Preface v

Special Features xxvi

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Computer Programs 2

1.2 The Anatomy of a Computer 3

1.3 The Java Programming Language 6

1.4 Becoming Familiar with Your Programming Environment 7

VE1 Compiling and Running a Program

1.5 Analyzing Your First Program 11

1.6 Errors 14

1.7 PROBLEM SOLVING Algorithm Design 15

The Algorithm Concept 16

An Algorithm for Solving an Investment Problem 17

Pseudocode 18

From Algorithms to Programs 18

HT1 Describing an Algorithm with Pseudocode 19

WE1 Writing an Algorithm for Tiling a Floor 21

VE2 Dividing Household Expenses

2 Fundamental Data Types 31

2.1 Variables 32

Variable Declarations 32

Number Types 34

Variable Names 35

The Assignment Statement 36

Constants 37

Comments 37

ST1 Numeric Types in Java 41

ST2 Big Numbers 42

2.2 Arithmetic 43

Arithmetic Operators 43

Increment and Decrement 43

Integer Division and Remainder 44

Powers and Roots 45

Converting Floating-Point Numbers to Integers 46

J81 Avoiding Negative Remainders 49

ST3 Combining Assignment and Arithmetic 49

VE1 Using Integer Division

2.3 Input and Output 50

Reading Input 50

Formatted Output 52

HT1 Carrying Out Computations 56

WE1 Computing the Cost of Stamps

2.4 PROBLEM SOLVING First Do it By Hand 59

WE2 Computing Travel Time

2.5 Strings 61

The String Type 61

Concatenation 61

String Input 62

Escape Sequences 62

Strings and Characters 63

Substrings 63

ST4 Instance Methods and Static Methods 66

ST5 Using Dialog Boxes for Input and Output 67

VE2 Computing Distances on Earth

3 Decisions 83

3.1 The if Statement 84

ST1 The Conditional Operator 89

3.2 Comparing Numbers and Strings 90

ST2 Lexicographic Ordering of Strings 94

HT1 Implementing an if Statement 95

WE1 Extracting the Middle

3.3 Multiple Alternatives 98

ST3 The switch Statement 101

3.4 Nested Branches 102

ST4 Enumeration Types 107

VE1 Computing the Plural of an English Word

3.5 PROBLEM SOLVING Flowcharts 107

3.6 PROBLEM SOLVING Test Cases 110

ST5 Logging 112

3.7 Boolean Variables and Operators 113

ST6 Short-Circuit Evaluation of Boolean Operators 116

ST7 De Morgan’s Law 117

3.8 APPLICATION Input Validation 118

VE2 The Genetic Code

4 Loops 142

4.1 The while Loop 142

4.2 PROBLEM SOLVING Hand-Tracing 149

4.3 The for Loop 152

4.4 The do Loop 158

4.5 APPLICATION Processing Sentinel Values 160

ST1 The “Loop and a Half” Problem and the break Statement 162

ST2 Redirection of Input and Output 163

VE1 Evaluating a Cell Phone Plan

4.6 PROBLEM SOLVING Storyboards 164

4.7 Common Loop Algorithms 167

Sum and Average Value 167

Counting Matches 167

Finding the First Match 168

Prompting Until a Match is Found 169

Maximum and Minimum 169

Comparing Adjacent Values 170

HT1 Writing a Loop 171

WE1 Credit Card Processing

4.8 Nested Loops 174

WE2 Manipulating the Pixels in an Image

4.9 PROBLEM SOLVING Solve a Simpler Problem First 178

4.10 APPLICATION Random Numbers and Simulations 182

Generating Random Numbers 182

Simulating Die Tosses 183

The Monte Carlo Method 184

ST3 Drawing Graphical Shapes 186

VE1 Drawing a Spiral

5 Methods 211

5.1 Methods as Black Boxes 212

5.2 Implementing Methods 214

5.3 Parameter Passing 217

5.4 Return Values 220

HT1 Implementing a Method 222

WE1 Generating Random Passwords

5.5 Methods Without Return Values 224

5.6 PROBLEM SOLVING Reusable Methods 225

5.7 PROBLEM SOLVING Stepwise Refinement 229

WE2 Calculating a Course Grade

5.8 Variable Scope 236

VE1 Debugging

5.9 Recursive Methods (Optional) 240

HT2 Thinking Recursively 243

VE2 Fully Justified Text

6 Arrays and Array Lists 261

6.1 Arrays 262

Declaring and Using Arrays 262

Array References 265

Partially Filled Arrays 266

6.2 The Enhanced for Loop 269

6.3 Common Array Algorithms 270

Filling 270

Sum and Average Value 271

Maximum and Minimum 271

Element Separators 271

Linear Search 272

Removing an Element 272

Inserting an Element 273

Swapping Elements 274

Copying Arrays 275

