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Medical Mycology: A Self-Instructional Text

by: Kern, Martha E.; Blevins, Kathleen S.

Medical Mycology: A Self-Instructional Text

by: Kern, Martha E.; Blevins, Kathleen S.

ISBN 13: 9780803600362
ISBN 10: 0803600364
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 02/24/1997
Publisher: F.A. Davis Company

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Summary

Each of the seven modules includes prerequisites, content outline, objectives, follow-up activities, references, and self-study examinations
Teaches proper laboratory practice and presents the biology and physiology of fungi, describing the epidemiology of fungal infections, defining fungal disease states, and emphasizing laboratory identification of fungi based on body sites
Test protocols and reagent recipes are highlighted in each module
Information about AIDS and immunocompromised patients has been added to the pertinent disease descriptions, following the discussion of causative organisms
Module 2 includes common techniques for fungal culture preservation, DNA testing for rapid identification, and antifungal therapeutics

List of Techniques and Procedures

List of Charts

xvi

List of Color Plates

xviii

Introduction: How to Use This Text

xxi

Basics of Mycology

(26)

Prerequisites

(1)

Behavioral Objectives

(1)

Content Outline

(1)

Follow-up Activities

(1)

References

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Microscopic Morphology

(4)

General Information

(1)

Hyphae

(1)

Aseptate hyphae

(1)

Septate hyphae

(1)

Vegetative versus aerial hyphae

(1)

Nonreproductive vegetative hyphae

(1)

Favic chandeliers

(1)

Nodular organs

(1)

Racquet hyphae

(1)

Spiral hyphae

(1)

Yeasts

(1)

Dimorphism

(1)

Study Questions

(8)

Reproduction

(1)

Asexual Reproduction

(1)

Conidia

(2)

Blastoconidia (Blastospores)

(1)

Poroconidia

(1)

Phialoconidia

(1)

Annelloconidia

(1)

Macroconidia

(1)

Chlamydoconidia

(1)

Arthroconidia (Arthrospores)

(1)

Sporangiospores

(1)

Study Questions

(3)

Sexual Reproduction

(1)

Ascospores

(1)

Basidiospores

(1)

Zygospores

(1)

Colonial Morphology

(4)

Texture

(1)

Cottony or Woolly Texture

(1)

Velvety Texture

(1)

Granular or Powdery Texture

(1)

Glabrous Texture

(1)

Topography

(1)

Rugose Topography

(1)

Umbonate Topography

(1)

Verrucose Topography

(1)

Color

(1)

Taxonomy

(3)

Types of Mycoses Based on Body Site

(1)

Final Exam

(3)

Laboratory Procedures for Fungal Culture and Isolation

(46)

Prerequisites

(1)

Behavioral Objectives

(1)

Content Outline

(1)

Follow-up Activities

(1)

References

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Obtaining and Processing the Specimen

(1)

General Considerations

(4)

Specific Fungal Specimen Sources

(1)

Blood and Bone Marrow

(1)

Cerebrospinal Fluid

(1)

Cutaneous: Hair, Nails, and Skin

(1)

Respiratory: Bronchial Washings, Sputa, Throats, Transtracheal Aspirates

(1)

Tissue, Biopsies

(1)

Urine

(1)

Vaginal, Uterine Cervix

(1)

Wounds, Subcutaneous Lesions, Mucocutaneous Lesions

(1)

Study Questions

(1)

Direct Examination of the Specimen

(12)

Saline Wet Mount

(1)

Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) Wet Mount

(6)

Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Preparation

(1)

Gram Stain

(1)

Acid-Fast Stain

(1)

India Ink Preparation

(1)

Calcoflour White Stain

(1)

Other Stains

(1)

Study Questions

(1)

Culturing the Specimen

(8)

Primary Fungal Media

(3)

Nonselective Media

(1)

Sabouraud Brain Heart Infusion Agar (SABHI)

(1)

Brain Heart Infusion Agar with Blood (BHIB)

(2)

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)

(1)

Selective Media with Antibiotics

(1)

Inhibitory Mold Agar (IMA)

(1)

Brain Heart Infusion Agar with Blood, Gentamicin, and Chloramphenicol

(1)

