Ways of the World, Combined Version (Volumes I & II) A Brief Global History
Ways of the World, Combined Version (Volumes I & II) A Brief Global History
- ISBN 13:
9780312452872
- ISBN 10:
031245287X
- Edition: Combined
- Format: Paperback
- Copyright: 09/03/2008
- Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's
- Newer Edition
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Summary
Ways of the Worldoffers a genuine alternative for world history survey courses. Designed from the beginning as a brief text,Ways of the Worldfocuses on the "big picture" of significant historical developments and is thoroughly global in its thematic and comparative approach. The accessible voice of a single author, with long experience in the classroom and in the world history movement, delivers to students an insightful new synthesis, thought-provoking questions, and chapterending sections that invite reflection on the meaning of world history. Available in full color and in combined and split volumes,Ways of the Worldmakes the whole world teachable.
Author Biography
Read moreROBERT W. STRAYER comes to the writing of this text with wide experience in the world history enterprise. With a Ph.D. in European and African history from the University of Wisconsin, he has taught world history at many levels, beginning with a two-year stint in high school history instruction in Ethiopia with the Peace Corps. Most of his academic career was spent at SUNY College at Brockport, where he taught world history as well as African and Soviet history for three decades and received both the Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching and a similar award for Excellence in Scholarship. In 1998, he was a visiting professor of world history at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. Since moving to California in 2002, he has taught world history at the University of California, Santa Cruz; California State University, Monterey Bay; and Cabrillo College. World history has been the primary intellectual focus of his career, during which he has served as a teacher, scholar, textbook author, consultant, and member of the Executive Committee of the World History Association. Among his publications are works in African history, including Kenya: Focus on Nationalism (1975) and The Making of Mission Communities in East Africa (1978). More recently, he developed a specialty in Soviet history and wrote Why Did the Soviet Union Collapse? (1998) and The Communist Experiment (2007), comparing the experience of the Soviet Union with that of China. He was the senior author of an earlier world history textbook, The Making of the Modern World (1988; 1995), and has co-edited McGraw-Hill’s Explorations in World History series. He has also published in a number of specialized journals, such as the Journal of World History.
Table of Contents
Read moreBrief Table of Contents Prologue: From Cosmic History to Human History Part One: First Things First: Beginnings in History, to 500 B.C.E The Big Picture: Turning Points in Early World History 1. First Peoples: Populating the Planet, to 10,000 B.C.E. 2. First Farmers: The Revolutions of Agriculture, 10,000 B.C.E.–3,000 B.C.E. 3. First Civilizations: Cities, States, and Unequal Societies, 3,500 B.C.E.–500 B.C.E. Part Two: The Classical Era in World History, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E. The Big Picture: After the First Civilizations: What Changed and What Didn't?4. Eurasian Empires, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E. 5. Eurasian Cultural Traditions, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E. 6. Eurasian Social Hierarchies, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E. 7. Classical Era Variations: Africa and the Americas, 500 B.C.E.–1200 C.E. Part Three: An Age of Accelerating Connections, 500–1500 The Big Picture: Defining a Millennium 8. Commerce and Culture, 500–1500 9. East Asian Connections: China and the World, 500–1300 10. The Worlds of European Christendom: Connected and Divided, 500–1300 11. Afro-Eurasian Connections: The Worlds of Islam, 600–1500 12. Pastoral Peoples on the Global Stage: The Mongol Moment, 1200–1500 13. The Worlds of the Fifteenth Century Part Four: The Early Modern World, 1450-1750 The Big Picture: Debating the Character of an Era 14. Empires and Encounters, 1450–1750 15. Global Commerce, 1450–1750 16. Religion and Science, 1450–1750 Part Five: The European Moment in World History, 1750-1914 The Big Picture: European Centrality and the Problem of Eurocentrism 17. Atlantic Revolutions and Their Echoes, 1750–1914 18. Revolutions of Industrialization, 1750–1914 19. Internal Troubles, External Threats: China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan, 1800–1914 20. Colonial Encounters, 1750-1914 Part Six: The Most Recent Century, 1914-2008 The Big Picture: The Twentieth Century: A New Period in World History? 21. The Collapse and Recovery of Europe, 1914–1970s 22. The Rise and Fall of World Communism, 1917–Present 23. Independence and Development in the Global South, 1914–Present 24. Accelerating Global Interaction Since 1945 Notes Index Complete Table of Contents VOLUME 1: To 1500 PrefacePrologue: From Cosmic History to Human History The History of the Universe
