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Microeconomics and Behavior

by: FRANK

Microeconomics and Behavior

by: FRANK

ISBN 13:
9780072977455
ISBN 10:
0072977450
Edition: 6th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 02/24/2005
Publisher: McGraw-Hill/Irwin
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Summary

Robert Frank's Microeconomics and Behavior covers the essential topics of microeconomics while exploring the relationship between economics analysis and human behavior. The book's clear narrative appeals to students, and its numerous examples help students develop economic intuition. This book introduces modern topics not often found in intermediate textbooks. Its focus throughout is to develop a student's capacity to "think like an economist."

PART 1 Introduction

(58)

Thinking Like an Economist

(24)

The Cost-Benefit Approach to Decisions

(2)

Example 1.1: Should I Turn Down My Stereo?

(1)

The Role of Economic Theory

(1)

Common Pitfalls in Decision Making

(8)

Example 1.2: Should I Go Skiing Today or Work as a Research Assistant?

(1)

Example 1.3: Should I Go Skiing Today or Scrape Plates?

(1)

Example 1.4: Should I Work First or Go to College First?

(1)

Example 1.5: Should I Drive to Boston or Take the Bus?

(1)

Example 1.6: The Pizza Experiment

(1)

Example 1.7a: Should You Drive to WalMart to Save $10 on a $20 Clock Radio?

(1)

Example 1.7b: Should You Drive Downtown to Save $10 on a $1000 Television Set?

(1)

Example 1.8: Should Tom Launch Another Boat?

(1)

Example 1.9: How Many Boats Should Tom Launch?

(1)

Using Marginal Benefit and Marginal Cost Graphically

(2)

Example 1.10: How Much Should Susan Talk to Hal Each Month?

(1)

The Invisible Hand

(1)

Example 1.11: Should I Burn My Leaves or Haul Them into the Woods?

(1)

Would Parents Want Their Daughter or Son to Marry Homo Economicus?

(1)

The Economic Naturalist

(3)

Economic Naturalist 1.1: Why Is Airline Food So Bad?

(1)

Economic Naturalist 1.2: Why Do Manual Transmissions Have Five Forward Speeds, Automatics Only Four?

(1)

Economic Naturalist 1.3: Why Did Paper Towels Replace Hot-Air Hand Dryers in Public Restrooms in the 1970s?

(2)

Positive Questions and Normative Questions

(1)

Microeconomics and Macroeconomics

(1)

Summary

(1)

Questions for Review

(1)

Problems

(2)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

(1)

Supply and Demand

(32)

Chapter Preview

(1)

Supply and Demand Curves

(4)

Equilibrium Quantity and Price

(1)

Adjustment to Equilibrium

(1)

Some Welfare Properties of Equilibrium

(1)

Free Markets and the Poor

(4)

Example 2.1: Denied Boarding Compensation

(2)

Example 2.2: Rent Controls

(2)

Price Supports

(1)

The Rationing and Allocative Functions of Prices

(1)

Determinants of Supply and Demand

(3)

Predicting and Explaining Changes in Price and Quantity

(2)

Economic Naturalist 2.1: Why Do the Prices of Apples Go Down during the Months of Heaviest Consumption While the Prices of Beachfront Cottages Go Up?

(1)

Example 2.3: How Does a Price Support Program in the Soybean Market Affect the Equilibrium Price and Quantity of Beef?

(1)

The Algebra of Supply and Demand

(1)

Summary

(1)

Questions for Review

(1)

Problems

(1)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

(10)

Appendix 2 How Do Taxes Affect Equilibrium Prices and Quantities?

(8)

PART 2 The Theory of Consumer Behavior

(226)

Rational Consumer Choice

(44)

Chapter Preview

(1)

The Opportunity Set or Budget Constraint

(9)

Example 3.1: Quantity Discount Gives Rise to a Kinked Budget Constraint: Graphing the Budget Constraint for a Consumer's Electric Power

(1)

Example 3.2: Budget Constraints Following Theft of Gasoline or Loss of Cash: Should Gowdy Buy More Gas?

