9780130929280

Providing a historical framework for understanding how women's studies evolved from women's struggles for access to higher education, this book illustrates the impact that feminist perspectives have made in the academy.Using the disciplines as its organizing principle, the First Edition explores eleven major fields to examine the host of contributions and critiques being made by feminist scholars. This book also probes the emergence of women's studies in the late 1960s as an accomplishment of great historical significance, and presents a vast array of readings by feminist scholars over the past 30 years.For professionals with a career or interest in women's studies, sociology, psychology, history, and/or education.

Preface

vii

PART I Historical Background

1

(106)

WOMEN AND EDUCATION: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

3

(41)

1 "Feminism and the Education of Women"

Florence Howe

5

(11)

2 Educational Reminiscences

Catharine Beecher

16

(3)

3 "Black Women's Education in the South"

Elizabeth L. Ihle

19

(9)

4 "Discussion of the Same Subject [The Intellectual Progress of Colored Women of the U.S. Since the Emancipation]"

Anna Julia Cooper

28

(3)

5 Cultivating the Rosebuds: The Education of Women at the Cherokee Female Seminary, 1851-1909

Devon A. Mihesuah

31

(13)

THE POLITICS OF EDUCATION AND THE BIRTH OF WOMEN'S STUDIES

44

(32)

6 "Mississippi Freedom Schools"

Florence Howe

46

(14)

7 "Ten Point Program"

Black Student Unions

60

(2)

8 "Columbia Liberated"

Columbia Strike Coordinating Committee

62

(11)

9 "The Proper Study of Womankind: On Women's Studies"

Robin Morgan

73

(3)

VISIONS OF WOMEN'S STUDIES

76

(31)

10 "Claiming an Education"

Adrienne Rich

78

(4)

11 Transforming Knowledge

Elizabeth Minnich

82

(13)

12 "Designing an Inclusive Curriculum: Bringing All Women into the Core"

Elizabeth Higginbotham

95

(12)

PART II Women's Studies in Action

107

HISTORY

109

(38)

13 "Women's History"

Joan Scott

110

(11)

14 "Female Slave Resistance: The Economics of Sex"

Darlene Clark Hine

121

(7)

15 "The Female World of Love and Ritual"

Carroll Smith-Rosenberg

128

(19)

SCIENCE

147

(36)

16 "Turning the Tables on Science"

Marilyn Milloy

149

(9)

17 "Feminism and Science"

Evelyn Fox Keller

158

(12)

18 "Calling the Shots? The International Politics of Depo-Provera"

Phillida Bunkle

170

(13)

SOCIOLOGY

183

(51)

19 "Making Gender Visible"

Joan Acker

184

(11)

20 "Living Poor: Family Life Among Single Parent, African-American Women"

Robin L. Jarrett

195

(19)

21 "Night to His Day": The Social Construction of Gender

Judith Lorber

214

(20)

COMMUNICATION

234

(35)

22 "Setting New(s) Agendas: An Introduction"

Cynthia Carter, Gill Branston, and Stuart Allan

236

(9)

23 "The Rhetoric of Women's Liberation: An Oxymoron"

Karlyn Kohrs Campbell

245

(12)

24 "Is the Gaze Male?"

E. Ann Kaplan

257

(12)

ENGLISHILITERARY STUDIES

269

(37)

25 "Infection in the Sentence: The Woman Writer and the Anxiety of Authorship"

Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar

271

(15)

26 "Reflections on Black Women Writers: Revising the Literary Canon"

Nellie McKay

286

(13)

27 "The Politics of Poetics: Or, What Am I, A Critic, Doing in This Text Anyhow?"

Tey Diana Rebolledo

299

(7)

ECONOMICS

306

(38)

28 "The Social Construction of Economics and the Social Construction of Gender"

Marianne A. Ferber and Julie A. Nelson

308

(15)

29 "Whose 'Choice'? 'Flexible' Women Workers in the Tomato Food Chain"

Deborah Barndt

323

(11)

30 "Fallacies of Welfare-to-Work Policies"

Randy Albelda

334

(10)

PHILOSOPHY

344

(29)

31 "Philosophical Methodology and Feminist Methodology: Are They Compatible?"