Snapshot: A History of the Universe as a Cosmic Calendar The History of a Planet The History of the Human Species…in a Single Paragraph: A Preview Why World History? Comparison, Connection, and Change: The Three Cs of World History PART ONE: FIRST THINGS FIRST: BEGINNINGS IN HISTORY, to 500 B.C.E. The Big Picture: Turning Points in Early World History The Emergence of Humankind The Globalization of Humankind The Revolution of Farming The Turning Point of Civilization Landmarks of Early World History, to 500 B.C.E. Chapter 1 First Peoples: Populating the Planet, to 10,000 B.C.E. Out of Africa to the Ends of the Earth: First Migrations Snapshot: The Long Road to the Global Presence of Humankind Into Eurasia Into Australia Into the Americas Into the Pacific The Ways We Were The First Human Societies Economy and the Environment The Realm of the Spirit Snapshot: The Paleolithic Era in Perspective Settling Down: "The Great Transition" Comparing Paleolithic Societies The San of Southern Africa The Chumash of Southern California Reflections: The Uses of the Paleolithic Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 2 First Farmers: The Revolutions of Agriculture, ca. 10,000 B.C.E. – 3000 B.C.E. The Agricultural Revolution in World History Comparing Agricultural Beginnings Common Patterns Snapshot: Agricultural Breakthroughs Variations The Globalization of Agriculture Snapshot: The History of Maize/Corn Triumph and Resistance The Culture of Agriculture Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture Pastoral Societies Agricultural Village Societies Chiefdoms Reflections: The Legacies of Agriculture Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 3 First Civilizations: Cities, States, and Unequal Societies, 3500 B.C.E. – 500 B.C.E. Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations Introducing the First Civilizations The Question of Origins An Urban Revolution The Erosion of Equality Hierarchies of Class Hierarchies of Gender Patriarchy in Practice The Rise of the State Coercion and Consent Snapshot: Writing in Ancient Civilizations Writing and Accounting The Grandeur of Kings Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt Snapshot: Key Moments in Mesopotamian History Environment and Culture Cities and States Snapshot: Key Moments in Nile Valley Civilizations Interaction and Exchange Reflections: "Civilization:" What’s in a Word? Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study PART TWO: THE CLASSICAL ERA IN WORLD HISTORY, 500 B.C.E. – 500 C.E. The Big Picture: After the First Civilizations: What Changed and What Didn't? Continuities in Civilization Changes in Civilization Snapshot: World Population During the Age of Agricultural Civilization Classical Civilizations Landmarks of the Classical Era, 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. Chapter 4 Eurasian Empires, 500 B.C.E. - 500 C.E. Empires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the Greeks The Persian Empire The Greeks Snapshot: Key Political Moments in Greek Civilization Collision: The Greco-Persian Wars Collision: Alexander and the Hellenistic Era Comparing Empires: Roman and Chinese Rome: From City-State to Empire Snapshot: Key Moments in the History of the Roman Empire China: From Warring States to Empire Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires Snapshot: Key Moments in Early Chinese History The Collapse of Empires Intermittent Empire: The Case of India Reflections: Classical Empires and the Twentieth Century Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 5 Eurasian Cultural Traditions, 500 B.C.E. – 500 C.E. China and the Search for Order Snapshot: Thinkers and Philosophies of the Classical Era The Legalist Answer The Confucian Answer The Daoist Answer Cultural Traditions of Classical India South Asian Religion: From Ritual Sacrifice to Philosophical Speculation The Buddhist Challenge Hinduism as a Religion of Duty and Devotion Moving Toward Monotheism: The Search for God in the Middle East Zoroastrianism Judaism The Cultural Tradition of Classical Greece: The Search for a Rational Order The Greek Way of Knowing The Greek Legacy Snapshot: Reflections on Human Love from Mediterranean Civilization Comparing Jesus and the Buddha The Lives of the Founders Establishing New Religions Creating Institutions Reflections: Religion and Historians Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 6 Eurasian Social Hierarchies, 500 B.C.E. – 500 C.E. Society and the State in Classical China An Elite of Officials The Landlord Class Peasants Merchants Class and Caste in India Caste as Varna Snapshot: Social Life and Duty in Classical India Caste as Jati The Functions of Caste Slavery in the Classical Era: The Case of the Roman Empire Slavery and Civilization Snapshot: Comparing Greco-Roman and American Slavery The Making of a Slave Society Resistance and Rebellion Comparing Patriarchies of the Classical Era A Changing Patriarchy: The Case of China Contrasting Patriarchies in Athens and Sparta Reflections: Arguing with Solomon and Buddha Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 7 Classical Era Variations: Africa and the Americas, 500 B.C.E. – 1200 C.E. Snapshot: Continental Population in the Classical Era The African Northeast Meroe: Continuing a Nile Valley Civilization Axum: The Making of a Christian Kingdom Along the Niger River: Cities Without States South of the Equator: The World of Bantu Africa Cultural Encounters Society and Religion Civilizations of Mesoamerica The Maya: Writing and Warfare Teotihuacan: The Americas’ Greatest City Civilizations of the Andes Chavin: A Pan-Andean Religious Movement Moche: A Regional Andean Civilization North America in the Classical Era: From Chaco to Cahokia Pit Houses and Great Houses: The Ancestral Pueblo The Mound Builders of the Eastern Woodlands Reflections: Deciding What’s Important: Balance in World History Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study PART THREE: AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS, 500–1500 The Big Picture: Defining a Millennium Third Wave Civilizations: Something New, Something Old, Something Blended The Ties that Bind: Trans-Regional Interaction in the Post-Classical Era Landmarks in the Era of Accelerating Connections, 500 to 1500 Chapter 8 Commerce and Culture, 500-1500 Silk Roads: Exchange across Eurasia The Growth of the Silk Roads Goods in Transit Snapshot: Economic Exchange Along the Silk Road Cultures in Transit Disease in Transit Sea Roads: Exchange across the Indian Ocean Weaving the Web of an Indian Ocean World Snapshot: Economic Exchange