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The Student Writer: Editor and Critic

by: CLOUSE

The Student Writer: Editor and Critic

by: CLOUSE

ISBN 13:
9780072559408
ISBN 10:
0072559403
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 07/24/2003
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages
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Summary

This modes-based rhetoric/reader/handbook teaches students how to become astute critics and editors of their own writing, offering new material on argumentation, applying the patterns of organization, writing about literature, visual argument, and ethics in writing.

Preface

xxv

PART 1 STRATEGIES FOR READING AND WRITING

(140)

CHAPTER 1 The Connection between Reading and Writing

(24)

Reading Analytically

(9)

Step One: Preview the Material

Step Two: Read Thoughtfully

Step Three: Review and Write for Retention

A Sample Marked Text

John Holt SCHOOL IS BAD FOR CHILDREN

(4)

Writing in Response to Reading

(5)

Writing a Summary

Sharing Personal Reactions and Associations

Evaluating an Author's Ideas

Essays for Reading and Response

(5)

Amy Tan DEMOCRACY

(2)

Albert Rosenfeld ANIMAL RIGHTS VERSUS HUMAN HEALTH

(2)

Analyzing Visual Content

(5)

Determine the Topic of the Image

Identify the Audience and the Purpose

Identify and Evaluate the Components of the Image Notice Inference

Consider Text That Accompanies the Image

Assess the Quality of the Image

CHAPTER 2 Getting Started

(33)

The Writing Process

(2)

Six Areas of the Writing Process

(2)

Choosing a Writing Topic

(1)

Pay Attention to the World around You

Freewrite

Fill in the Blanks

Narrow a Broad Topic

(7)

Freewrite

Write a List

Consider the Patterns of Development

Map Your Broad Topic

Anthony's Essay in Progress: Discovering a Writing Topic

(1)

Establishing Your Purpose

(1)

Identifying and Assessing Your Audience

(2)

Anthony's Essay in Progress: Establishing Purpose and Identifying and Assessing Audience

(1)

Discovering Ideas to Develop Your Topic

(8)

Freewrite

Write a List

Answer Questions

Write a Map

Write a Letter

Investigate Sources

Keep a Journal

Working Collaboratively: Discovering Ideas

Computer Tips for Prewriting

Process Guidelines: Breaking through Writer's Block

(1)

Developing a Preliminary Thesis

(3)

The Qualities of an Effective Thesis

Process Guidelines: How to Draft Your Preliminary Thesis

(2)

Process Guidelines: The Sequence of Your Writing Process

(1)

Anthony's Essay in Progress: Discovering Ideas and Developing a Preliminary Thesis

(1)

Writing Assignment

(2)

CHAPTER 3 Organizing and Drafting

(35)

Process Guidelines: Evaluating Your Ideas

(1)

Ordering Ideas

(8)

Chronological Order

Spatial Order

Progressive Order

Outlining

Process Guidelines: Outlining

(1)

Anthony's Essay in Progress: Outlining

(2)

Writing the First Draft

(1)

Structuring Your Essay

(2)

Aaron Palumbo PORTRAIT OF AN ACHIEVER

(1)

The Introduction

(3)

Process Guidelines: Drafting Introductions

(1)

Body Paragraphs

(5)

Placement of the Topic Sentence

Qualities of an Effective Topic Sentence

Effective Supporting Details

When to Begin a New Paragraph

Process Guidelines: Drafting Body Paragraphs

(4)

The Conclusion

(4)

Drafting a Title

(1)

Computer Tips for Drafting

Anthony's Essay in Progress: The First Draft

(2)

Writing Assignment

(2)

CHAPTER 4 Revising for Content and Organization

(21)

Process Guidelines: Moving from Writer-Based to Reader-Based Activity

(1)

Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: Revising Content

(2)

Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: Revising Organization

(6)

Achieving Coherence

Working Collaboratively: Revising with the Help of Reader Response

104

(2)

Process Guidelines: Giving and Receiving Reader Response

106

(1)

Process Guidelines: Breaking through Writer's Block

107

(1)

Computer Tips for Revising

Anthony's Essay in Progress: Revising the First Draft

108

(4)

Collaborative Exercise: Evaluating a Draft

112

(3)

CHAPTER 5 Revising for Effective Expression

115

(26)

Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: Revising Sentences

115

(11)

Use the Active Voice

Use Coordination and Subordination

Achieve Sentence Variety Use Parallel Structure

Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: Revising Diction

126

(11)

Use an Appropriate Level of Diction

Use Words with an Appropriate Connotation

Avoid Colloquial Language

Use Specific Diction

Use Simple Diction

Use Gender-Neutral, Inoffensive Language

Eliminate Wordiness

Avoid Clichés

Process Guidelines: Revising Sentences and Words

137

(1)

Computer Tips for Revising Sentences and Words

Anthony's Essay in Progress: The Final Draft

137

(4)

PART 2 PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT

141

(238)

CHAPTER 6 Description

142

(28)

Why Is Description Important?

