazard Communication

417

(1)

Workplace Violence

417

(1)

The OSHA Unified Agenda

418

(1)

Appendix A: OSHA Workplace Standards That May Apply to Hazardous Waste Sites

419

(6)

References

425

(2)

Glossary

427

(24)

Index

451

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Basic Hazardous Waste Management, Third Edition

Basic Hazardous Waste Management, Third Edition

9781566705332

1566705339

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Basic Hazardous Waste Management, Third Edition

Basic Hazardous Waste Management, Third Edition

9781566705332

1566705339

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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