in the Indian Ocean Basin Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast Asia and Srivijaya Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: East Africa and Swahili Civilization Sand Roads: Exchange across the Sahara Desert Commercial Beginnings in West Africa Gold, Salt, and Slaves: Trade and Empire in West Africa An American Network: Commerce and Connection in the Western Hemisphere Reflections: Economic Globalization — Ancient and Modern Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 9 East Asian Connections: China and the World, 500-1300 C.E. The Re-Emergence of a Unified China A "Golden Age" of Chinese Achievement Women in the Song Dynasty Snapshot: Key Moments in the History of Post-Classical China China and the Northern Nomads: A Chinese World Order in the Making The Tribute System in Theory The Tribute System in Practice Cultural Influence Across an Ecological Frontier Coping with China: Comparing Korea, Vietnam, and Japan Korea and China Vietnam and China Japan and China China and the Eurasian World Economy Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary China and Buddhism Making Buddhism Chinese Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism Reflections: Why Do Things Change? Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 10 The Worlds of European Christendom: Connected and Divided, 500-1300 Eastern Christendom: Building on the Past Snapshot: Key Moments in Byzantine History The Byzantine State The Byzantine Church and Christian Divergence Byzantium and the World The Conversion of Russia Western Christendom: Constructing a Hybrid Civilization Snapshot: Key Moments in the Evolution of Western Civilization In the Wake of Roman Collapse: Political Life in Western Europe, 500-1000 In the Wake of Roman Collapse: Society and the Church, 500-1000 Accelerating Change in the West, 1000-1300 Europe Outward Bound: The Crusading Tradition The West in Comparative Perspective Catching-Up Pluralism in Politics Reason and Faith Reflections: Remembering and Forgetting: Continuity and Surprise in the Worlds of Christendom Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 11 Afro-Eurasian Connections: The Worlds of Islam, 600-1500 The Birth of a New Religion The Homeland of Islam Snapshot: Key Moments in the Early History of Islam The Messenger and the Message The Transformation of Arabia The Making of an Arab Empire War and Conquest Conversion to Islam Divisions in the Islamic World Women and Men in Early Islam Islam and Cultural Encounter: A Four-Way Comparison The Case of India The Case of Anatolia The Case of West Africa The Case of Spain The World of Islam as a New Civilization Networks of Faith Networks of Exchange Snapshot: Key Achievements in Islamic Science and Scholarship Reflections: A Tale of Two Travelers Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 12 Pastoral Peoples on the Global Stage: The Mongol Moment, 1200-1500 Looking Back and Looking Around: The Long History of Pastoral Nomads Snapshot: Varieties of Pastoral Societies The World of Pastoral Societies The Xiongnu: An Early Nomadic Empire The Arabs and Turks The Maasai of East Africa Break-Out: The Mongol Empire Snapshot: Key Events of the Mongol Era From Temujin to Chinggis Khan: The Rise of the Mongol Empire Explaining the Mongol Moment Encountering the Mongols: Comparing Three Cases China and the Mongols Persia and the Mongols Russia and the Mongols The Mongol Empire as a Eurasian Network Toward a World Economy Diplomacy on a Eurasian Scale Cultural Exchange in the Mongol Realm The Plague: A Eurasian Pandemic Reflections: Changing Images of Nomadic Peoples Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 13 The Worlds of the Fifteenth Century Snapshot: Around the World in the Fifteenth Century The Shapes of Human Communities Paleolithic Persistence Agricultural Village Societies Herding Peoples Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe Ming Dynasty China European Comparisons: State-Building and Cultural Renewal European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging Snapshot: Key Moments in European Oceanic Voyaging Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The "Americas" The Aztec Empire The Inca Empire Webs of Connection A Preview of Coming Attractions: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era, 1500-2000 Snapshot: World Population Growth, 1000-2000 Reflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World History Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Notes Index VOLUME 2: From 1500 Preface Prologue: Considering World History Why World History? Comparison, Connection, and Change: The Three Cs of World History Chapter 13 The Worlds of the Fifteenth Century Snapshot: Around the World in the Fifteenth Century The Shapes of Human Communities Paleolithic Persistence Agricultural Village Societies Herding Peoples Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe Ming Dynasty China European Comparisons: State-Building and Cultural Renewal European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging Snapshot: Key Moments in European Oceanic Voyaging Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The "Americas" The Aztec Empire The Inca Empire Webs of Connection A Preview of Coming Attractions: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era, 1500-2000 Snapshot: World Population Growth, 1000-2000 Reflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World History Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study PART FOUR: THE EARLY MODERN WORLD, 1450-1750 The Big Picture: Debating the Character of an Era An Early Modern Era? A Late Agrarian Era? Landmarks of the Early Modern Era, 1450-1750 Chapter 14 Empires and Encounters, 1450-1750 European Empires in the Americas The European Advantage The Great Dying The Columbian Exchange Comparing Colonial Societies in the Americas In the Lands of the Aztecs and Incas Colonies of Sugar Snapshot: Comparing Colonial Societies in Latin America Settler Colonies in North America Steppe Lands and Siberia: The Making of a Russian Empire Experiencing the Russian Empire Russians and Empire Snapshot: Demographics of the Russian Empire Asian Empires Making China an Empire Muslims and Hindus in the Mughal Empire Muslims, Christians, and the Ottoman Empire Reflections: Countering Eurocentrism…or Reflecting It? Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 15 Global Commerce, 1450-1750 Europeans and Asian Commerce A Portuguese Empire of Commerce Snapshot: Key Moments in the European Encounter with Asia Spain and the Philippines The East India Companies Asian Commerce Silver and Global Commerce The "World Hunt": Fur in Global Commerce Commerce in People: The Atlantic Slave Trade The Slave Trade in Context The Slave Trade in Practice Snapshot: The Slave Trade in Numbers Comparing Consequences: The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa Reflections: Economic Globalization — Then and Now Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 16 Religion and Science, 1450-1750 The Globalization of Christianity Western Christendom Fragmented: The Protestant Reformation Snapshot: Catholic/Protestant Differences in the Sixteenth Century Christianity Outward Bound Conversion and Adaptation in Spanish America An Asian Comparison: China and the Jesuits Persistence and Change in Afro-Asian Cultural Traditions Expansion and Renewal in the Islamic World China: New Directions in an Old Tradition India: Bridging the Hindu/Muslim Divide A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science The Question of Origins: Why Europe? Science as Cultural Revolution Snapshot: Major Thinkers and Achievements of the Scientific Revolution Science and Enlightenment Looking Ahead: Science in the Nineteenth Century European Science Beyond the West Reflections: Cultural Borrowing and Its Hazards Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study PART FIVE: THE EUROPEAN MOMENT IN WORLD HISTORY, 1750-1914 The Big Picture: European Centrality and the Problem of Eurocentrism Euro-centric Geography and History Countering Eurocentrism Landmarks of the European Moment in World History, 1750-1914 Chapter 17 Atlantic Revolutions and Their Echoes, 1750-1914 Comparing Atlantic Revolutions Snapshot: Key Moments in the History of Atlantic Revolutions The North American Revolution, 1775-1787 The French Revolution, 1789-1815 The Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804 Spanish American Revolutions, 1810-1826 Echoes of Revolution The Abolition of Slavery Nations and Nationalism Snapshot: Key Moments in the Growth of Nationalism Feminist Beginnings Reflections: Revolutions Pro and Con Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Chapter 18 Revolutions of Industrialization, 1750-1914 Explaining the Industrial Revolution Why Europe? Why Britain? The First Industrial Society Snapshot: Measuring the Industrial Revolution The British Aristocracy The Middle Classes The Laboring Classes Social Protest Among the Laboring Classes Variations on a Theme: Comparing the United States and Russia The United States: Industrialization without Socialism Russia: Industrialization and Revolution The Industrial Revolution and Latin American in the Nineteenth Century Snapshot: The Industrial Revolution and the Global Divide After Independence in Latin America Facing the World Economy Becoming Like Europe? Reflections: History and Horse-races Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Chapter 19 Internal Troubles, External Threats: China, The Ottoman Empire, and Japan, 1800-1914 The External Challenge: European Industry and Empire New Motives, New Means New Perceptions of the "Other" Reversal of Fortunes: China’s Century of Crisis The Crisis Within Western Pressures Snapshot: Chinese/British Trade at Canton, 1835-1836 The Failure of Conservative Modernization The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century "The Sick Man of Europe" Reform Identity Outcomes: Comparing China and the Ottoman Empire The Japanese Difference: The Rise of a New East Asian Power The Tokugawa Background American Intrusion and the Meiji Restoration Modernization Japanese Style Snapshot: Tracking the Rise of Japan in the Nineteenth Century Japan and the World Reflections: Success and Failure in History Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Chapter 20 Colonial Encounters, 1750-1914 A Second Wave of European Conquests Under European Rule Cooperation and Rebellion Colonial Empires with a Difference Ways of Working: Comparing Colonial Economies Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State Economies of Cash-Crop Agriculture: The Pull of the Market Economies of Wage Labor: Working for Europeans Women and the Colonial Economy: An African Case Study Assessing Colonial Development Snapshot: Long Distance Migration in an Age of Empire, 1846-1940 Believing and Belonging: Cultural Change in the Colonial Era Education Religion "Race" and "Tribe" Reflections: Who Makes History? Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study PART SIX: THE MOST RECENT CENTURY, 1914-2008 The Big Picture: The Twentieth Century: A New Period in World History? Old and New in the Twentieth Century Three Regions — One World Landmarks of the Most Recent Century, 1914-2007 Chapter 21 The Collapse and Recovery of Europe, 1914-1970s The First World War: European Civilization in Crisis, 1914-1918 An Accident Waiting to Happen Legacies of the "Great War" Capitalism Unraveling: The Great Depression Snapshot: Comparing the Impact of the Depression Democracy Denied: Comparing Italy, Germany, and Japan The Fascist Alternative in Europe Hitler and the Nazis Japanese Authoritarianism A Second World War The Road to War in Asia The Road to War in Europe Snapshot: Key Moments in the History of World War II World War II: The Outcomes of Global Conflict The Recovery of Europe Reflections: War and Remembrance: Learning from History Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Chapter 22 The Rise and Fall of World Communism, 1917-Present Global Communism Comparing Revolutions as a Path to Communism Russia: Revolution in a Single Year China: A Prolonged Revolutionary Struggle Building Socialism in Two Countries Communist Feminism Socialism in the Countryside Communism and Industrial Development Snapshot: China Under Mao, 1949-1976 The Search for Enemies East Versus West: A Global Divide and a Cold War Military Conflict and the Cold War Nuclear Stand-Off and Third World Rivalry The United States: Superpower of the West, 1945-1975 The Communist World, 1950s-1970s Comparing Paths to the End of Communism China: Abandoning Communism and Maintaining the Party The Soviet Union: The Collapse of Communism and Country Reflections: To Judge or Not to Judge: The Ambiguous Legacy of Communism Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Chapter 23 Independence and Development in the Global South, 1914-Present Toward Freedom: Struggles for Independence The End of Empire in World History Explaining African and Asian Independence Comparing Freedom Struggles The Case of India: Ending British Rule The Case of South Africa: Ending Apartheid Snapshot: Key Moments in South African History Experiments with Freedom Experiments in Political Order: Comparing African Nations and India Experiments in Economic Development: Changing Priorities, Varying Outcomes Snapshot: Economic Development in the Global South by the Early 21st Century Experiments with Culture: The Role of Islam in Turkey and Iran Reflections: History in the Middle of the Stream Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Chapter 24 Accelerating Global Interaction, Since 1945 Global Interaction and the Transformation of the World Economy Re-Globalization Snapshot: Indicators of "Re-Globalization" Disparities and Resistance Globalization and an American Empire The Globalization of Liberation: Comparing Feminist Movements Feminism in the West Feminism in the Global South International Feminism Religion and Global Modernity Fundamentalism on a Global Scale Creating Islamic Societies: Resistance and Renewal in the World of Islam Religious Alternatives to Fundamentalism The World’s Environment and the Globalization of Environmentalism The Global Environment Transformed Snapshot: World Population Growth 1950-2005 Green and Global Final Reflections: Pondering the Uses of History Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Notes Index
Snapshot: A History of the Universe as a Cosmic Calendar The History of a Planet The History of the Human Species…in a Single Paragraph: A Preview Why World History? Comparison, Connection, and Change: The Three Cs of World History PART ONE: FIRST THINGS FIRST: BEGINNINGS IN HISTORY, to 500 B.C.E. The Big Picture: Turning Points in Early World History The Emergence of Humankind The Globalization of Humankind The Revolution of Farming The Turning Point of Civilization Landmarks of Early World History, to 500 B.C.E. Chapter 1 First Peoples: Populating the Planet, to 10,000 B.C.E. Out of Africa to the Ends of the Earth: First Migrations Snapshot: The Long Road to the Global Presence of Humankind Into Eurasia Into Australia Into the Americas Into the Pacific The Ways We Were The First Human Societies Economy and the Environment The Realm of the Spirit Snapshot: The Paleolithic Era in Perspective Settling Down: "The Great Transition" Comparing Paleolithic Societies The San of Southern Africa The Chumash of Southern California Reflections: The Uses of the Paleolithic Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 2 First Farmers: The Revolutions of Agriculture, ca. 10,000 B.C.E. – 3000 B.C.E. The Agricultural Revolution in World History Comparing Agricultural Beginnings Common Patterns Snapshot: Agricultural Breakthroughs Variations The Globalization of Agriculture Snapshot: The History of Maize/Corn Triumph and Resistance The Culture of Agriculture Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture Pastoral Societies Agricultural Village Societies Chiefdoms Reflections: The Legacies of Agriculture Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 3 First Civilizations: Cities, States, and Unequal Societies, 3500 B.C.E. – 500 B.C.E. Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations Introducing the First Civilizations The Question of Origins An Urban Revolution The Erosion of Equality Hierarchies of Class Hierarchies of Gender Patriarchy in Practice The Rise of the State Coercion and Consent Snapshot: Writing in Ancient Civilizations Writing and Accounting The Grandeur of Kings Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt Snapshot: Key Moments in Mesopotamian History Environment and Culture Cities and States Snapshot: Key Moments in Nile Valley Civilizations Interaction and Exchange Reflections: "Civilization:" What’s in a Word? Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study PART TWO: THE CLASSICAL ERA IN WORLD HISTORY, 500 B.C.E. – 500 C.E. The Big Picture: After the First Civilizations: What Changed and What Didn't? Continuities in Civilization Changes in Civilization Snapshot: World Population During the Age of Agricultural Civilization Classical Civilizations Landmarks of the Classical Era, 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. Chapter 4 Eurasian Empires, 500 B.C.E. - 500 C.E. Empires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the Greeks The Persian Empire The Greeks Snapshot: Key Political Moments in Greek Civilization Collision: The Greco-Persian Wars Collision: Alexander and the Hellenistic Era Comparing Empires: Roman and Chinese Rome: From City-State to Empire Snapshot: Key Moments in the History of the Roman Empire China: From Warring States to Empire Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires Snapshot: Key Moments in