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Oracle Database 10g Real Application Clusters Handbook

by: Gopalakrishnan, K.

Oracle Database 10g Real Application Clusters Handbook

by: Gopalakrishnan, K.

ISBN 13: 9780071465090
ISBN 10: 007146509X
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 12/13/2006
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Summary

Learn cutting-edge technology from Oracle expertsWritten by Oracle insiders, this comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about Real Application Clusters -- low-cost hardware platforms that can rival and exceed the quality of service, availability, and scalability of the most expensive mainframe systems. Concepts covered are applicable to all previous versions of Oracle Tuning and troubleshooting tips, providing insight on the most advanced diagnostics available Detailed coverage of advanced RAC concepts Working code for all examples available online

Acknowledgments

xvii

Introduction

xix

PART I High Availability Architecture and Clusters

Introduction to High Availability and Scalability

(12)

High Availability

(10)

HA Terminology

(1)

Planned and Unplanned Outages

(1)

An End-to-End Perspective

(1)

Cost of Downtime

(3)

Building Redundant Components

(1)

Common Solutions for HA

(1)

Cluster, Cold Failover, and Hot Failover

(3)

HA Option Pros and Cons

(1)

Scalability

(1)

Oracle Real Application Cluster Solution

(1)

In a Nutshell

(1)

Clustering Basics and History

(20)

Grid Computing with Clusters

(2)

Shared Storage in Clustering

(5)

Types of Clustering Architectures

(5)

History of Oracle RAC

(1)

Oracle Parallel Server Architecture

(8)

Components of an OPS Database

(6)

Limitations of Oracle Parallel Server

(1)

The Oracle RAC Solution

(1)

Availability

(1)

Scalability

(1)

Reliability

(1)

Affordability

(1)

Transparency

(1)

Commoditization

(1)

In a Nutshell

(1)

RAC Architecture

(28)

Single Instance vs. RAC Environment

(1)

RAC Components

(16)

Shared Disk System

(5)

Oracle Clusterware

(7)

Cluster Interconnect

(3)

Oracle Kernel Components

(6)

Global Cache and Global Enqueue Services

(1)

Global Resource Directory

(1)

RAC Background Processes

(6)

In a Nutshell

(3)

PART II Installation, Configuration, and Storage

RAC Preinstallation

(24)

Preinstallation Tasks

(21)

Set up the Groups and Users

(1)

Configure Raw Devices

(1)

Secure Shell Configuration

(1)

Configure the Kernel Parameters

(1)

Configure the Hangcheck-Timer Module

(1)

Run the Cluster Verification Utility

(3)

CRS Installation

(14)

In a Nutshell

(1)

RAC Installation

(22)

Automatic Storage Management

(6)

Real Application Clusters Installation

(11)

Creating the RAC Database

(8)

In a Nutshell

107

(2)

Automatic Storage Management

109

(22)

Facts about Automatic Storage Management

110

(6)

ASM Building Blocks

111

(5)

ASM Administration and Management

116

(7)

ASM Instance Management

116

(7)

ASM Tools

123

(3)

ASMCMD ASM Command-Line Utility

123

(1)

ASM FTP Utility

124

(2)

ASMLib

126

(2)

Installing ASMLib

126

(1)

Configuring ASMLib

126

(2)

OCFS and ASM Comparison

128

(1)

In a Nutshell

128

(3)

PART III RAC Administration and Management

RAC Basic Administration

131

(20)

Initialization Parameters

132

(8)

Unique Parameters

133

(2)

Identical Parameters

135

(3)

Instance-Specific Parameters

138

(1)

Managing the Parameter File

139

(1)

Starting and Stopping Instance(s)

140

(1)

Using srvctl to Start/Stop Instance(s)

140

(1)

Using SQL *Plus to Start/Stop Instance(s)

141

(1)

Administering Undo

141

(2)

Automatic Undo Management

141

(1)

