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Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Empowering People (with InfoTrac)

by: Zastrow, Charles

Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Empowering People (with InfoTrac)

by: Zastrow, Charles

ISBN 13: 9780534608224
ISBN 10: 0534608221
Edition: 8th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 07/03/2003
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Summary

Part I: INTRODUCTION: SOCIAL WELFARE AND SOCIAL WORK. 1. Social Welfare: Its Business, History, and Future. 2. Social Work as a Profession and a Career. 3. Generalist Social Work Practice. Part II: SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND SOCIAL SERVICES. 4. Poverty and Public Welfare. 5. Emotional/Behavioral Problems and Counseling. 6. Family Problems and Services to Families. 7. Sexual Orientation, Sexual Concerns, and Sex Counseling. 8. Drug Abuse and Drug Treatment Programs. 9. Crime, Juvenile Delinquency, and Correctional Services. 10. Problems in Education and School Social Work. 11. Work-Related Problems and Social Work in the Workplace. 12. Racism, Ethnocentrism, and Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice. 13. Sexism and Efforts for Achieving Equality. 14. Aging and Gerontological Services. 15. Health Problems and Medical Social Services. 16. Physical and Mental Disabilities and Rehabilitation. 17. Overpopulation, Misuse of the Environment, and Family Planning. Appendix. Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers.

Preface

xvii

PART 1 Introduction: Social Welfare and Social Work

(124)

Social Welfare: Its Business, History, and Future

(41)

Goal of Social Welfare

(1)

Social Welfare as an Institution and as a Discipline

(1)

Social Welfare's Relationship to Sociology and to Other Academic Disciplines

(1)

Social Welfare's Relationship to Social Work

(1)

Social Welfare's Relationship to Other Institutions

(1)

Social Welfare's Relationship to Human Services

(1)

Residual View versus Institutional View of Social Welfare

(2)

Liberalism versus Conservatism

(1)

Developmental View of Social Welfare

(1)

History of Social Welfare

(9)

Early European History

(1)

The Elizabethan Poor Law

(1)

The Industrial Revolution

(1)

Turn of the 20th Century

(1)

The Great Depression and the Social Security Act

(2)

The Great Society and War on Poverty

(2)

Conservatism in the 1970s and 1980s

(1)

A Move toward Liberalism--and Back--in the 1990s

(1)

The Devolution Revolution

(1)

Compassionate Conservatism

(1)

Where Do We Stand Today?

(1)

The Future

(1)

Dramatic Changes Foreseen in the American Family

(17)

Biomedical Technology

(8)

New Family Forms

(7)

Concluding Comments

(2)

Summary

(1)

On the Internet

(1)

Notes

(2)

Social Work as a Profession and a Career

(27)

A Brief History of Social Work

(2)

A Multiskilled Profession

(3)

A Problem-Solving Approach

(1)

Generalist Social Work Practice

(1)

Micro-, Mezzo-, and Macropractice

(4)

Social Casework

(1)

Case Management

(1)

Group Work

(2)

Group Therapy

(1)

Family Therapy

(1)

Community Organization

(1)

Administration

(1)

A Medical versus a Systems Model of Human Behavior

(1)

An Ecological Model of Human Behavior

(1)

Goals of Social Work Practice

(2)

Goal 1: Enhance the Problem-Solving, Coping, and Developmental Capacities of People

(1)

Goal 2: Link People with Systems That Provide Them with Resources, Services, and Opportunities

(1)

Goal 3: Promote the Effectiveness and Humane Operation of Systems That Provide People with Resources and Services

(1)

Goal 4: Develop and Improve Social Policy

(1)

Goal 5: Enhance Human Well-Being and Alleviate Poverty, Oppression, and Other Forms of Social Injustice

(1)

Goal 6: Pursue Policies, Services, and Resources through Advocacy and Social or Political Actions That Promote Social and Economic Justice

(1)

Goal 7: Develop and Use Research, Knowledge, and Skills That Advance Social Work Practice

(1)

Goal 8: Develop and Apply Practice in the Context of Diverse Cultures

(1)

The Strengths Perspective and Empowerment

(2)

Social Work Stereotypes

(1)

Employment Settings and Opportunities in Social Work

(2)

Private Practice of Social Work

(1)

International Social Work

(3)

Self-Awareness and Identity Development

(3)