Early Chinese History The Collapse of Empires Intermittent Empire: The Case of India Reflections: Classical Empires and the Twentieth Century Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 5 Eurasian Cultural Traditions, 500 B.C.E. – 500 C.E. China and the Search for Order Snapshot: Thinkers and Philosophies of the Classical Era The Legalist Answer The Confucian Answer The Daoist Answer Cultural Traditions of Classical India South Asian Religion: From Ritual Sacrifice to Philosophical Speculation The Buddhist Challenge Hinduism as a Religion of Duty and Devotion Moving Toward Monotheism: The Search for God in the Middle East Zoroastrianism Judaism The Cultural Tradition of Classical Greece: The Search for a Rational Order The Greek Way of Knowing The Greek Legacy Snapshot: Reflections on Human Love from Mediterranean Civilization Comparing Jesus and the Buddha The Lives of the Founders Establishing New Religions Creating Institutions Reflections: Religion and Historians Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 6 Eurasian Social Hierarchies, 500 B.C.E. – 500 C.E. Society and the State in Classical China An Elite of Officials The Landlord Class Peasants Merchants Class and Caste in India Caste as Varna Snapshot: Social Life and Duty in Classical India Caste as Jati The Functions of Caste Slavery in the Classical Era: The Case of the Roman Empire Slavery and Civilization Snapshot: Comparing Greco-Roman and American Slavery The Making of a Slave Society Resistance and Rebellion Comparing Patriarchies of the Classical Era A Changing Patriarchy: The Case of China Contrasting Patriarchies in Athens and Sparta Reflections: Arguing with Solomon and Buddha Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 7 Classical Era Variations: Africa and the Americas, 500 B.C.E. – 1200 C.E. Snapshot: Continental Population in the Classical Era The African Northeast Meroe: Continuing a Nile Valley Civilization Axum: The Making of a Christian Kingdom Along the Niger River: Cities Without States South of the Equator: The World of Bantu Africa Cultural Encounters Society and Religion Civilizations of Mesoamerica The Maya: Writing and Warfare Teotihuacan: The Americas’ Greatest City Civilizations of the Andes Chavin: A Pan-Andean Religious Movement Moche: A Regional Andean Civilization North America in the Classical Era: From Chaco to Cahokia Pit Houses and Great Houses: The Ancestral Pueblo The Mound Builders of the Eastern Woodlands Reflections: Deciding What’s Important: Balance in World History Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study PART THREE: AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS, 500–1500 The Big Picture: Defining a Millennium Third Wave Civilizations: Something New, Something Old, Something Blended The Ties that Bind: Trans-Regional Interaction in the Post-Classical Era Landmarks in the Era of Accelerating Connections, 500 to 1500 Chapter 8 Commerce and Culture, 500-1500 Silk Roads: Exchange across Eurasia The Growth of the Silk Roads Goods in Transit Snapshot: Economic Exchange Along the Silk Road Cultures in Transit Disease in Transit Sea Roads: Exchange across the Indian Ocean Weaving the Web of an Indian Ocean World Snapshot: Economic Exchange in the Indian Ocean Basin Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast Asia and Srivijaya Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: East Africa and Swahili Civilization Sand Roads: Exchange across the Sahara Desert Commercial Beginnings in West Africa Gold, Salt, and Slaves: Trade and Empire in West Africa An American Network: Commerce and Connection in the Western Hemisphere Reflections: Economic Globalization — Ancient and Modern Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 9 East Asian Connections: China and the World, 500-1300 C.E. The Re-Emergence of a Unified China A "Golden Age" of Chinese Achievement Women in the Song Dynasty Snapshot: Key Moments in the History of Post-Classical China China and the Northern Nomads: A Chinese World Order in the Making The Tribute System in Theory The Tribute System in Practice Cultural Influence Across an Ecological Frontier Coping with China: Comparing Korea, Vietnam, and Japan Korea and China Vietnam and China Japan and China China and the Eurasian World Economy Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary China and Buddhism Making Buddhism Chinese Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism Reflections: Why Do Things Change? Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 10 The Worlds of European Christendom: Connected and Divided, 500-1300 Eastern Christendom: Building on the Past Snapshot: Key Moments in Byzantine History The Byzantine State The Byzantine Church and Christian Divergence Byzantium and the World The Conversion of Russia Western Christendom: Constructing a Hybrid Civilization Snapshot: Key Moments in the Evolution of Western Civilization In the Wake of Roman Collapse: Political Life in Western Europe, 500-1000 In the Wake of Roman Collapse: Society and the Church, 500-1000 Accelerating Change in the West, 1000-1300 Europe Outward Bound: The Crusading Tradition The West in Comparative Perspective Catching-Up Pluralism in Politics Reason and Faith Reflections: Remembering and Forgetting: Continuity and Surprise in the Worlds of Christendom Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 11 Afro-Eurasian Connections: The Worlds of Islam, 600-1500 The Birth of a New Religion The Homeland of Islam Snapshot: Key Moments in the Early History of Islam The Messenger and the Message The Transformation of Arabia The Making of an Arab Empire War and Conquest Conversion to Islam Divisions in the Islamic World Women and Men in Early Islam Islam and Cultural Encounter: A Four-Way Comparison The Case of India The Case of Anatolia The Case of West Africa The Case of Spain The World of Islam as a New Civilization Networks of Faith Networks of