(2)

Consumer Preferences

(7)

The Best Feasible Bundle

(4)

Example 3.3: Equilibrium with Perfect Substitutes: Jolt Cola vs. Coca-Cola

(1)

An Application of the Rational Choice Model

(4)

Example 3.4: Is It Better to Give Poor People Cash or Food Stamps?

(3)

Economic Naturalist 3.1: Why Do People Often Give Gifts instead of Cash?

(1)

Summary

(1)

Questions for Review

(1)

Problems

(3)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

(16)

Appendix 3 The Utility Function Approach to the Consumer Budgeting Problem

(13)

Individual and Market Demand

105

(50)

Chapter Preview

105

(1)

The Effects of Changes in Price

106

(2)

The Effects of Changes in Income

108

(3)

The Income and Substitution Effects of a Price Change

111

(6)

Example 4.1: Income and Substitution Effects for Perfect Complements: Skis and Bindings

115

(1)

Example 4.2: Income and Substitution Effects for Perfect Substitutes: Tea and Coffee

116

(1)

Consumer Responsiveness to Changes in Price

117

(4)

Example 4.3: Deriving Individual Demand Curves for Perfect Complements: Car Washes and Gasoline

119

(2)

Market Demand: Aggregating Individual Demand Curves

121

(3)

Example 4.4: The Market Demand Curve: Beech Saplings in a Vermont Town

122

(1)

Example 4.5: The Market Demand Curve: Ten Consumers

123

(1)

Price Elasticity of Demand

124

(9)

Example 4.6: Price Elasticity of Demand: Should the Transit System Raise or Lower Bus Fares?

131

(2)

The Dependence of Market Demand on Income

133

(5)

Example 4.7: How Does Income Affect the Market Demand Curve for Food?

134

(3)

Economic Naturalist 4.1: Why Has the Nature of Outdoor Cooking Appliances Changed Dramatically in Recent Decades?

137

(1)

Application: Forecasting Economic Trends

138

(1)

Cross-Price Elasticities of Demand

139

(1)

Summary

140

(1)

Questions for Review

141

(1)

Problems

142

(2)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

144

(11)

Appendix 4 Additional Topics in Demand Theory

147

(8)

Applications of Rational Choice and Demand Theories

155

(32)

Chapter Preview

156

(1)

Using the Rational Choice Model to Answer Policy Questions

156

(1)

Application: A Gasoline Tax and Rebate Policy

156

(2)

Application: School Vouchers

158

(2)

Consumer Surplus

160

(2)

Example 5.1: What Is the Loss in Consumer Surplus from an Oil Price Increase?

162

(1)

Application: Two-Part Pricing

162

(2)

Economic Naturalist 5.1: Why Do Some Tennis Clubs Have an Annual Membership Charge in Addition to Their Hourly Court Fees?

163

(1)

Economic Naturalist 5.2: Why Do Some Amusement Parks Charge Only a Fixed Admission Fee?

164

(1)

Overall Welfare Comparisons

164

(2)

Example 5.2: Price Changes: Was Jones Better Off This Year or Last Year?

165

(1)

Application: The Welfare Effects of Changes in Housing Prices

166

(1)

Application: A Bias in the Consumer Price Index

167

(3)

Using Price Elasticity of Demand

170

(1)

Application: The MARTA Fare Increase

170

(2)

Application: The Price Elasticity of Demand for Alcohol

172

(1)

The Intertemporal Choice Model

173

(5)

Example 5.3: Will an Increase in the Interest Rate Cause You to Save More?

178

(1)

Application: The Permanent Income and Life-Cycle Hypotheses

178

(3)

Summary

181

(1)

Questions for Review

182

(1)

Problems

182

(3)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

185

(2)

The Economics of Information and Choice under Uncertainty

187

(44)

Chapter Preview

188

(1)

The Economics of Information

188

(10)

Economic Naturalist 6.1: Why Do ``Almost New'' Used Cars Sell for So Much Less than Brand New Ones?