142

(2)

Description across the Disciplines and Beyond

Combining Description with Other Patterns

144

(1)

Selecting Detail

145

(3)

Focus Your Description with a Dominant Impression

Determine Your Need for Objective and Subjective Description

Use Concrete Sensory Detail

Use Similes, Metaphors, and Personification

Consider Your Purpose and Audience

Be a Responsible Writer

148

(1)

Organizing Description

149

(1)

Visualizing a Descriptive Essay

150

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays

151

(4)

Karen Greene A CHILD'S ROOM

151

(2)

Jerry Sherman MY FIRST FLIGHT

153

(2)

Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work

155

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays

156

(7)

James Tuile THE SOUNDS OF THE CITY

156

(2)

Ernesto Golarza A MEXICAN HOUSE

158

(2)

Combining Patterns of Development

Suzanne Berne WHERE NOTHING SAYS EVERYTHING

160

(3)

Organization Note: Short Paragraphs

163

(2)

Description in a Visual Image

165

(1)

Suggestions for Writing

165

(2)

Process Guidelines: Writing Description

167

(3)

CHAPTER 7 Narration

170

(31)

Why Is Narration Important?

170

(2)

Narration across the Disciplines and Beyond

Combining Narration with Other Patterns

172

(1)

Selecting Detail

173

(4)

Answer the Journalist's Questions

Write Dialogue

Describe a Person, Place, or Scene

Tell Your Story for a Reason

Consider Your Purpose and Audience

Be a Responsible Writer

177

(1)

Organizing Narration

177

(2)

Visualizing a Narrative Essay

179

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays

180

(4)

Donald J. Monaco THE BALL GAME

180

(1)

Brian DeWolf THE GREAT BUFFALO HUNT

181

(3)

Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work

184

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays

185

(10)

Paul Hemphill THE GIRL IN GIFT WRAP

185

(2)

Maya Angelou THE BOYS

187

(3)

Combining Patterns of Development

D. L. Birchfield ROADS TO NOWHERE

190

(5)

Punctuation Note: Parentheses

195

(1)

Narration in a Visual Image

195

(1)

Suggestions for Writing

195

(3)

Process Guidelines: Writing Narration

198

(3)

CHAPTER 8 Exemplification

201

(31)

Why Is Exemplification Important?

201

(2)

Exemplification across the Disciplines and Beyond

Combining Exemplification with Other Patterns

203

(1)

Selecting Detail

204

(3)

Consider Examples from a Variety of Sources

Use Description and Narration as Examples Use Hypothetical Examples

Use the Right Number of Examples

Consider Your Purpose and Audience

Be a Responsible Writer

207

(1)

Organizing Exemplification

207

(2)

Visualizing an Exemplification Essay

209

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays

210

(6)

Delilah Rawlins OCEAN OF TEARS

210

(1)

Ken Hamner LET'S JUST BAN EVERYTHING

211

(2)

Student Essay with Research

Thomas Baird MEDIA STEREOTYPING OF MUSLIMS AS TERRORISTS

213

(3)

Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work

216

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays

217

(9)

Harold Krents DARKNESS AT NOON

217

(2)

Dawn Turner Vice SHODDY SERVICE

219

(2)

Combining Patterns of Development

Judith Otis Coter THE MYTH OF THE LATIN WOMAN: I JUST MET A GIRL NAMED MARIA

221

(5)

Style Note: Sarcasm

226

(1)

Exemplification in a Visual Image

226

(1)

Suggestions for Writing

227

(2)

Process Guidelines: Writing Exemplification

229

(3)

CHAPTER 9 Process Analysis

232

(31)

Why Is Process Analysis Important?