Exchange Snapshot: Key Achievements in Islamic Science and Scholarship Reflections: A Tale of Two Travelers Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 12 Pastoral Peoples on the Global Stage: The Mongol Moment, 1200-1500 Looking Back and Looking Around: The Long History of Pastoral Nomads Snapshot: Varieties of Pastoral Societies The World of Pastoral Societies The Xiongnu: An Early Nomadic Empire The Arabs and Turks The Maasai of East Africa Break-Out: The Mongol Empire Snapshot: Key Events of the Mongol Era From Temujin to Chinggis Khan: The Rise of the Mongol Empire Explaining the Mongol Moment Encountering the Mongols: Comparing Three Cases China and the Mongols Persia and the Mongols Russia and the Mongols The Mongol Empire as a Eurasian Network Toward a World Economy Diplomacy on a Eurasian Scale Cultural Exchange in the Mongol Realm The Plague: A Eurasian Pandemic Reflections: Changing Images of Nomadic Peoples Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 13 The Worlds of the Fifteenth Century Snapshot: Around the World in the Fifteenth Century The Shapes of Human Communities Paleolithic Persistence Agricultural Village Societies Herding Peoples Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe Ming Dynasty China European Comparisons: State-Building and Cultural Renewal European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging Snapshot: Key Moments in European Oceanic Voyaging Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The "Americas" The Aztec Empire The Inca Empire Webs of Connection A Preview of Coming Attractions: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era, 1500-2000 Snapshot: World Population Growth, 1000-2000 Reflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World History Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Notes Index VOLUME 2: From 1500 Preface Prologue: Considering World History Why World History? Comparison, Connection, and Change: The Three Cs of World History Chapter 13 The Worlds of the Fifteenth Century Snapshot: Around the World in the Fifteenth Century The Shapes of Human Communities Paleolithic Persistence Agricultural Village Societies Herding Peoples Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe Ming Dynasty China European Comparisons: State-Building and Cultural Renewal European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging Snapshot: Key Moments in European Oceanic Voyaging Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The "Americas" The Aztec Empire The Inca Empire Webs of Connection A Preview of Coming Attractions: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era, 1500-2000 Snapshot: World Population Growth, 1000-2000 Reflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World History Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study PART FOUR: THE EARLY MODERN WORLD, 1450-1750 The Big Picture: Debating the Character of an Era An Early Modern Era? A Late Agrarian Era? Landmarks of the Early Modern Era, 1450-1750 Chapter 14 Empires and Encounters, 1450-1750 European Empires in the Americas The European Advantage The Great Dying The Columbian Exchange Comparing Colonial Societies in the Americas In the Lands of the Aztecs and Incas Colonies of Sugar Snapshot: Comparing Colonial Societies in Latin America Settler Colonies in North America Steppe Lands and Siberia: The Making of a Russian Empire Experiencing the Russian Empire Russians and Empire Snapshot: Demographics of the Russian Empire Asian Empires Making China an Empire Muslims and Hindus in the Mughal Empire Muslims, Christians, and the Ottoman Empire Reflections: Countering Eurocentrism…or Reflecting It? Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 15 Global Commerce, 1450-1750 Europeans and Asian Commerce A Portuguese Empire of Commerce Snapshot: Key Moments in the European Encounter with Asia Spain and the Philippines The East India Companies Asian Commerce Silver and Global Commerce The "World Hunt": Fur in Global Commerce Commerce in People: The Atlantic Slave Trade The Slave Trade in Context The Slave Trade in Practice Snapshot: The Slave Trade in Numbers Comparing Consequences: The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa Reflections: Economic Globalization — Then and Now Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For Further Study Chapter 16 Religion and Science, 1450-1750 The Globalization of Christianity Western Christendom Fragmented: The Protestant Reformation Snapshot: Catholic/Protestant Differences in the Sixteenth Century Christianity Outward Bound Conversion and Adaptation in Spanish America An Asian Comparison: China and the Jesuits Persistence and Change in Afro-Asian Cultural Traditions Expansion and Renewal in the Islamic World China: New Directions in an Old Tradition India: Bridging the Hindu/Muslim Divide A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science The Question of Origins: Why Europe? Science as Cultural Revolution Snapshot: Major Thinkers and Achievements of the Scientific Revolution Science and Enlightenment Looking Ahead: Science in the Nineteenth Century European Science Beyond the West Reflections: Cultural Borrowing and Its Hazards Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study PART FIVE: THE EUROPEAN MOMENT IN WORLD HISTORY, 1750-1914 The Big Picture: European Centrality and the Problem of Eurocentrism Euro-centric Geography and History Countering Eurocentrism Landmarks of the European Moment in World History, 1750-1914 Chapter 17 Atlantic Revolutions and Their Echoes, 1750-1914 Comparing Atlantic Revolutions Snapshot: Key Moments in the History of Atlantic Revolutions The North American Revolution, 1775-1787 The French Revolution, 1789-1815 The Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804 Spanish American Revolutions, 1810-1826 Echoes of Revolution The Abolition of Slavery Nations and Nationalism Snapshot: Key Moments in the Growth of