Manual Undo Management

142

(1)

Administering a Temporary Tablespace

143

(1)

Administering Online Redologs

144

(1)

Enabling Archive Logs in the RAC Environment

144

(1)

Enabling the Flashback Area

145

(1)

Managing Database Configuration with SRVCTL

146

(2)

Managing Database Objects

148

(1)

Managing Tablespaces

148

(1)

Managing Sequences

148

(1)

Managing Tables

148

(1)

Managing Indexes

148

(1)

In a Nutshell

149

(2)

RAC Advanced Administration

151

(16)

Understanding Services

152

(1)

Service Characteristics

152

(1)

Administering Services

153

(3)

Creating Services

153

(3)

Administering Cluster Ready Services

156

(6)

Starting and Stopping CRS---Oracle 10g R1

156

(1)

Starting and Stopping CRS---Oracle 10g R2

157

(1)

Disabling and Enabling CRS

157

(1)

CRS Utilities

158

(4)

Administering OCR

162

(3)

Administering the Voting Disk

165

(1)

In a Nutshell

166

(1)

RAC Backup and Recovery

167

(22)

Introduction to Backups

168

(1)

Oracle Backup Options

168

(1)

Oracle Backup Basics

169

(2)

Performing Backups in Oracle

169

(2)

Instance Recovery in RAC

171

(2)

Redo Threads and Streams

171

(1)

Redo Records and Change Vectors

171

(1)

Checkpoints

172

(1)

Crash Recovery

173

(1)

Steps in Crash Recovery (Single Instance)

174

(1)

Crash Recovery in RAC

174

(1)

Instance Recovery

174

(2)

Instance Recovery in OPS

175

(1)

Instance Recovery in RAC

175

(1)

Crash Recovery and Media Recovery

176

(3)

Bounded Recovery

176

(1)

Block Written Record (BWR)

176

(1)

Past Image (PI)

177

(1)

Two-Pass Recovery

177

(1)

Cache Fusion Recovery

178

(1)

Dynamic Reconfiguration and Affinity Remastering

179

(7)

Fast Reconfiguration in RAC

180

(2)

Internals of Cache Fusion Recovery

182

(4)

Backup and Recovery of the Voting Disk and OCR

186

(1)

Backup and Recovery of Voting Disks

186

(1)

Backup and Recovery of OCR

186

(1)

In a Nutshell

187

(2)

RAC Performance Management

189

(28)

RAC Design Considerations

190

(2)

Oracle Design Best Practices

190

(1)

RAC-Specitic Design Best Practices

191

(1)

Partitioning the Workload

192

(1)

Scalability and Performance

193

(1)

Choosing the Block Size for an RAC Database

194

(1)

Using Automatic Segment Space Management

194

(1)

Limitations of ASSM

195

(1)

Introduction to V$ and GV$ Views

195

(1)

V$ Views Containing Cache Fusion Statistics

196

(1)

RAC Wait Events

196

(7)

Enqueue Tuning in RAC

203

(1)

AWR and STATSPACK

204

(5)

Interpreting the AWR Report

206

(3)

GCS and GES Messaging Statistics Section

209

(3)

Statspack

211

(1)

ADDM

212

(1)

Tuning the Cluster Interconnect

213

(1)

Verify That Private Interconnect Is Used

213

(1)

Verify That Network Interconnect Is Not Saturated

213

(1)

In a Nutshell

214

(3)

PART IV Advanced Concepts in RAC

Global Resource Directory

217

(24)

Cache Coherency

218

(4)

Resources and Enqueues

219

(3)

Global Enqueue Services

222

(7)

Latches and Enqueues

222

(2)

Global Locks Database and Structure

224

(3)

Messaging in RAC

227

(2)

Global Cache Services

229

(9)

Lock Modes and Lock Roles

230

(3)

Consistent Read Processing

233

(3)

Lock Mastering and Remastering

236

(2)