194

(1)

Economic Naturalist 6.2: Why Is Coyness Often an Attractive Attribute?

195

(2)

Economic Naturalist 6.3: Why Do People in Small Towns Spend Less on Clothes than People in Big Cities?

197

(1)

Choice under Uncertainty

198

(10)

Example 6.1: Maximizing Expected Utility: Smith and Gambling

200

(2)

Example 6.2: Will You Always Accept a Favorable Bet?

202

(2)

Example 6.3: The Lemons Principle: In a Certain Country, What Fraction of Personal Computers Is Defective?

204

(1)

Example 6.4: Should Sarah Become a Teacher or an Actress? What Is the Most She Would Pay for Smith's Evaluation?

205

(1)

Example 6.5: Which of Two Colleges Should You Attend?

206

(2)

Insuring against Bad Outcomes

208

(5)

Application: Always Self-Insure against Small Losses

213

(1)

Summary

214

(1)

Questions for Review

215

(1)

Problems

215

(3)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

218

(13)

Appendix 6 Search Theory and the Winner's Curse

219

(12)

Explaining Tastes: The Importance of Altruism and Other Nonegoistic Behavior

231

(28)

Chapter Preview

232

(1)

An Application of the Present-Aim Standard: Altruistic Preferences

232

(3)

Example 7.1: A Utility-Maximizing Altruist: Should Smith Give Some of His Wealth to Jones?

234

(1)

The Strategic Role of Preferences

235

(4)

The Commitment Problem

239

(2)

Illustration: The Cheating Problem

241

(7)

A Simple Thought Experiment

248

(2)

Tastes Not Only Can Differ, They Must Differ

250

(1)

Economic Naturalist 7.1: Why Do People Vote in Presidential Elections?

250

(1)

Application: Predicting Variations in Voter Turnout

251

(1)

Application: Concerns about Fairness

251

(3)

Example 7.2: Will Hatfield and McCoy Work Together?

254

(1)

The Importance of Tastes

254

(1)

Summary

255

(1)

Questions for Review

256

(1)

Problems

256

(1)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

257

(2)

Cognitive Limitations and Consumer Behavior

259

(26)

Chapter Preview

260

(1)

Bounded Rationality

260

(2)

The Asymmetric Value Function

262

(2)

Sunk Costs

264

(1)

Out-of-Pocket Costs versus Opportunity Costs

265

(1)

Hedonic Framing

265

(4)

Choice under Uncertainty

269

(2)

Judgmental Heuristics and Biases

271

(5)

Economic Naturalist 8.1: Why does the rookie of the year in Baseball often have a mediocre second season?

274

(2)

The Psychophysics of Perception

276

(1)

The Difficulty of Actually Deciding

276

(4)

Economic Naturalist 8.2: Why Do Real Estate Agents Show Two Houses that Are Nearly Identical, Even Though One Is Cheaper and in Better Condition?

278

(2)

Summary

280

(1)

Questions for Review

281

(1)

Problems

282

(1)

Answer to In-Chapter Exercise

283

(2)

PART 3 The Theory of the Firm and Market Structure

285

(218)

Production

287

(36)

Chapter Preview

288

(1)

The Input-Output Relationship, or Production Function

288

(3)

Production in the Short Run

291

(9)

Economic Naturalist 9.1: Why Can't All the World's People be Fed from the amount of grain grown in a single flowerpot?

293

(5)

Example 9.1: Maximizing Total Output (I): Should the Allocation of Boats of a Fishing Fleet Be Altered?

298

(2)

Example 9.2: Maximizing Total Output (II): How Should the Allocation of Boats of a Fishing Fleet Be Altered?

300

(1)

Example 9.3: What Is the Optimal Amount of Time to Spend on Each Exam Question?

300

(1)

Production in the Long Run

300

(4)

Returns to Scale

304

(4)

Economic Naturalist 9.2: Why Do Builders Use Prefabricated Frames for Roofs but Not for Walls?

