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The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes

by: White, David

The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes

by: White, David

ISBN 13:
9780195301687
ISBN 10:
0195301684
Edition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 03/16/2006
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Summary

The third edition of The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes covers the basic principles of prokaryotic physiology, biochemistry, and cell behavior. It presents microbial metabolism in the context of the chemical and physical problems that cells must solve in order to grow.

Boxed Material

Preface

Symbols

xiii

Conversion Factors, Equations, and Units of Energy

Definitions

xvii

Structure and Function

(52)

Phylogeny

(3)

Cell Structure

(38)

Summary

(9)

Study Questions

(8)

Growth and Cell Division

(30)

Measurement of Growth

(2)

Growth Physiology

(9)

Cell Division

(6)

Growth Yields

(1)

Growth Kinetics

(2)

Steady State Growth and Continuous Growth

(1)

Summary

(9)

Study Questions

(8)

Membrane Bioenergetics: The Proton Potential

(37)

The Chemiosmotic Theory

(1)

Electrochemical Energy

(6)

The Contributions of the ΔΨ and the ΔpH to the Overall Δp in Neutrophiles, Acidophiles, and Alkaliphiles

(1)

Ionophores

(2)

Measurement of the Δp

(1)

Use of the Δp to Do Work

(4)

Exergonic Reactions that Generate a Δp

(4)

Other Mechanisms for Creating a ΔΨ or a Δp

102

(10)

Halorhodopsin, a Light-Driven Chloride Pump

112

(1)

The Δp and ATP Synthesis in Alkaliphiles

112

(1)

Summary

112

(8)

Study Questions

114

(6)

Electron Transport

120

(29)

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

121

(1)

The Electron Carriers

121

(4)

Organization of the Electron Carriers in Mitochondria

125

(3)

Organization of the Electron Carriers in Bacteria

128

(2)

Coupling Sites

130

(2)

How a Proton Potential Might Be Created at the Coupling Sites: Q Loops, Q Cycles, and Proton Pumps

132

(5)

Patterns of Electron Flow in Individual Bacterial Species

137

(7)

Summary

144

(5)

Study Questions

145

(4)

Photosynthesis

149

(24)

The Phototrophic Prokaryotes

149

(3)

The Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria

152

(5)

The Green Sulfur Bacteria (Chlorbiaceae)

157

(2)

Cyanobacteria and Chloroplasts

159

(2)

Efficiency of Photosynthesis

161

(1)

Photosynthetic Pigments

162

(6)

The Transfer of Energy from the Light-Harvesting Pigments to the Reaction Center

168

(1)

The Structure of Photosynthetic Membranes in Bacteria

169

(1)

Summary

169

(4)

Study Questions

170

(3)

The Regulation of Metabolic Pathways

173

(8)

Patterns of Regulation of Metabolic Pathways

173

(2)

Kinetics of Regulatory and Nonregulatory Enzymes

175

(3)

Conformational Changes in Regulatory Enzymes

178

(1)

Regulation by Covalent Modification

178

(1)

Summary

179

(2)

Study Questions

179

(2)

Bioenergetics in the Cytosol

181

(15)

High-Energy Molecules and Group Transfer Potential

181

(5)

The Central Role of Group Transfer Reactions in Biosynthesis

186

(2)

ATP Synthesis by Substrate Level Phosphorylation

188

(6)

Summary

194

(2)

Study Questions

195

(1)

Central Metabolic Pathways

196

(34)

Glycolysis

198

(6)

The Fate of NADH

204

(1)

Why Write NAD+ Instead of NAD, and NADH Instead of NADH2?

204

(1)

A Modified EMP Pathway in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus

204

(1)

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

205

(5)

The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway

210

(3)

The Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA: The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Reaction

213

(1)

The Citric Acid Cycle

214

(5)

Carboxylations that Replenish Oxaloacetate: The Pyruvate and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylases

219

(1)

Modification of the Citric Acid Cycle into a Reductive (Incomplete) Cycle During Fermentative Growth

220

(1)

Chemistry of Some of the Reactions in the Citric Acid Cycle

221

(2)

The Glyoxylate Cycle

223

(1)

Formation of Phosphoenolpyruvate

224

(1)

Formation of Pyruvate from Malate

225

(1)

Summary of the Relationships Between the Pathways

226

(1)

Summary

226

(4)

Study Questions

228

(2)

Metabolism of Lipids, Nucleotides, Amino Acids, and Hydrocarbons

230

(25)

Lipids

230

(8)

Nucleotides

238

(5)

Amino Acids

243

(5)

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

248

(3)

Summary

251

(4)

Study Questions

253

(2)

Macromolecular Synthesis

255

(63)

DNA Replication, Chromosome Separation, and Chromosome Partitioning

255

(25)

RNA Synthesis

280

(13)

Protein Synthesis

293

(13)