Brain Heart Infusion Agar with Blood, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, and Cycloheximide

(1)

Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM)

(1)

Special Considerations

(1)

Incubation Temperature

(1)

Incubation Time

(1)

Subculture Media

(1)

Neutral Sabouraud Dextrose Agar

(1)

Potato Dextrose Agar

(1)

Study Questions

(1)

Examining the Culture

(9)

Tease Mount Method

(1)

Cellophane Tape Method

(1)

Slide Culture Method

(4)

Modified Slide Culture Method

(1)

Coverslip Sandwich Technique

(3)

Proceeding to Specific Modules

(1)

Final Exam

(1)

Supplemental Rationale

(4)

Skin Tests

(1)

Seromycology

(1)

DNA Testing

(1)

Culture Preservation

(1)

Therapy for Mycoses

(1)

Agents

(2)

Study Questions

(2)

Common Fungal Opportunists

(42)

Prerequisites

(1)

Behavioral Objectives

(1)

Content Outline

(1)

Follow-up Activities

(1)

References

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Common Properties of Fungal Opportunists

(1)

Rapid-Growing

(1)

Saprobic and Airborne

(1)

Normally Inhaled

(1)

Opportunistic Pathogens

(1)

Laboratory Diagnosis

(1)

Aseptate Opportunists

(9)

Terminal Vesicle Absent

(1)

Absidia Species

(1)

Apophysomyces Species

(4)

Mucor Species

(1)

Rhizopus Species

(1)

Saksenaea Species

(1)

Terminal Vesicle Present

(1)

Cunninghamella Species

(1)

Syncephalastrum Species

(1)

Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis, Phycomycosis)

(1)

Study Questions

Septate Opportunists

(18)

Dematiaceous Opportunists

(1)

Alternaria Species

(2)

Aureobasidium Species

(1)

Bipolaris Species

(1)

Cladosporium (Hormodendrum) Species

(1)

Curvularia Species

(1)

Exserohilum Species

(1)

Epicoccum Species

(2)

Nigrospora Species

(1)

Study Questions

(9)

Hyaline Opportunists

(1)

Acremonium (Cephalosporium) Species

(1)

Aspergillus Species

(2)

Chrysosporium Species

100

(1)

Fusarium Species

101

(1)

Gliocladium Species

102

(1)

Paecilomyces Species

102

(1)

Penicillium Species

103

(1)

Penicillium marneffei

103

(1)

Scopulariopsis Species

104

(1)

Sepedonium Species

104

(1)

Study Questions

105

(5)

Opportunistic Mycoses

105

(1)

Aspergillosis

105

(2)

Penicilliosis

107

(1)

Keratomycosis

108

(1)

Otomycosis

109

(1)

Sinusitis

109

(1)

Final Exam

110

(5)

Superficial and Dermatophytic Fungi

115

(28)

Prerequisites

115

(1)

Behavioral Objectives

115

(1)

Content Outline

116

(1)

Follow-up Activities

116

(1)

References

116

(1)

Introduction

117

(1)

Superficial Organisms

117

(5)

Exophiala (Phaeoannellomyces werneckii, Cladosporium werneckii)

118

(1)

Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum ovale, Pityrosporum orbiculare)

119

(1)

Piedraia hortai

120

(1)

Trichosporon beigelii (cutaneum)

121

(1)

Study Questions

122

(1)

Dermatophytes

122

(5)

General Differential Characteristics

124

(1)

Location of the Dermatophytosis

124

(1)

Hair Fluorescence

125

(1)

Growth Rate

126

(1)

Microscopic Characteristics of Each Dermatophyte Genus

126

(1)

Physiologic Tests

127

(1)

Study Questions

127

(9)

Dermatophytes Pathogenic to Humans

127

(1)

Microsporum Species

127

(1)

Microsporum audouinii

127

(4)

Microsporum canis

131

(1)

Microsporum gypseum

132

(1)

Epidermophyton Species

132

(1)

Epidermophyton floccosum

133

(1)

Trichophyton Species

133

(1)

Ecothrix hair invasion

133

(1)

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

133

(1)

Trichophyton rubrum

134

(1)