305

(3)

Summary

308

(1)

Questions for Review

309

(1)

Problems

309

(2)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

311

(12)

Appendix 9 Mathematical Extensions of Production Theory

313

(10)

Costs

323

(40)

Chapter Preview

324

(1)

Costs in the Short Run

324

(11)

Example 10.1: Graphing the Total, Variable, and Fixed Cost Curves

327

(4)

Example 10.2: Graphing the Average Fixed, Average Variable, Average Total, and Marginal Costs

331

(2)

Example 10.3: Graphing the Average Total Cost, Average Variable Cost, Average Fixed Cost, and Marginal Cost Curves

333

(2)

Allocating Production between Two Processes

335

(1)

Example 10.4: What Is the Least Costly Way to Produce a Total of 32 Units of Output?

335

(1)

The Relationship among MP, AP, MC, and AVC

336

(2)

Costs in the Long Run

338

(9)

Economic Naturalist 10.1: Why Is Gravel Made by Hand in Nepal but by Machine in the United States?

341

(1)

Economic Naturalist 10.2: Why Do Unions Support Minimum Wage Laws So Strongly?

342

(1)

Economic Naturalist 10.3: Why Would a Bathroom Equipment Manufacturer Bake the Image of a Housefly onto the Center of Its Ceramic Urinals?

343

(4)

Long-Run Costs and the Structure of Industry

347

(2)

The Relationship between Long-Run and Short-Run Cost Curves

349

(1)

Summary

350

(1)

Questions for Review

351

(1)

Problems

352

(1)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

353

(10)

Appendix 10 Mathematical Extensions of the Theory of Costs

355

(8)

Perfect Competition

363

(44)

Chapter Preview

364

(1)

The Goal of Profit Maximization

364

(4)

Example 11.1: Should the Owner of Valdosta, Georgia's Miniature Golf Course Move the Operation to Manhattan?

365

(3)

The Four Conditions for Perfect Competition

368

(2)

The Short-Run Condition for Profit Maximization

370

(4)

The Short-Run Competitive Industry Supply

374

(2)

Example 11.2: What Is the Industry Supply Curve for an Industry with 200 Firms?

375

(1)

Short-Run Competitive Equilibrium

376

(2)

The Efficiency of Short-Run Competitive Equilibrium

378

(1)

Producer Surplus

379

(4)

Example 11.3: Should the Legislature Ban Fireworks?

381

(2)

Adjustments in the Long Run

383

(2)

The Invisible Hand

385

(2)

Application: The Cost of Extraordinary Inputs

387

(2)

The Long-Run Competitive Industry Supply Curve

389

(4)

Economic Naturalist 11.1: Why Do Color Photographs Cost Less than Black-and-White Photographs?

393

(1)

The Elasticity of Supply

393

(2)

Applying the Competitive Model

395

(6)

Economic Naturalist 11.2: Why Did 18-Wheel Cargo Trucks Suddenly Begin Using Airfoils in the Mid-1970s?

400

(1)

Summary

401

(1)

Questions for Review

401

(1)

Problems

402

(2)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

404

(3)

Monopoly

407

(46)

Chapter Preview

408

(1)

Defining Monopoly

408

(1)

Five Sources of Monopoly

409

(5)

The Profit-Maximizing Monopolist

414

(12)

Example 12.1: Finding a Marginal Revenue Curve for a Given Demand Curve

421

(1)

Example 12.2: What Is a Monopolist's Profit-Maximizing Price, and How Much Economic Profit Is Earned?

422

(4)

A Monopolist Has No Supply Curve

426

(1)

Adjustments in the Long Run

426

(1)

Price Discrimination

427

(8)

Example 12.3: Finding and Graphing the Monopolist's Quantity and Price in the Home Market

428

(2)

Economic Naturalist 12.1: Why Do Some Doctors and Lawyers Offer Discounts to People with Low Incomes

430

(1)

Economic Naturalist 12.2: Why Do Theater Owners Offer Student Discounts on Admission Tickets but Not on Popcorn?

431

(4)

The Efficiency Loss from Monopoly

435

(2)

Public Policy toward Natural Monopoly

437

(11)

Example 12.4: Will the Monopolist Introduce a New Lightbulb that Lasts 10,000 Hours?