232

(2)

Process Analysis across the Disciplines and Beyond

Combining Process Analysis with Other Patterns

234

(1)

Selecting Detail

234

(4)

Include All the Important Steps

Explain How a Step Is Performed

Explain the Significance of a Step or Why It Is Performed

Explain Trouble Spots and What Not to Do

Mention Necessary Items and Define Unfamiliar Terms

Include Examples and Description

Use Visuals

Consider Your Purpose and Audience

Be a Responsible Writer

238

(1)

Organizing a Process Analysis

238

(1)

Visualizing a Process Analysis Essay

239

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays

240

(5)

Lucas Smith HORSE SENSE

241

(5)

A VISIT TO CANDYLAND

243

(2)

Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work

245

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays

246

(10)

Kirby W. Stanat HOW TO TAKE A JOB INTERVIEW

246

(3)

Diane Ackerman WHY LEAVES TURN COLOR IN THE FALL

249

(4)

Combining Patterns of Development

Eric L. Wee ANNIE SMITH SWEPT HERE

253

(3)

Development Note: Hypothetical Situations

256

(1)

Process Analysis in a Visual Image

257

(1)

Suggestions for Writing

257

(3)

Process Guidelines: Writing Process Analysis

260

(3)

CHAPTER 10 Comparison-Contrast

263

(30)

Why 1s Comparison-Contrast Important?

264

(2)

Comparison-Contrast across the Disciplines and Beyond

Combining Comparison-Contrast with other Patterns

266

(1)

Selecting Detail

266

(2)

Include Enough Points of Comparison and Contrast

Draw on Other Patterns to Explain Points of Comparison and Contrast

Maintain Balance between the Points Discussed

Consider Your Purpose and Audience

Be a Responsible Writer

268

(1)

Organizing Comparison-Contrast

268

(2)

Visualizing a Comparison-Contrast Essay

270

(2)

Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays

272

(4)

Gus Spirtos THE HUMAN AND THE SUPERHUMAN: TWO VERY DIFFERENT HEROES

272

(2)

Maria Scarsella LIKE MOTHER LIKE DAUGHTER

274

(2)

Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work

276

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays

276

(9)

Rachel Carson A FABLE FOR TOMORROW

276

(2)

Suzanne Britt THAT LEAN AND HUNGRY LOOK

278

(3)

Combining Patterns of Development

Patria P. Ramos WHAT IT MEANS TO BE A FILIPINO

281

(4)

Development Note: Dialogue

285

(1)

Comparison-Contrast in a Visual Image

286

(1)

Suggestions for Writing

287

(2)

Process Guidelines: Writing Comparison-Contrast

289

(4)

CHAPTER 11 Cause-and-Effect Analysis

293

(28)

Why Is Cause-and-Effect Analysis Important?

293

(1)

Cause-and-Effect Analysis across the Disciplines and Beyond

Combining Cause-and-Effect Analysis with other Patterns

294

(1)

Selecting Detail

295

(3)

Report Multiple Causes and Effects

Identify Underlying Causes and Effects

Prove That Something Is a Cause or Effect

Identify Immediate and Remote Causes

Reproduce Causal Chains

Explain Why Something Is or Is Not a Cause or an Effect

Consider Your Audience and Purpose

Be a Responsible Writer

298

(1)

Organizing Cause-and-Effect Analysis

298

(2)

Visualizing a Cause-and-Effect Analysis Essay

300

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays

301

(4)

Brigitt Ryan GENDER-SPECIFIC CIGARETTE ADVERTISING

301

(2)

John Selzer ATHLETES ON DRUGS: IT'S NOT SO HARD TO UNDERSTAND

303

(2)

Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work

305

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays

306

(9)

Anne Roiphe WHY MARRIAGES FAIL

306

(3)

Suzanne Sievert IT'S NOT JUST HOW WE PLAY THAT MATTERS

309

(3)

Combining Patterns of Development

David France with Franco Ordoñez $75 MILLION OF STUFF

312

(3)

Diction Note: Specific Diction

315

(1)

Cause-and-Effect Analysis in a Visual Image

316

(1)

Suggestions for Writing

317

(1)

Process Guidelines: Writing Cause-and-Effect Analysis

318

(3)

CHAPTER 12 Definition

321

(25)

Why Is Definition Important?

321

(2)

Definition across the Disciplines and Beyond

Combining Definition with Other Patterns

323

(1)

Selecting Detail

324

(2)

Write a Stipulative Definition

Draw on Other Patterns of Development

Compare or Contrast the Term with Related Words

Explain What Your Term Is Not

Consider Your Purpose and Audience

Be a Responsible Writer

326

(1)

Organizing Definition

326

(2)

Visualizing a Definition Essay

328

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays

329

(3)

Maria Vilar PARENTHOOD: DON'T COUNT ON SLEEPING UNTIL THEY MOVE OUT

329

(2)

Melissa Greco WHAT IS WRITER'S BLOCK?