Nationalism Feminist Beginnings Reflections: Revolutions Pro and Con Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Chapter 18 Revolutions of Industrialization, 1750-1914 Explaining the Industrial Revolution Why Europe? Why Britain? The First Industrial Society Snapshot: Measuring the Industrial Revolution The British Aristocracy The Middle Classes The Laboring Classes Social Protest Among the Laboring Classes Variations on a Theme: Comparing the United States and Russia The United States: Industrialization without Socialism Russia: Industrialization and Revolution The Industrial Revolution and Latin American in the Nineteenth Century Snapshot: The Industrial Revolution and the Global Divide After Independence in Latin America Facing the World Economy Becoming Like Europe? Reflections: History and Horse-races Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Chapter 19 Internal Troubles, External Threats: China, The Ottoman Empire, and Japan, 1800-1914 The External Challenge: European Industry and Empire New Motives, New Means New Perceptions of the "Other" Reversal of Fortunes: China’s Century of Crisis The Crisis Within Western Pressures Snapshot: Chinese/British Trade at Canton, 1835-1836 The Failure of Conservative Modernization The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century "The Sick Man of Europe" Reform Identity Outcomes: Comparing China and the Ottoman Empire The Japanese Difference: The Rise of a New East Asian Power The Tokugawa Background American Intrusion and the Meiji Restoration Modernization Japanese Style Snapshot: Tracking the Rise of Japan in the Nineteenth Century Japan and the World Reflections: Success and Failure in History Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Chapter 20 Colonial Encounters, 1750-1914 A Second Wave of European Conquests Under European Rule Cooperation and Rebellion Colonial Empires with a Difference Ways of Working: Comparing Colonial Economies Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State Economies of Cash-Crop Agriculture: The Pull of the Market Economies of Wage Labor: Working for Europeans Women and the Colonial Economy: An African Case Study Assessing Colonial Development Snapshot: Long Distance Migration in an Age of Empire, 1846-1940 Believing and Belonging: Cultural Change in the Colonial Era Education Religion "Race" and "Tribe" Reflections: Who Makes History? Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study PART SIX: THE MOST RECENT CENTURY, 1914-2008 The Big Picture: The Twentieth Century: A New Period in World History? Old and New in the Twentieth Century Three Regions — One World Landmarks of the Most Recent Century, 1914-2007 Chapter 21 The Collapse and Recovery of Europe, 1914-1970s The First World War: European Civilization in Crisis, 1914-1918 An Accident Waiting to Happen Legacies of the "Great War" Capitalism Unraveling: The Great Depression Snapshot: Comparing the Impact of the Depression Democracy Denied: Comparing Italy, Germany, and Japan The Fascist Alternative in Europe Hitler and the Nazis Japanese Authoritarianism A Second World War The Road to War in Asia The Road to War in Europe Snapshot: Key Moments in the History of World War II World War II: The Outcomes of Global Conflict The Recovery of Europe Reflections: War and Remembrance: Learning from History Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Chapter 22 The Rise and Fall of World Communism, 1917-Present Global Communism Comparing Revolutions as a Path to Communism Russia: Revolution in a Single Year China: A Prolonged Revolutionary Struggle Building Socialism in Two Countries Communist Feminism Socialism in the Countryside Communism and Industrial Development Snapshot: China Under Mao, 1949-1976 The Search for Enemies East Versus West: A Global Divide and a Cold War Military Conflict and the Cold War Nuclear Stand-Off and Third World Rivalry The United States: Superpower of the West, 1945-1975 The Communist World, 1950s-1970s Comparing Paths to the End of Communism China: Abandoning Communism and Maintaining the Party The Soviet Union: The Collapse of Communism and Country Reflections: To Judge or Not to Judge: The Ambiguous Legacy of Communism Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Chapter 23 Independence and Development in the Global South, 1914-Present Toward Freedom: Struggles for Independence The End of Empire in World History Explaining African and Asian Independence Comparing Freedom Struggles The Case of India: Ending British Rule The Case of South Africa: Ending Apartheid Snapshot: Key Moments in South African History Experiments with Freedom Experiments in Political Order: Comparing African Nations and India Experiments in Economic Development: Changing Priorities, Varying Outcomes Snapshot: Economic Development in the Global South by the Early 21st Century Experiments with Culture: The Role of Islam in Turkey and Iran Reflections: History in the Middle of the Stream Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Chapter 24 Accelerating Global Interaction, Since 1945 Global Interaction and the Transformation of the World Economy Re-Globalization Snapshot: Indicators of "Re-Globalization" Disparities and Resistance Globalization and an American Empire The Globalization of Liberation: Comparing Feminist Movements Feminism in the West Feminism in the Global South International Feminism Religion and Global Modernity Fundamentalism on a Global Scale Creating Islamic Societies: Resistance and Renewal in the World of Islam Religious Alternatives to Fundamentalism The World’s Environment and the Globalization of Environmentalism The Global Environment Transformed Snapshot: World Population Growth 1950-2005 Green and Global Final Reflections: Pondering the Uses of History Second Thoughts What's the Significance? Big Picture Questions Next Steps: For further Study Notes Index
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