447

(1)

Summary

448

(1)

Questions for Review

448

(1)

Problems

449

(2)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

451

(2)

Imperfect Competition: A Game-Theoretic Approach

453

(50)

Chapter Preview

454

(1)

An Introduction to the Theory of Games

454

(12)

Economic Naturalist 13.1: Why Do Cigarette Companies Advertise ``Too Much''?

457

(7)

Economic Naturalist 13.2: Why Might a Company Make an Investment It Knew It Would Never Use?

464

(2)

Economic Naturalist 13.3: Why Would a Firm Build a Factory with More Capacity Than it Would Ever Need?

466

(1)

Some Specific Oligopoly Models

466

(10)

Example 13.1: Deriving the Reaction Functions for Cournot Duopolists

469

(2)

Example 13.2: Finding the Equilibrium Price and Quantity for Bertrand Duopolists

471

(1)

Example 13.3: Finding the Equilibrium Price and Quantity for a Stackelberg Leader and Follower

472

(4)

Competition When There Are Increasing Returns to Scale

476

(2)

The Chamberlin Model of Monopolistic Competition

478

(6)

A Spatial Interpretation of Monopolistic Competition

484

(10)

Economic Naturalist 13.4: Why Are There Fewer Grocery Stores in Cities than There Were in 1930? Why Do Neighborhoods in Manhattan Have More Grocery Stores than Neighborhoods in Los Angeles?

489

(5)

Historical Note: Hotelling's Hot Dog Vendors

494

(1)

Application: A Spatial Perspective on Political Competition

495

(1)

Consumer Preferences and Advertising

496

(2)

Summary

498

(1)

Questions for Review

499

(1)

Problems

499

(2)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

501

(2)

PART 4 Factor Markets

503

(82)

Labor

505

(50)

Chapter Preview

506

(1)

The Perfectly Competitive Firm's Short-Run Demand for Labor

506

(2)

The Perfectly Competitive Firm's Long-Run Demand for Labor

508

(1)

The Market Demand Curve for Labor

508

(2)

An Imperfect Competitor's Demand for Labor

510

(1)

The Supply of Labor

511

(5)

Example 14.1: The Labor Supply Curve for Someone with a Target Level of Income

513

(1)

Economic Naturalist 14.1: Why Is It So Hard to Find a Taxi on Rainy Days?

514

(1)

Example 14.2: The Optimal Leisure Demand for Someone Who Views Income and Leisure as Perfect Complements

514

(2)

Is Leisure a Giffen Good?

516

(1)

The Noneconomist's Reaction to the Labor Supply Model

517

(1)

The Market Supply Curve

517

(2)

Example 14.3: How Do Rising MBA Enrollments Affect the Salaries and Employment of Economists in Liberal Arts Colleges?

518

(1)

Monopsony

519

(5)

Minimum Wage Laws

524

(2)

Labor Unions

526

(2)

Discrimination in the Labor Market

528

(3)

Statistical Discrimination

531

(4)

The Internal Wage Structure

535

(3)

Winner-Take-All Markets

538

(1)

Summary

539

(1)

Questions for Review

540

(1)

Problems

540

(3)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

543

(12)

Appendix 14 The Economics of Workplace Safety

547

(8)

Capital

555

(30)

Chapter Preview

556

(1)

Financial Capital and Real Capital

556

(1)

The Demand for Real Capital

556

(1)

The Relationship between the Rental Rate and the Interest Rate

557

(1)

The Criterion for Buying a Capital Good

558

(1)

Interest Rate Determination

559

(1)

Real versus Nominal Interest Rates

560

(1)

The Market for Stocks and Bonds

561

(4)

Economic Naturalist 15.1: Why is owning stock in a monopoly no better than owning stock in a perfectly competitive firm?

