Preface to Socrates to Sartre and Beyond

PART ONE: ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHY

1. Socrates's Predecessors

2. The Sophists and Socrates

3. Plato

4. Aristotle

PART TWO: HELLENISTIC AND MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

5. Classical Philosophy After Aristotle

6. Augustine

7. Philosophy in the Early Middle Ages

8. Aquinas and his Late Medieval Successors

PART THREE: EARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHY

9. Philosophy during the Renaissance

10. Rationalism on the Continent

11. Empiricism in Britain

12. Enlightenment Philosophy

PART FOUR: LATE MODERN AND NINETEENTH CENTURY PHILOSOPHY

13. Kant

14. German Idealism

15. Utilitarianism and Positivism

16. Kierkegaard, Marx, and Nietzsche

PART FIVE: TWENTIETH CENTURY AND CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY

17. Pragmatism and Process Philosophy

18. Analytic Philosophy

19. Phenomenology and Existentialism

20. Recent Philosophy

Appendix: Classical Eastern Philosophy: Hinduism, Buddhism,Confucianism, Daoism

Glossary of Key Concepts

Index

Book II: CLASSIC READINGS IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

PART ONE: ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHY

READING 1: Presocratic Philosophy: Ultimate Reality (from Fragments)

READING 2: Plato: Does God Create Morality? (from Euthyphro, complete)

READING 3: Plato: A Life Worth Living (from The Apology, complete)

READING 4: Plato: Obedience to the State (from Crito, complete)

READING 5: Plato: Knowledge and Immortality of the Soul (from The Republic and Phaedo)

READING 6: Aristotle: Nature, the Soul, Moral Virtue and Society (from Physics, Metaphysics, On the Soul, Nicomachean Ethics, and Politics)

PART TWO: HELLENISTIC AND MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

READING 1: Epicurus: Pleasure and Life's Aim (from Letter to Menoeceus, complete)

READING 2: Lucretius: The Mind as Body (from On the Nature Of Things)

READING 3: Epictetus: Resigning Oneself to Fate (from Handbook)

READING 4: Sextus Empiricus: The Goals and Methods of Skepticism (from Outlines of Pyrrhonism)

READING 5: Augustine: On Skepticism, The Two Cities and Our Primary Good (from On the Trinity, City of God and Of the Morals of the Catholic Church)

READING 6: Anselm: The Ontological Argument (from Proslogium)

READING 7: Thomas Aquinas: God’s Existence and Natural Law (from Summa Theologica)

PART THREE: EARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHY

READING 1: Blaise Pascal: Wagering on Belief in God (from Thoughts)

READING 2: Thomas Hobbes: The Social Contract (from De Cive)

READING 3: René Descartes: Certainty and the Mind (from Meditations and The Passions of the Soul)

READING 4: Anne Conway: Blurring the Distinction between Mind and Body (from Principles)

READING 5: John Locke: The Origin of All Our Ideas in Experience (from Essay concerning Human Understanding)

READING 6: George Berkeley: Consciousness, Not Matter, the True Reality (from Three Dialogues)

READING 7: David Hume: The Self, Experience, Determinism, Miracles and God’s Existence (from Treatise Enquiry, and Dialogues concerning Natural Religion)

READING 8: Voltaire: On the Best of All Possible Worlds (from Philosophical Dictionary)

READING 9: Thomas Reid: The Argument for Free Will from Commonsense Beliefs (from Essays On The Active Powers Of Man)

READING 10: Mary Wollstonecraft: The Rights of Women (from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman)

READING 11: William Paley: The Design Argument from Analogy Defended (from Natural Theology)

PART FOUR: LATE MODERN AND NINETEENTH CENTURY

READING 1: Immanuel Kant: Pure Reason and the Categorical Imperative (from The Critique Of Pure Reason and Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals)

READING 2: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Lordship-Bondage and World History (from Phenomenology of Spirit and The Philosophy of Right)

READING 3: Søren Kierkegaard: Faith and Paradox (from Fear and Trembling)

READING 4: John Stuart Mill: Liberty and Utilitarianism (from On Liberty and Utilitarianism)

READING 5: Karl Marx: The Clash of Class Interests (from Manifesto of the Communist Party)

READING 6: Friederich Nietzsche: Turning Values Upside Down (from Beyond Good and Evil, The Twilight Of The Idols, and The Will To Power)

READING 7: Leo Tolstoy: The Aim of Life (from My Confession)

PART FIVE: TWENTIETH CENTURY AND CONTEMPORARY

READING 1: William James: Free Will and Pragmatism (from The Dilemma of Determinism and Pragmatism)

READING 2: Bertrand Russell: Appearance and Reality (from Problems of Philosophy)

READING 3: Arthur Eddington: Commonsense Knowledge and Scientific Knowledge (from The Nature of The Physical World)

READING 4: Jean-Paul Sartre: Existentialism and Humanism (from Existentialism Is a Humanism)

READING 5: Willard Van Orman Quine: Two Dogmas of Empiricism (from “Two Dogmas of Empiricism”)

READING 6: John Rawls: Justice as Fairness (from “Justice as Fairness”)H3>READING 7: Thomas Nagel: What Is It Like to Be a Bat? (from “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?”)

READING 8: Carol Gilligan: Is There a Characteristically Feminine Voice Defining Morality? (from “In a Different Voice”)

READING 9: James Rachels: The Challenge of Cultural Relativism (from Elements of Moral Philosophy)

READING 10: Daniel Dennett: How to Protect Human Dignity from Science (from “How to Protect Human Dignity from Science”)

APPENDIX: Classical Eastern Philosophy: Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism (from various primary texts)

Glossary of Key Concepts

Index