Identity Formation

(1)

Questions for Arriving at a Sense of Identity

(2)

Summary

(1)

On the Internet

(1)

Notes

(2)

Generalist Social Work Practice

(54)

Generalist Social Work Practice Defined

(1)

The Change Process

(4)

Phase 1: Engaging Clients in an Appropriate Working Relationship

(1)

Phase 2: Identifying Issues, Problems, Needs, Resources, and Assets

(1)

Phase 3: Collecting and Assessing Information

(1)

Phase 4: Planning for Service Delivery

(1)

Phase 5: Using Communication Skills, Supervision, and Consultation

(1)

Phase 6: Identifying, Analyzing, and Implementing Empirically Based Interventions Designed to Achieve Client Goals

(1)

Phase 7: Applying Empirical Knowledge and Technological Advances

(1)

Phase 8: Evaluating Program Outcomes and Practice Effectiveness

(1)

A Variety of Roles

(2)

Social Work with Individuals

(1)

Social Work with Families

(3)

Family Problems

(1)

Satir's Family Therapy Approach

(2)

Social Work with Groups

(9)

Social Work with Organizations

(4)

Social Work with the Community

(6)

A Brief History of Community Practice

(1)

Models of Community Practice

(4)

Knowledge, Skills, and Values for Social Work Practice

101

(12)

Knowledge Base

101

(3)

Skill Base

104

(2)

Value Base

106

(7)

Social Work Education

113

(7)

Two-Year Associate Programs

113

(3)

Undergraduate and Graduate Education

116

(2)

Goals of Professional Social Work Education

118

(1)

Objectives of Professional Social Work Education

118

(2)

Summary

120

(2)

On the Internet

122

(1)

Notes

122

(3)

PART 2 Social Problems and Social Services

125

(478)

Poverty and Public Welfare

127

(30)

The Problem

128

(1)

A Brief History of Our Response to the Poor

128

(4)

The Rich and the Poor

132

(2)

Defining Poverty Is a Policy Problem

134

(2)

Who Are the Poor?

136

(2)

Causes of Poverty

138

(1)

The Culture of Poverty

138

(2)

Functions of Poverty

140

(1)

Social Insurance Programs

141

(1)

Old Age, Survivors, Disability, and Health Insurance (OASDHI)

141

(1)

Medicare

141

(1)

Unemployment Insurance

142

(1)

Workers' Compensation Insurance

142

(1)

Public Assistance Programs

142

(6)

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

143

(1)

General Assistance

144

(1)

Medicaid

144

(1)

Food Stamps

144

(1)

Housing Assistance

144

(1)

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families

145

(3)

Proposed Welfare Alternatives

148

(3)

Offer Family Allowances

148

(1)

Guarantee a Basic Annual Income

149

(1)

Eliminate or Reduce the Causes of Poverty

150

(1)

Social Work and Public Welfare

151

(3)

Working with Discouraged People

151

(1)

The Future

152

(2)

Summary

154

(1)

On the Internet

155

(1)

Notes

155

(2)

Emotional/Behavioral Problems and Counseling

157

(35)

A Perspective on Emotional and Behavioral Problems

158

(1)

Nature and Extent of Emotional and Behavioral Problems

159

(1)

What Is Mental Illness?

159

(9)

Medical Model

159

(3)

Interactional Model

162

(6)

Labeling as the Cause of Chronic ``Mental Illness''

168

(1)

Other Issues

169

(5)

The Homeless

169

(1)

Civil Rights

170

(1)

Plea of Innocent by Reason of Insanity

171

(1)

Use of Psychotropic Drugs

172

(1)

Managed Mental Health Care

172

(2)

Social Structure and Mental Illness

174

(2)

Treatment

176

(2)

Brief History

176

(2)

Current Trends

178

(1)

Treatment Facilities: Community Mental Health Centers

178

(1)

Social Work and Mental Health

179

(1)

Counseling

180

(9)

How to Counsel

180

(4)

Comprehensive and Specialized Counseling Approaches

184

(5)

Summary

189

(1)

On the Internet

190

(1)

Notes

190

(2)

Family Problems and Services to Families

192

(46)

Diverse Family Forms

193

(1)

The American Family: Past and Present

194

(3)

The Family in Preindustrial Society

194

(1)

The Family in Industrial Society

195

(2)