Reading Input 276

ST1 Sorting with the Java Library 279

ST2 Binary Search 279

6.4 Using Arrays with Methods 280

ST3 Methods with a Variable Number of Parameters 284

6.5 PROBLEM SOLVING Adapting Algorithms 284

HT1 Working with Arrays 287

WE1 Rolling the Dice

6.6 PROBLEM SOLVING Discovering Algorithms by Manipulating Physical Objects 291

VE1 Removing Duplicates from an Array

6.7 Two-Dimensional Arrays 294

Declaring Two-Dimensional Arrays 295

Accessing Elements 295

Locating Neighboring Elements 296

Computing Row and Column Totals 297

Two-Dimensional Array Parameters 298

WE2 A World Population Table

ST4 Two-Dimensional Arrays with Variable Row Lengths 300

ST5 Multidimensional Arrays 301

6.8 Array Lists 301

Declaring and Using Array Lists 302

Using the Enhanced for Loop with Array Lists 304

Copying Array Lists 305

Array Lists and Methods 305

Wrappers and Auto-boxing 305

Using Array Algorithms with Array Lists 307

Storing Input Values in an Array List 307

Removing Matches 307

Choosing Between Array Lists and Arrays 308

ST6 The Diamond Syntax 311

VE2 Game of Life

7 Input/Output and Exception Handling 331

7.1 Reading and Writing Text Files 332

ST1 Reading Web Pages 335

ST2 File Dialog Boxes 335

ST3 Reading and Writing Binary Data 336

7.2 Text Input and Output 337

Reading Words 337

Reading Characters 338

Classifying Characters 338

Reading Lines 339

Scanning a String 340

Converting Strings to Numbers 340

Avoiding Errors When Reading Numbers 340

Mixing Number, Word, and Line Input 341

Formatting Output 342

ST4 Regular Expressions 344

ST5 Reading an Entire File 344

VE1 Computing a Document’s Readability

7.3 Command Line Arguments 345

HT1 Processing Text Files 348

WE1 Analyzing Baby Names

7.4 Exception Handling 352

Throwing Exceptions 352

Catching Exceptions 354

Checked Exceptions 355

Closing Resources 357

ST6 Assertions 360

ST7 The try/finally Statement 360

7.5 APPLICATION Handling Input Errors 361

VE2 Detecting Accounting Fraud

8 Objects and Classes 375

8.1 Object-Oriented Programming 376

8.2 Implementing a Simple Class 378

8.3 Specifying the Public Interface of a Class 381

ST1 The javadoc Utility 384

8.4 Designing the Data Representation 385

8.5 Implementing Instance Methods 386

8.6 Constructors 389

ST2 Overloading 393

8.7 Testing a Class 393

HT1 Implementing a Class 395

WE1 Implementing a Menu Class

VE1 Paying Off a Loan

8.8 Problem Solving: Tracing Objects 399

8.9 Object References 403

Shared References 403

The null Reference 405

The this Reference 405

ST3 Calling One Constructor from Another 408

8.10 Static Variables and Methods 408

8.11 PROBLEM SOLVING Patterns for Object Data 410

Keeping a Total 411

Counting Events 411

Collecting Values 412

Managing Properties of an Object 413

Modeling Objects with Distinct States 413

Describing the Position of an Object 414

VE2 Modeling a Robot Escaping from a Maze

8.12 Packages 417

Organizing Related Classes into Packages 417

Importing Packages 418

Package Names 419

Packages and Source Files 419

ST4 Package Access 421

HT2 Programming with Packages 421

9 Inheritance and Interfaces 437

9.1 Inheritance Hierarchies 438

9.2 Implementing Subclasses 442

9.3 Overriding Methods 446

ST1 Calling the Superclass Constructor 451

9.4 Polymorphism 452

ST2 Dynamic Method Lookup and the Implicit Parameter 455

ST3 Abstract Classes 456

ST4 Final Methods and Classes 457

ST5 Protected Access 458

HT1 Developing an Inheritance Hierarchy 458

WE1 Implementing an Employee Hierarchy for Payroll Processing

VE1 Building a Discussion Board

9.5 Object: The Cosmic Superclass 463

Overriding the toString Method 464

The equals Method 465

The instanceof Operator 466

ST6 Inheritance and the toString Method 468

ST7 Inheritance and the equals Method 469

9.6 Interface Types 470

Defining an Interface 470

Implementing an Interface 472

The Comparable Interface 474

ST8 Constants in Interfaces 476

ST9 Generic Interface Types 476