Trichophyton verrucosum

135

(1)

Study Questions

136

(2)

Endothrix hair invasion

137

(1)

Trichophyton schoenleinii

137

(1)

Trichophyton tonsurans

137

(1)

Trichophyton violaceum

138

(1)

Dermatophytosis (Tinea, Ringworm)

138

(1)

Final Exam

139

(4)

Yeasts

143

(22)

Prerequisites

143

(1)

Behavioral Objectives

143

(1)

Content Outline

143

(1)

Follow-up Activities

144

(1)

References

144

(1)

Introduction

144

(1)

Laboratory Procedures

145

(8)

Direct Examination and Cultural Isolation

145

(1)

Yeast Identification Methods

145

(1)

Germ Tube Production

145

(1)

Microscopic Morphology on Corn Meal-Tween 80 Agar

146

(7)

Birdseed Agar

153

(1)

Study Questions

153

(4)

Biochemical Identification

154

(1)

Other Tests

154

(3)

Study Questions

157

(1)

Yeast Diseases

158

(4)

Candidiasis

158

(2)

Cryptococcosis

160

(1)

Diseases Caused by Geotrichum candidum

161

(1)

Diseases Caused by Torulopsis glabrata

161

(1)

Final Exam

162

(3)

Organisms Causing Subcutaneous Mycoses

165

(28)

Prerequisites

165

(1)

Behavioral Objectives

165

(1)

Content Outline

166

(1)

Follow-Up Activities

166

(1)

References

166

(1)

Introduction

167

(3)

Molds

170

(10)

Dematiaceous Molds

170

(1)

Branching Chains of Conidia

171

Cladosporium carrionii

170

(1)

Cladosporium trichoides

171

(1)

Multiple Arrangements of Conidia

172

(1)

Fonsecaea compacta

172

(1)

Fonsecaea pedrosoi

173

(1)

Balls of Conidia

174

(1)

Phialophora verrucosa

174

(1)

Exophiala (Phialophora) jeanselmei

174

(1)

Wangiella (Phialophora, Exophiala) dermatitidis

175

(1)

Chromoblastomycosis

176

(1)

Phaeohyphomycosis (Chromoblastomycosis in part, Cladosporiosis)

176

(1)

Hyaline Molds

177

(1)

Scedosporium (Monosporium) apiospermum

177

(1)

Scedosporium prolificans (Inflatum)

178

(1)

Sporothrix schenckii

179

(1)

Sporotrichosis

180

(1)

Study Questions

180

(2)

Funguslike Bacteria

182

(4)

Aerobic Actinomycetes

182

(1)

Actiomadura Species

182

(1)

Nocardia Species

183

(1)

Nocardiopsis Species

183

(1)

Streptomyces Species

184

(1)

Tests for Aerobic Actinomycetes

184

(1)

Nocardiosis

185

(1)

Mycetoma (Maduromycosis, Madura foot)

185

(1)

Mycobacteria

186

(1)

Anaerobic Actinomycetes

186

(3)

Actinomycosis

187

(2)

Final Exam

189

(4)

Organisms Causing Systemic Mycoses

193

(14)

Prerequisites

193

(1)

Behavioral Objectives

193

(1)

Content Outline

193

(1)

Follow-Up Activities

194

(1)

References

194

(1)

Introduction

194

(2)

Organisms and Diseases

196

(7)

Blastomyces dermatitidis

196

(1)

Blastomycosis (North American Blastomycosis, Gilchrist's Disease)

197

(1)

Coccidioides immitis

198

(1)

Coccidioidomycosis (San Joaquin Fever)

199

(1)

Histoplasma capsulatum

200

(1)

Histoplasmosis (Darling's Disease)

201

(1)

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

202

(1)

Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American Blastomycosis)

202

(1)

Final Exam

203

(4)

Appendix A Answers for Study Questions and Final Exams

207

(8)

Appendix B Common Synonyms

215

Appendix C Glossary

207

(26)

Appendix D List of Manufacturers

233

(2)

Color Plates (See List of Color Plates)

xviii

Index

235

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Medical Mycology: A Self-Instructional Text

Medical Mycology: A Self-Instructional Text

Summary

Table of Contents

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