565

(1)

The Anomaly of the Investment Newsletter

565

(2)

Tax Policy and the Capital Market

567

(2)

Economic Rent

569

(1)

Peak-Load Pricing

570

(1)

Exhaustible Resources as Inputs in Production

571

(2)

Summary

573

(1)

Questions for Review

574

(1)

Problems

575

(1)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

575

(10)

Appendix 15 A More Detailed Look at Exhaustible Resource Allocation

576

(9)

PART 5 General Equilibrium and Welfare

585

(94)

General Equilibrium and Market Efficiency

587

(26)

Chapter Preview

588

(1)

A Simple Exchange Economy

588

(9)

Efficiency in Production

597

(2)

Efficiency in Product Mix

599

(3)

Gains from International Trade

602

(2)

Example 16.1: General Equilibrium and Market Efficiency

604

(1)

Taxes in General Equilibrium

604

(2)

Other Sources of Inefficiency

606

(2)

Summary

608

(1)

Questions for Review

609

(1)

Problems

609

(1)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

610

(3)

Externalities, Property Rights, and the Coase Theorem

613

(34)

Chapter Preview

614

(1)

The Reciprocal Nature of Externalities

614

(6)

Example 17.1: The Confectioner and the Doctor (I): Making the Confectioner Liable for Noise Damage

615

(1)

Example 17.2: The Confectioner and the Doctor (II): Changing Costs and Benefits

616

(1)

Example 17.3: The Confectioner and the Doctor (III): Installing a Soundproofing Device

616

(1)

Example 17.4: The Confectioner and the Doctor (IV): Should the Doctor Rearrange His Office?

617

(1)

Example 17.5: The Confectioner and the Doctor (V): Costly Negotiation When the Confectioner Can Make the Least-Cost Adjustment

618

(1)

Example 17.6: The Confectioner and the Doctor (VI): Costly Negotiation When the Doctor Can Make the Least-Cost Adjustment

619

(1)

Application: External Effects from Nuclear Power Plants

620

(1)

Property Rights

621

(7)

Economic Naturalist 17.1: Why Does the Law Permit Airlines to Operate Flights over Private Land without Permission?

621

(1)

Economic Naturalist 17.2: Why Does the Law of Trespass Not Apply along Waterfront Property?

622

(1)

Economic Naturalist 17.3: Why Are Property Rights Often Suspended during Storms?

623

(1)

Economic Naturalist 17.4: Why Do Building Height Limits Vary from City to City?

623

(1)

Example 17.7: If Village Residents Make Their Investment Decisions Independently, How Many of Their Steers Will Graze on the Commons?

624

(4)

Externalities, Efficiency, and Free Speech

628

(1)

Smoking Rules, Public and Private

629

(1)

Example 17.8: Should Smoker Smith Live with Nonsmoker Jones, or Find a Separate Apartment?

629

(1)

Positive Externalities

630

(1)

Positional Externalities

630

(4)

Taxing Externalities

634

(5)

Example 17.9: The Confectioner and the Doctor (VII): Taxing the Confectioner for Noise

634

(2)

Example 17.10: What Is the Best Way for the City Council to Reduce Air Pollution?

636

(3)

Summary

639

(1)

Questions for Review

639

(1)

Problems

640

(6)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

646

(1)

Government

647

(32)

Chapter Preview

648

(1)

Public Goods

648

(9)

Example 18.1: Should the Network Broadcast Jerry Springer or Masterpiece Theater?

654

(3)

Public Choice

657

(7)

Example 18.2: If Two People, One Rich and One Poor, Have Opposite Views on a Proposed Public Project, on What Basis Would Each Like to See the Decision Made, Cost-Benefit Analysis or Majority Rule?

661

(2)

Example 18.3: Which Company Will Win the Cedar Rapids Cable TV Franchise?

663

(1)

Income Distribution

664

(10)

Summary

674

(1)

Questions for Review

675

(1)

Problems

676

(2)

Answers to In-Chapter Exercises

678

(1)

Index

679

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Microeconomics and Behavior

Microeconomics and Behavior

9780072977455

0072977450

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Microeconomics and Behavior

Microeconomics and Behavior

9780072977455

0072977450

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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