331

(1)

Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work

332

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays

332

(8)

Laurie Lee APPETITE

333

(2)

Margo Kaufman MY WAY!

335

(5)

Combining Patterns of Development

Dave Barry THE PAJAMA GAME

340

(1)

Development Note: Questions

340

(1)

Definition In a Visual Image

341

(1)

Suggestions for Writing

342

(1)

Process Guidelines: Writing Definition

343

(3)

CHAPTER 13 Classification and Division

346

(33)

Why Are Classification and Division Important?

347

(3)

Classification and Division across the Disciplines and Beyond

Combining Classification and Division with Other Patterns

350

(1)

Selecting Detail

350

(2)

Have a Principle of Classification or Division

Be Sure All Categories or Components Conform to Your Principle of Classification or Division

Use Mutually Exclusive Categories

Explain Each Category or Component

Consider Your Purpose and Audience

Be a Responsible Writer

352

(1)

Organizing Classification and Division

352

(2)

Visualizing Classification and Division

354

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays

355

(4)

Anita Seife GROCERY SHOPPERS

355

(3)

Ray Harkleroad HORROR MOVIES

358

(1)

Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work

359

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays

360

(12)

Russell Baker THE PLOT AGAINST PEOPLE

360

(2)

Judith Viorst THE TRUTH ABOUT LYING

362

(4)

David Bodanis WHAT'S IN YOUR TOOTHPASTE?

366

(3)

Combining Patterns of Development

Martin Luther King, Jr. THE WAYS OF MEETING OPPRESSION

369

(3)

Punctuation Note: The Dash

372

(1)

Division in a Visual Image

373

(1)

Suggestions for Writing

374

(2)

Process Guidelines:Writing Classification and Division

376

(3)

PART 3 USING THE PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT

379

(104)

CHAPTER 14 Argumentation

380

(44)

Why Is Argumentation Important?

380

(3)

Argumentation across the Disciplines and Beyond

Finding an Issue and Establishing Your Claim

383

(2)

Consider Your Purpose and Audience

Kinds of Support

385

(11)

Logical Appeals

Sources of Reasons and Evidence

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Avoiding Logical Fallacies

Emotional Appeals

Ethical Appeals

Using the Patterns of Development

Be a Responsible Writer

396

(1)

Organizing an Argument Essay

396

(2)

Visualizing an Argument Essay

398

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Student Essays

399

(9)

Michael Weiss IT'S JUST TOO EASY

399

(3)

LaDonna Kelar THE OLD BALL GAME

402

(2)

Student Essay with Research

Mary E. Fisher SHOULD OBSCENE ART BE FUNDED BY THE GOVERNMENT?

404

(4)

Think Like a Critic; Work Like an Editor: The Student Writer at Work

408

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: Professional Essays

408

(9)

Ronnie Gunnerson PARENTS ALSO HAVE RIGHTS

408

(3)

Wayne M. Joseph WHY I DREAD BLACK HISTORY MONTH

411

(2)

Charles R. Elsecath SO SHOOT ME, I'M A HUNTER

413

(4)

Style Note: Emphasis

417

(1)

Argumentation in a Visual Image

418

(1)

Suggestions for Writing

419

(1)

Process Guidelines: Writing Argumentation

420

(4)

CHAPTER 15 Writing with Sources

424

(46)

When to Research

424

(2)

The Research Process

426

(21)

Choose a Broad Research Paper Topic

Narrow Your Topic

Draft a Preliminary Thesis Locate Sources

Compile a Working Bibliography

Evaluate Your Sources

Take Notes Reconsider Your Preliminary Thesis

Outline

447

(1)

Write Your First Draft

448

(1)

Document Source Material

449

(11)

What to Document

How to Document Source Material (MLA and APA Styles)

Be a Responsible Writer

460

(3)

Learning from Other Writers: A Student Research Paper

463

(7)

Julie Cooper GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD: WATCHING WHAT WE EAT

463

(7)

CHAPTER 16 Assembling a Writing Portfolio

470

(3)

The Purposes of a Writing Portfolio

470

(1)

How to Assemble Your Portfolio

471

(1)

What to Include in a Self-Reflection Essay

472

(1)