Summary

306

(12)

Study Questions

308

(10)

Cell Wall and Capsule Biosynthesis

318

(18)

Peptidoglycan

318

(5)

Lipopolysaccharide

323

(5)

Extracellular Polysaccharide Synthesis and Export in Gram-Negative Bacteria

328

(5)

Levan and Dextran Synthesis

333

(1)

Glycogen Synthesis

333

(1)

Summary

333

(3)

Study Questions

334

(2)

Inorganic Metabolism

336

(23)

Assimilation of Nitrate and Sulfate

336

(2)

Dissimilation of Nitrate and Sulfate

338

(3)

Nitrogen Fixation

341

(4)

Lithotrophy

345

(10)

Summary

355

(4)

Study Questions

356

(3)

C1 Metabolism

359

(24)

Carbon Dioxide Fixation Systems

359

(16)

Growth on C1 Compounds Other than CO2: The Methylotrophs

375

(3)

Summary

378

(5)

Study Questions

380

(3)

Fermentations

383

(21)

Oxygen Toxicity

383

(1)

Energy Conservation by Anaerobic Bacteria

384

(2)

Electron Sinks

386

(1)

The Anaerobic Food Chain

386

(1)

How to Balance a Fermentation

387

(1)

Propionate Fermentation via the Acrylate Pathway

388

(1)

Propionate Fermentation via the Succinate-Propionate Pathway

389

(2)

Acetate Fermentation (Acetogenesis)

391

(1)

Lactate Fermentation

392

(2)

Mixed-Acid and Butanediol Fermentation

394

(3)

Butyrate Fermentation

397

(3)

Ruminococcus albus

400

(1)

Summary

401

(3)

Study Questions

402

(2)

Homeostasis

404

(13)

Maintaining a ΔpH

404

(3)

Osmotic Pressure and Osmotic Potential

407

(6)

Summary

413

(4)

Study Questions

414

(3)

Solute Transport

417

(21)

The Use of Proteoliposomes to Study Solute Transport

417

(1)

Kinetics of Solute Uptake

418

(1)

Energy-Dependent Transport

419

(10)

How to Determine the Source of Energy for Transport

429

(1)

Drug-Export Systems

430

(1)

Bacterial Transport Systems in Summary

431

(1)

Summary

431

(7)

Study Questions

434

(4)

Protein Transport

438

(29)

The Sec System

439

(4)

The Translocation of Membrane-Bound Proteins

443

(2)

The E. coli SRP

445

(1)

Protein Translocation of Folded Proteins; the Tat System

445

(2)

Extracellular Protein Secretion

447

(10)

Folding of Periplasmic Proteins

457

(2)

Summary

459

(8)

Study Questions

460

(7)

Microbial Development and Physiological Adaptation: Varied Responses to Environmental Cues and Intercellular Signals

467

(132)

Introduction to Two-Component Signaling Systems

469

(5)

Responses by Facultative Anaerobes to Anaerobiosis

474

(6)

Response to Nitrate and Nitrite: The Nar Regulatory System

480

(4)

Response to Nitrogen Supply: The Ntr Regulon

484

(5)

Response to Inorganic Phosphate Supply: The Pho Regulon

489

(2)

Effect of Oxygen and Light on the Expression of Photosynthetic Genes in the Purple Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus

491

(1)

Response to Osmotic Pressure and Temperature: Regulation of Porin Synthesis

492

(2)

Response to Potassium Ion and External Osmolarity: Stimulation of Transcription of the kdpABC Operon by a Two-Component Regulatory System

494

(1)

Acetyl-Phosphate Is a Possible Global Signal in Certain Two-Component Systems

494

(2)

Response to Carbon Sources: Catabolite Repression, Inducer Expulsion, Permease Synthesis

496

(6)

Virulence Factors: Synthesis in Response to Temperature, pH, Nutrient, Osmolarity, and Quorum Sensors

502

(7)

Chemotaxis

509

(10)

Photoresponses

519

(3)

Aerotaxis

522

(1)

Introduction to Bacterial Development and to Quorum Sensing

522

(1)

Myxobacteria

523

(11)

Caulobacter Development: Control of DNA Replication and Cell Cycle Genes

534

(5)

Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis

539

(11)

Competence in Bacillus subtilis

550

(2)

Bioluminescence

552

(9)

Systems Similar to LuxR/LuxI in Nonluminescent Bacteria

561

(3)

Biofilms

564

(6)

Summary

570

(29)

Study Questions

572

(27)

How Bacteria Respond to Environmental Stress

599

(18)

Heat-Shock Response

599

(4)

Repairing Damaged DNA

603

(5)

The SOS Response

608

(3)

Oxidative Stress

611

(2)

Summary

613

(4)

Study Questions

614

(3)

Index

617

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes

The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes

9780195301687

0195301684

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes

The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes

9780195301687

0195301684

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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