J81 Static Methods in Interfaces 477

J82 Default Methods 477

ST10 Function Objects 478

J83 Lambda Expressions 479

WE2 Investigating Number Sequences

VE2 Drawing Geometric Shapes

10 Graphical User Interfaces 493

10.1 Frame Windows 494

Displaying a Frame 494

Adding User-Interface Components to a Frame 495

Using Inheritance to Customize Frames 497

ST1 Adding the main Method to the Frame Class 498

10.2 Events and Event Handling 498

Listening to Events 499

Using Inner Classes for Listeners 501

APPLICATION Showing Growth of an Investment 503

ST2 Local Inner Classes 507

ST3 Anonymous Inner Classes 508

J81 Lambda Expressions for Event Handling 509

10.3 Processing Text Input 509

Text Fields 509

Text Areas 511

10.4 Creating Drawings 515

Drawing on a Component 515

Ovals, Lines, Text, and Color 517

APPLICATION Visualizing the Growth of an Investment 520

HT1 Drawing Graphical Shapes 525

WE1 Coding a Bar Chart Creator

VE1 Solving Crossword Puzzles

11 Advanced User Interfaces (Web Only)

11.1 Layout Management

11.2 Choices

Radio Buttons

Check Boxes

Combo Boxes

HT1 Laying Out a User Interface

WE1 Programming a Working Calculator

11.3 Menus

11.4 Exploring the Swing Documentation

11.5 Using Timer Events for Animations

11.6 Mouse Events

ST1 Keyboard Events

ST2 Event Adapters

WE2 Adding Mouse and Keyboard Support to the Bar Chart Creator

VE1 Designing a Baby Naming Program

12 Object-Oriented Design (Web Only)

12.1 Classes and Their Responsibilities

Discovering Classes

The CRC Card Method

Cohesion

12.2 Relationships Between Classes

Dependency

Aggregation

Inheritance

HT1 Using CRC Cards and UML Diagrams in Program Design

ST1 Attributes and Methods in UML Diagrams

ST2 Multiplicities

ST3 Aggregation, Association, and Composition

12.3 APPLICATION Printing an Invoice

Requirements

CRC Cards

UML Diagrams

Method Documentation

Implementation

WE1 Simulating an Automatic Teller Machine

13 Recursion (Web Only)

13.1 Triangle Numbers

HT1 Thinking Recursively

WE1 Finding Files

13.2 Recursive Helper Methods

13.3 The Efficiency of Recursion

13.4 Permutations

13.5 Mutual Recursion

13.6 Backtracking

WE2 Towers of Hanoi

14 Sorting and Searching (Web Only)

14.1 Selection Sort

14.2 Profiling the Selection Sort Algorithm

14.3 Analyzing the Performance of the Selection Sort Algorithm

ST1 Oh, Omega, and Theta

ST2 Insertion Sort

14.4 Merge Sort

14.5 Analyzing the Merge Sort Algorithm

ST3 The Quicksort Algorithm

14.6 Searching

Linear Search

Binary Search

14.7 PROBLEM SOLVING Estimating the Running Time of an Algorithm

Linear Time

Quadratic Time

The Triangle Pattern

Logarithmic Time

14.8 Sorting and Searching in the Java Library

Sorting

Binary Search

Comparing Objects

ST4 The Comparator Interface

J81 Comparators with Lambda Expressions

WE1 Enhancing the Insertion Sort Algorithm

15 The JAVA Collections Framework (Web Only)

15.1 An Overview of the Collections Framework

15.2 Linked Lists

The Structure of Linked Lists

The LinkedList Class of the Java

Collections Framework

List Iterators

15.3 Sets

Choosing a Set Implementation

Working with Sets

15.4 Maps

J81 Updating Map Entries

HT1 Choosing a Collection

WE1 Word Frequency

ST1 Hash Functions

15.5 Stacks, Queues, and Priority Queues

Stacks

Queues

Priority Queues

15.6 Stack and Queue Applications

Balancing Parentheses

Evaluating Reverse Polish Expressions

Evaluating Algebraic Expressions

Backtracking

WE2 Simulating a Queue of Waiting Customers

VE1 Building a Table of Contents

ST2 Reverse Polish Notation

Appendix A The Basic Latin and Latin-1 Subsets of Unicode A-1

Appendix B JAVA Operator Summary A-5

Appendix C JAVA Reserved Word Summary A-7

Appendix D The JAVA Library A-9

Appendix E JAVA Language Coding Guidelines

Appendix F Tool Summary

Appendix G Number Systems

Appendix H UML Summary

Appendix I JAVA Syntax Summary

Appendix J HTML Summary

Glossary G-1

Index I-1

Credits C-1

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