Problems in the Family

197

(36)

Divorce

197

(6)

Empty-Shell Marriages

203

(1)

Violence in Families

204

(14)

Sexual Abuse of Children

218

(4)

Births Outside of Marriage

222

(5)

Rape

227

(6)

Summary

233

(2)

On the Internet

235

(1)

Notes

235

(3)

Sexual Orientation, Sexual Concerns, and Sex Counseling

238

(28)

Sex in History and in Other Cultures

239

(4)

Formal Study of Sex

243

(2)

Sigmund Freud

243

(1)

Alfred Kinsey

243

(1)

William Masters and Virginia Johnson

244

(1)

Variances Rather Than Sexual Problems

245

(1)

Sexual Orientation

246

(12)

Some Definitions

246

(1)

Myths and Facts about Gays and Lesbians

246

(5)

Incidence of Homosexuality

251

(1)

Causes of Sexual Orientation

251

(1)

Life Experiences of Gays and Lesbians

252

(4)

Current Issues for Gays and Lesbians

256

(2)

Social Work with Gays and Lesbians

258

(1)

Personal Sexual Concerns

258

(1)

Sex Counseling and Sex Therapy

259

(3)

Summary

262

(2)

On the Internet

264

(1)

Notes

264

(2)

Drug Abuse and Drug Treatment Programs

266

(39)

Drugs and Drug Abuse

267

(1)

A Brief History of Our Drug-Taking Society

268

(1)

Sociological Theories of Drug Abuse

269

(2)

Anomie Theory

269

(1)

Labeling Theory

270

(1)

Differential Association

270

(1)

Drug Subcultures

271

(1)

Facts about and Effects of Commonly Used Drugs

271

(20)

Depressants

271

(11)

Stimulants

282

(3)

Narcotics

285

(3)

Hallucinogens

288

(1)

Tobacco

288

(1)

Marijuana

289

(1)

Anabolic Steroids

290

(1)

Rehabilitation Programs

291

(6)

Alcohol Treatment Programs

291

(2)

Other Drug Treatment Programs

293

(4)

Understanding and Treating Codependency

297

(1)

Suggestions for Curbing Drug Abuse in the Future

297

(5)

Educational Programs

297

(2)

Prevention of Illegal Drug Trafficking Across Borders

299

(1)

Employee Drug-Testing Programs

299

(1)

Stricter Laws and Enforcement

300

(1)

Decriminalization of Drug Use

300

(1)

The British Approach

301

(1)

Summary

302

(1)

On the Internet

303

(1)

Notes

303

(2)

Crime, Juvenile Delinquency, and Correctional Services

305

(43)

Nature and Extent of Crime

306

(4)

What Is Crime?

306

(1)

How Extensive Is Crime?

306

(1)

Who Is Arrested?

307

(1)

How Accurate Are Official Crime Statistics?

308

(2)

Crime Causation Theories

310

(8)

Early Theories

310

(2)

Physical and Mental Trait Theories

312

(1)

Psychological Theories

313

(1)

Sociological Theories

314

(4)

Usefulness of Theories

318

(1)

Types of Crime

318

(8)

Organized Crime

318

(2)

White-Collar Crime

320

(2)

Public-Order Crimes

322

(1)

Sex Offenses

322

(1)

Homicide and Assault

323

(1)

Theft

323

(2)

Juvenile Delinquency

325

(1)

The Criminal Justice System

326

(8)

The Police

327

(1)

The Courts

328

(1)

Correctional Systems

329

(5)

How to Reduce Crime and Delinquency

334

(6)

Increasing or Decreasing Sentences

335

(2)

Reforming the Correctional System

337

(3)

Preventing Crime

340

(1)

Social Work and the Criminal Justice System

340

(5)

Role of Social Work

340

(4)

Factors Influencing Treatment

344

(1)

Summary

345

(1)

On the Internet

346

(1)

Notes

346

(2)

Problems in Education and School Social Work

348

(30)

Problematic Areas in Education

349

(9)

The Question of Quality

349

(2)

Equal Access to Quality Education

351

(4)

Confusion about the Goals of Education

355

(1)

Intolerable Working Conditions for Some Teachers

356

(2)

Strategies to Improve Education

358

(4)

Increase Incentives for Teachers

358

(1)

Improve the Curriculum

358

(2)