CHAPTER 17 Writing about Literature

473

(10)

How to Read Literature

473

(2)

How to Write about Literature

475

(1)

Learning from Other Writers: A Student Essay

476

(3)

Michael Harnbuchen SYMBOL AND THEME 1N "COCA-COLA AND COCO FRIO"

477

(2)

A Short Story and Poem for Response

479

(5)

Saki THE OPEN WINDOW

479

(2)

John Heaviside A GATHERING OF DEAFS

481

(2)

PART 4 A GUIDE TO FREQUENTLY OCCURRING ERRORS

483

(87)

CHAPTER 18 Word Choice

484

(12)

Troublesome Phrasings

484

(3)

Phrasings That Announce Your Intent or Opinion Unnecessary or Faulty Modifiers

Faulty Synonyms Etc.

Faulty Grammar and Usage

ESL Note: Idioms

487

(1)

Double Negatives

488

(1)

Frequently Confused Words

489

(7)

CHAPTER 19 Sentence Fragments

496

(5)

Finding Sentence Fragments

497

(1)

Correcting Sentence Fragments

497

(2)

ESL Note: The Past Participle and Passive Voice

499

(2)

CHAPTER 20 Run-On Sentences and Comma Splices

501

(5)

Finding Run-On Sentences and Comma Splices

501

(1)

Correcting Run-On Sentences and Comma Splices

502

(2)

ESL Note: Commas and Main Clauses

504

(2)

CHAPTER 21 Verbs

506

(12)

Verb Forms: Regular and Irregular verbs

506

(1)

ESL Note: Incorrect Use of -d and -ed Endings

507

(1)

ESL Note: Use of Am with the Present Participle

507

(3)

Irregular Verb Forms

verb Forms: Be

-s and -es Forms

-d and -ed Forms

Subject-Verb Agreement

510

(3)

Compound Subjects

Subject and Verb Separated

Inverted Order

Indefinite Pronouns Collective Nouns

Relative Pronouns

ESL Note: Singular Verbs and Noncount Nouns

513

(2)

Tense Shifts

515

(2)

Voice Shifts

517

(1)

CHAPTER 22 Pronouns

518

(13)

Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

518

(4)

Compound Subjects

Collective Nouns

Indefinite Pronouns

Gender-Neutral Pronouns

Pronoun Reference

522

(2)

Ambiguous Reference

Unstated Reference

Person Shift

524

(1)

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

525

(1)

Pronoun Case

526

(3)

Pronouns in Compounds

Pronouns after Forms of To Be

Pronouns in Comparisons Pronouns Followed by Nouns

Who, Whoever, Whom, and Whomever

ESL Note: Pronoun Reference and Who, Whom, Which, or That

529

(2)

CHAPTER 23 Modifiers

531

(8)

Adjectives and Adverbs

531

(3)

Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs

ESL Note: A, An, and The

534

(1)

Dangling Modifiers

535

(2)

Misplaced Modifiers

537

(2)

CHAPTER 24 Punctuation

539

(21)

The Comma

539

(8)

Commas with Items in a Series

Commas with Introductory Elements

Commas to Set Off Nouns of Direct Address

Commas with Nonessential Elements Commas with Interrupters

Commas with Main Clauses Commas between Coordinate Modifiers, Commas for Clarity, and Commas to Separate Contrasting Elements

When Not to Use a Comma

The Semicolon

547

(1)

The Colon

548

(1)

The Dash

549

(1)

Parentheses

550

(1)

The Apostrophe

551

(2)

The Apostrophe to Show Possession

The Apostrophe to Indicate Missing Letters or Numbers and for Some Plurals

ESL Note: Its and It's

553

(1)

Quotation Marks

554

(1)

The Ellipsis Mark

555

(2)

Brackets

557

(1)

The Hyphen

558

(2)

CHAPTER 25 Mechanics

560

(10)

Capitalization

560

(2)

Italics and Underlining

562

(1)

Abbreviations and Numbers

563

(2)

Spelling

565

(5)

Appendix: Parts of Speech

570

Credits

C-1

Index

I-1

Revising and Editing Reference Guide

Revising and Editing Symbols

Rent More, Save More! Use code: KBRENTAL

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The Student Writer: Editor and Critic

The Student Writer: Editor and Critic

9780072559408

0072559403

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Rent More, Save More! Use code: KBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

The Student Writer: Editor and Critic

The Student Writer: Editor and Critic

9780072559408

0072559403

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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