The discovery of fullerenes, with their unique properties, versatility and many potential applications, has launched a new branch of research known as nanotechnology. Aimed at scientists in academia, government and industry, this book provides a concise analysis of fullerene based nanostructures and the use of Raman spectroscopy to elucidate their structure and behaviour. It starts by introducing the concept of nanotechnology before going on to describe the production, structure, properties and current applications of fullerenes. The next chapter is devoted to Raman spectroscopy as a powerful diagnostic tool for the characterization of fullerenes. The book concludes by correlating the previous chapters in a fundamental discussion of current achievements and future challenges.