Allow Parental Choice of Schools

360

(1)

Extend the School Year

361

(1)

Expand Preschool Programs

361

(1)

Toward Equal Educational Opportunity

362

(3)

Reform of School Financing

362

(1)

Compensatory Education

362

(2)

Effective Integration

364

(1)

School Social Workers: A Response to Crisis

365

(10)

The Nature of Behavior

365

(1)

Traditional School Social Work Roles

366

(2)

Newer School Social Work Roles

368

(7)

Summary

375

(1)

On the Internet

376

(1)

Notes

376

(2)

Work-Related Problems and Social Work in the Workplace

378

(27)

A Brief History of Work

379

(1)

Trends in the American Workforce

380

(5)

Increase in White-Collar Workers

381

(1)

Emergence of an Employee Society

381

(1)

Specialization

381

(1)

Changes in the Sex and Age of the Labor Force

382

(1)

Emphasis on Intrinsic Rewards

382

(1)

Emphasis on High Technology

382

(1)

The Growth of Low-Paying Jobs

383

(1)

Outsourcing in a Global Factory

384

(1)

Problems in the Work Setting

385

(11)

Alienation

385

(4)

Unemployment

389

(5)

Occupational Health Hazards

394

(2)

Social Work in the Workplace

396

(5)

A Brief History

396

(1)

The Present Status of Social Work in the Workplace

397

(1)

Employee Assistance Programs

398

(3)

Summary

401

(2)

On the Internet

403

(1)

Notes

403

(2)

Racism, Ethnocentrism, and Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice

405

(37)

Ethnic Groups and Ethnocentrism

406

(1)

Race and Racism

406

(1)

Prejudice, Discrimination, and Oppression

407

(6)

Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes

408

(1)

Racial and Ethnic Discrimination

408

(1)

Race as a Social Concept

409

(1)

Institutional Racism and Institutional Discrimination

410

(1)

Causes of Racial Discrimination and Oppression

411

(2)

The Effects and Costs of Discrimination and Oppression

413

(1)

Background of Racial Groups

414

(10)

African Americans

415

(3)

Latinos

418

(4)

Native Americans

422

(1)

Asian Americans

423

(1)

Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice

424

(7)

Mass Media Appeals

424

(1)

Greater Interaction among the Races

425

(1)

Civil Rights Laws

425

(1)

Activism

425

(1)

School Busing

426

(1)

Affirmative Action Programs

427

(2)

Confrontation of Racist and Ethnic Remarks and Actions

429

(1)

Minority-Owned Businesses

429

(1)

Confrontation of the Problems in Inner Cities

429

(2)

Grassroots Organizations

431

(1)

Ethnic-Sensitive Social Work Practice

431

(4)

Empowerment

431

(1)

Strengths Perspective

432

(1)

Culturally Competent Practice

433

(2)

The Future of American Race and Ethnic Relations

435

(3)

Summary

438

(1)

On the Internet

439

(1)

Notes

439

(3)

Sexism and Efforts for Achieving Equality

442

(31)

History of Sex Roles and Sexism

443

(4)

Sexual Harassment

447

(2)

Traditional Sex-Role Expectations

449

(1)

Is There a Biological Basis for Sexism?

450

(1)

Sex-Role Socialization

451

(3)

Consequences of Sexism

454

(4)

Effects on Occupation and Income

454

(2)

Effects on Human Interactions

456

(2)

Recent Developments and a Look to the Future

458

(3)

Sexism and Social Work

461

(6)

Social Work's Response to Women's Issues

461

(1)

The Feminist Perspective on Therapy

462

(5)

Future Directions of the Women's Movement

467

(2)

Summary

469

(1)

On the Internet

470

(1)

Notes

470

(3)

Aging and Gerontological Services

473

(32)

An Overview

474

(1)

A ``Recently Discovered'' Minority Group

474

(2)

Definitions of Later Adulthood

476

(3)

An Increasing Elderly Population

477

(1)

The ``Old Old''--The Fastest-Growing Age Group

478

(1)

Problems Faced by the Elderly

479

(15)

Low Status

479

(1)

Early Retirement

479

(5)

Societal Emphasis on Youth

484

(1)

Health Problems and Costs of Health Care

484

(1)

Financial Problems

485

(1)

Loss of Family and Friends

486

(1)

Substandard Housing

486

(1)