Susan Sherwin

346

(12)

32 "Feminism and the Environment: An Overview of the Issues"

Karen J. Warren

358

(8)

33 "Surfing the Third Wave: A Dialogue Between Two Third Wave Feminists"

Rita Alfonso & J. Trigilio

366

(7)

ANTHROPOLOGY

373

(37)

34 "Woman the Gatherer: Male Bias in Anthropology"

Sally Slocum

375

(9)

35 "Border Work: Feminist Ethnography and the Dissemination of Literacy"

Deborah Gordon

384

(15)

36 "Indian Suttee: The Ultimate Consummation of Marriage"

Mary Daly

399

(11)

PSYCHOLOGY

410

(33)

37 "Kinde, Kuche, Kirche' As Scientific Law: Psychology Constructs the Female"

Naomi Weisstein

412

(11)

38 "Androgyny and the Psychology of Women"

Hester Eisenstein

423

(9)

39 "From Snapshots to Videotape: New Directions in Research on Gender Differences"

Stephanie Riger

432

(11)

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT STUDIES

443

(32)

40 "Leadership and Gender: Vive la Différence?"

Gary N. Powell

445

(9)

41 "Women in Management: What It Will Take to Attain Truly Equal Opportunity"

Jennifer S. Macleod

454

(11)

42 "Radically Transforming Work for the 21St Century: A Feminist Reconstruction of "Real" Work"

Joyce K. Fletcher

465

(10)

POLITICAL SCIENCE

475

(40)

43 "The Gender Basis of American Social Policy"

Virginia Sapiro

477

(16)

44 "Latina Women and Political Consciousness: La Chispa Que Prende"

Carol Hardy-Fanta

493

(12)

45 "Women's Rights as Human Rights: Toward a Re-Vision of Human Rights"

Charlotte Bunch

505

(10)

CONSIDERATIONS/CRITIQUES OF WOMEN'S STUDIES

515

46 "What's Wrong with Women's Studies?"

Daphne Patai

517

(8)

47 "Is Academic Feminism an Oxymoron?"

Judith Stacey

525

(5)

48 "My Master List for the Millennium"

Jean F. O'Barr

530

(3)

49 "Scholarly Studies of Men: The New Field Is an Essential Complement to Women's Studies"

Harry Brod

533

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This book was born out of a simple, yet ambitious goal: to create text that would introduce undergraduates to Women's Studies. It has been a labor of love. Twenty years ago I took my first undergraduate Women's Studies class at Brandeis University. This class quite literally changed the course of my life. It introduced me to the politics of knowledge, the problem of bias, and the promise of feminism to make things at least better, if not right. Declaring a minor in Women's Studies, I pursued my education with a renewed intellectual vigor that emanated from the dynamism I now saw all around me in the academy. In the academy that I was now operating debates raged, ideas were challenged, theories revised, and new questions asked. This was an intellectual ferment into which that I could sink my teeth, and it was made manifest to me through Women's Studies. The attraction of being part of this ferment led me to graduate school where I studied women's history and began to lend my own voice to the great conversations I had been introduced to as an undergraduate. Twelve years ago I taught my first undergraduate class. It was an Introduction to Women's Studies class, and I was free to shape it in any way I saw fit. As I developed the course, I gave a lot of thought to the question: How can I introduce something as big and complex as Women's Studies in a sixteen-week semester and make it coherent, accessible, and exciting? There seemed so much to cover. I decided that the class had to accomplish two purposes: to place the development of Women's Studies in a historical perspective and to show its impact on the academy. First, I wanted my students to know where Women's Studies had come from--a long struggle for access to and then reform of higher education. This struggle for women's education emanated from the larger struggle for political and legal rights for women. Simply put, there would be no Women's Studies without social movements dedicated to women's equality. In fact, Women's Studies has been described the "academic arm" of feminism. Furthermore, as the first section of this text will show, there would be no movements dedicated to women's equality without other movements for racial and social justice. It is vital to show today's undergraduates how their present experience of the academy has been influenced by the struggles of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Specifically, cultural notions of womanhood, ethnicity, class, and race shaped both access to and the curricular contents of higher education. In other words, the historical factors that help to explain why women and minorities either weren't educated or were educated differently than white males also help to explain what the curriculum looked like in past eras and why its content has been challenged by "outsiders." Placed in this context, the emergence of Women's Studies in the late 1960s is properly recognized as an accomplishment of great historical significance. Historicizing the development of Women's Studies encourages recognition of the rich and varied contributions made by women's movements. Furthermore, this context makes clear the integral connections between Women's Studies and other struggles for inclusion and social justice. It highlights the political nature of education--who has access to it, what it looks like, and what its purposes are--and reminds today's students that these issues still require their attention. The omission of this history does a disservice to our students. It is my hope that beginning this class and this text with this history will provide students with the perspective necessary to both appreciate and think critically about their education. I encourage all students to use their experience with Women's Studies to evaluate what and how they are taught, what purpose their education serves, and how critical perspectives enhance the dynamism and relevance of the academy. Once the historical dim

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Women's Studies in the Academy Origins and Impact

Women's Studies in the Academy Origins and Impact

013092928X

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