In a Nutshell

238

(3)

A Closer Look at Cache Fusion

241

(38)

Key Components in Cache Fusion

243

(2)

Ping

243

(1)

Deferred Ping

244

(1)

Past Image (PI) Blocks

244

(1)

Lock Mastering

245

(1)

Types of Contention

245

(1)

Cache Fusion I or Consistent Read Server

245

(4)

Cache Fusion II or Write/Write Cache Fusion

249

(27)

Cache Fusion in Operation

251

(7)

Cache Fusion Walkthrough

258

(18)

Resource Mastering and Remastering

276

(1)

Background Process and Cache Fusion

276

(2)

Lmon: Lock Monitor Process

276

(1)

LMS: Lock Manager Server

277

(1)

LMD: Lock Manager Daemon Process (LMDn)

277

(1)

LCKn: Lock Process (LCKO)

277

(1)

DIAG: Diagnostic Daemon (DIAG)

277

(1)

In a Nutshell

278

(1)

Workload and Connection Management

279

(32)

Workload Distribution and Load Balancing

280

(2)

Hardware and Software Load Balancing

282

(1)

Load Balancing and Oracle Net Services

282

(7)

Client-Side Load Balancing

282

(4)

Server-Side Load Balancing

286

(3)

Transparent Application Failover

289

(7)

TAF Considerations

289

(7)

Workload Management

296

(13)

Oracle Services

296

(2)

Workload Balancing

298

(4)

High Availability Features

302

(7)

In a Nutshell

309

(2)

RAC Troubleshooting

311

(20)

Log Directory Structure in Cluster Ready Services

312

(1)

Log Directory Structure in the Oracle RDBMS

313

(4)

The Lamport Algorithm

316

(1)

RAC On and Off

317

(1)

Database Performance Issues

318

(3)

Hung Database

318

(3)

Debugging Node Eviction Issues

321

(7)

Instance Membership Recovery

321

(7)

Debugging CRS and GSD Using DTRACING

328

(1)

In a Nutshell

328

(3)

PART V Deploying RAC

RAC Extensions

331

(10)

Design Considerations

332

(1)

Speed of Light

332

(3)

Network Connectivity

333

(1)

Data Storage

334

(1)

Common Techniques for Data Mirroring

335

(2)

Array-Based Mirroring

335

(1)

Host-Based Mirroring

336

(1)

Challenges in Extended Clusters

336

(1)

Extended RAC Limitations

337

(2)

Extended RAC vs. Data Guard

339

(1)

In a Nutshell

340

(1)

Developing Applications for RAC

341

(18)

Application Partitioning

344

(2)

Best Practice: Application Partitioning Schemes

345

(1)

Data Partitioning

346

(1)

Best Practice: Guidance Systems

346

(1)

Buffer Busy Waits/Block Contention

347

(1)

Index Partitioning

348

(3)

Buffer Busy Waits: Index Branch/Leaf Blocks Contention

349

(1)

Sorted Hash Clusters

350

(1)

Working with Sequences

351

(2)

Cache and Noorder

351

(1)

Cache and Order

352

(1)

Nocache and Order

352

(1)

Best Practice: Use Different Sequences for Each Instance

352

(1)

Connection Management

353

(1)

Full Table Scans

354

(2)

Identifying Full Table Scans

354

(1)

Interconnect Protocol

355

(1)

Library Cache Effect in the Parsing

356

(1)

Commit Frequency

357

(1)

In a Nutshell

358

(1)

RAC Reference

359

(24)

Adding and Removing Cluster Nodes

383

(8)

References

391

(8)

Index

399

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Oracle Database 10g Real Application Clusters Handbook

Oracle Database 10g Real Application Clusters Handbook

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Rent More, Save More! Use code: KBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Oracle Database 10g Real Application Clusters Handbook

Oracle Database 10g Real Application Clusters Handbook

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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