Transportation

486

(1)

Crime Victimization

486

(1)

Sexuality in Later Adulthood

487

(3)

Malnutrition

490

(1)

Depression and Other Emotional Problems

490

(1)

Death

491

(3)

Parent Abuse

494

(1)

Current Services

494

(4)

Older Americans Act of 1965

495

(1)

Nursing Homes

496

(2)

Social Work and the Elderly

498

(1)

The Emergence of the Elderly as a Powerful Political Force

499

(1)

Development of Social Roles for the Elderly

499

(2)

Preparation for Later Adulthood

501

(1)

Summary

502

(1)

On the Internet

503

(1)

Notes

503

(2)

Health Problems and Medical Social Services

505

(33)

Physical Illnesses and the Health-Care System

506

(1)

Problems in Health Care

507

(15)

Service Orientation versus Profit Orientation

507

(1)

Emphasis on Treatment Rather Than on Prevention

508

(3)

Unequal Access to Health Services

511

(1)

Low-Quality Health Care for the Elderly

512

(1)

AIDS

513

(5)

Unnecessary or Harmful Care

518

(2)

Controversy over the Use of Life-Sustaining Equipment

520

(1)

The High Cost of Medical Care

520

(2)

Financing Medical Care

522

(1)

Medicaid

522

(1)

Medicare

522

(1)

Private Insurance

523

(1)

Improving the Current System

523

(4)

Holding Down Costs

524

(1)

Preventative Medicine and Managed Care

524

(1)

Additional Health-Care Proposals

525

(2)

Establishing a National Health Insurance Program in the United States

527

(1)

Medical Social Work

527

(4)

Counseling the Terminally Ill

531

(3)

Summary

534

(2)

On the Internet

536

(1)

Notes

536

(2)

Physical and Mental Disabilities and Rehabilitation

538

(26)

History of Rehabilitation Practices

539

(3)

Developmental Disabilities

542

(4)

Autism

542

(1)

Cognitive Disability

542

(4)

Society's Reactions to Disabilities

546

(1)

Current Services

547

(3)

Rehabilitation Centers

547

(1)

Educational Programs

548

(1)

Residential Programs

549

(1)

Day-Care Centers

549

(1)

Hospital Services

549

(1)

Home Services

549

(1)

Federal and State Assistance Programs

549

(1)

Roles of Social Workers

550

(4)

Counseling Clients

551

(1)

Counseling Families

551

(1)

Taking Social Histories

551

(1)

Serving as Case Manager

551

(1)

Serving as Liaison between the Family and the Agency

551

(3)

Being a Broker

554

(1)

Doing Discharge Planning

554

(1)

Reactions to Having a Disability

554

(7)

The Grieving Process

555

(4)

Facilitating the Grieving Process

559

(2)

Summary

561

(1)

On the Internet

562

(1)

Notes

562

(2)

Overpopulation, Misuse of the Environment, and Family Planning

564

(39)

The Population Crisis

565

(12)

Doubling Time and Population Growth

565

(1)

Doubling Time and Developing Countries

565

(2)

An Optimal Population Size

567

(1)

Problems of Overpopulation

568

(6)

The Theory of Demographic Transition

574

(1)

Problem Attitudes and Values

574

(1)

Two Countries with Severe Population Problems

575

(2)

Environmental Problems

577

(6)

Despoilment of the Land

577

(1)

Waste Disposal

578

(1)

Air Pollution

579

(1)

Radioactive Leaks from Nuclear Power Plants

580

(1)

Nuclear War

580

(2)

Water Pollution

582

(1)

Acid Rain

582

(1)

General Pollutants

582

(1)

What Needs to Be Done

583

(14)

Confronting Overpopulation

584

(1)

The Abortion Controversy

585

(5)

Providing Family Planning Services

590

(3)

Confronting Environmental Problems

593

(4)

Social Work and Family Planning

597

(1)

Summary

598

(2)

On the Internet

600

(1)

Notes

600

(3)

Epilogue: Your Future in Combating Human Problems

603

(1)

Appendix: Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers

604

(14)

Photo Credits

618

(2)

Name Index

620

(8)

Subject Index

628

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Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Empowering People (with InfoTrac)

Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Empowering People (with InfoTrac)

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Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Empowering People (with InfoTrac)

Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Empowering People (with InfoTrac)

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Table of Contents

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