Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Introduction to Chemical Processes: Principles, Analysis, Synthesis

by: Murphy, Regina

Introduction to Chemical Processes: Principles, Analysis, Synthesis

by: Murphy, Regina

ISBN 13:
9780072849608
ISBN 10:
0072849606
Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/30/2005
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Newer Edition

New From $241.58

Sorry, this item is currently unavailable.

List Price $244.01 Save $2.43

New $241.58

Usually Ships in 3-4 Business Days

We Buy This Book Back!

Included with your book

Free Shipping On Every Order

Add to Cart

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

Extend or Purchase Your Rental at Any Time

Need to keep your rental past your due date? At any time before your due date you can extend or purchase your rental through your account.

Summary

Introduction to Chemical Processes: Principles, Analysis, Synthesis enhances student understanding of the connection between the chemistry and the process. Users will find strong coverage of chemistry, gain a solid understanding of what chemical processes do (convert raw materials into useful products using energy and other resources), and learn about the ways in which chemical engineers make decisions and balance constraints to come up with new processes and products. The author presents material and energy balances as tools to achieve a real goal: workable, economical, and safe chemical processes and products.Loaded with intriguing pedagogy, this text is essential to a students first course in Chemical Engineering.Additional resources intended to guide users are also available as package options, including the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software, ChemSkill Builder and the well-known Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook.

Preface

xvi

List of Nomenclature

xxvi

List of Important Equations

xxix

Converting the Earth's Resources into Useful Products

(56)

Introduction

(1)

Raw Materials

(3)

Balanced Chemical Reaction Equations

(5)

Example 1.1 Balanced Chemical Reaction Equation: Nitric Acid Synthesis

Example 1.2 Balanced Chemical Reaction Equations: Adipic Acid Synthesis

Generation-Consumption Analysis

(7)

Example 1.3 Generation-Consumption Analysis: The LeBlanc Process

Example 1.4 Generation-Consumption Analysis: The Solvay Process

Example 1.5 Generation-Consumption Analysis: Ammonia Synthesis

A First Look at Material Balances and Process Economics

(39)

Mass, Moles, and Molar Mass

(1)

Atom Economy

(4)

Example 1.6 Atom Economy: LeBlanc versus Solvay

Example 1.7 Atom Economy: Improved Synthesis of 4-ADPA

Process Economy

(2)

Example 1.8 Process Economy: The Solvay Process

Process Capacities and Product Values

(1)

Case Study: Six-Carbon Chemistry

(10)

Summary

(2)

ChemiStory: Changing Salt into Soap

(1)

Quick Quiz Answers

(1)

References and Recommended Readings

(1)

Chapter 1 Problems

(16)

Process Flows: Variables, Diagrams, Balances

(112)

Introduction

(1)

Process Variables

(8)

A Brief Review of Dimensions and Units

(2)

Mass, Moles, and Composition

(2)

Temperature and Pressure

(1)

Volume, Density, and Concentration

(2)

Flowrates

(1)

Chemical Process Flow Sheets

(8)

Input-Output Flow Diagrams

(1)

Block Flow Diagrams

(2)

Process Flow Diagrams (PFD)

(3)

Modes of Process Operation

(1)

Process Flow Calculations

(29)

Definitions

(2)

Material Balance Equations

(3)

A Systematic Procedure for Process Flow Calculations

(1)

Helpful Hints for Process Flow Calculations

(2)

A Plethora of Problems

(20)

Example 2.1 Mixers: Battery Acid Production

Example 2.2 Reactors: Ammonia Synthesis

Example 2.3 Separators: Fruit Juice Concentration

Example 2.4 Splitters: Fruit Juice Processing

Example 2.5 Elements as Components: Ibuprofen Analysis

Example 2.6 Separation with Accumulation: Air Drying

Example 2.7 Reaction with Accumulation: Light from a Chip

Degree of Freedom Analysis

104

(8)

Example 2.8 DOF Analysis: Ammonia Synthesis

Example 2.9 DOF Analysis: Light from a Chip

Example 2.10 DOF Analysis: Battery Acid Production

Example 2.11 DOF Analysis: Eat Your Greens!

Process Flow Calculations with Multiple

112

(57)

Process Units

112

(9)

Example 2.12 Multiple Process Units: Toxin Accumulation

Example 2.13 Multiple Process Units: Adipic Acid Manufacture from Glucose

Synthesizing Block Flow Diagrams

121

(3)

Example 2.14 Synthesizing Block Flow Diagrams: Adipic Acid Process

The Art of Approximating

124

(1)

Degree of Freedom Analysis for Block Flow Diagrams with Multiple Process Units

125

(2)

Example 2.15 DOF Analysis: Adipic Acid Production

Case Study: Evolution of a Greener Process

127

(9)

Summary

136

(1)

ChemiStory: Guano and the Guns of August

137

(4)

Quick Quiz Answers

141

(1)

References and Recommended Readings

141

(1)

Chapter 2 Problems

142

(27)

Mathematical Analysis of Material Balance Equations and Process Flow Sheets

169

(94)

Introduction

170

(1)

The Material Balance Equation---Again

170

(30)

Conservation of Mass and the Material Balance Equation

171

(5)

Example 3.1 Decomposition Reactions

General Forms of the Differential Material Balance Equations

176

(6)

Example 3.2 Mass Balances: Sugar Dissolution

Example 3.3 Mass Balances: Glucose Consumption in a Fermentor

Example 3.4 Mole Balances: Manufacture of Urea

Example 3.5 Mole Balances: Urea Manufacture from Cheaper Reactants

Degree of Freedom Analysis

182

(4)

Example 3.6 DOF Analysis: Urea Synthesis from Cheaper Reactants

Example 3.7 Differential Material Balance Equation with Multiple Chemical Reactions at Steady State: Benzene into Catechol

General Forms of the Integral Material Balance Equations

186

(7)

Example 3.8 Integral Equation: Blending and Shipping

Example 3.9 Integral Equation with Unsteady Flow: Jammin' with Cherries

A Few More Problems

193

(7)

Example 3.10 Integral Equation with Unsteady Flow and Chemical Reaction: Controlled Drug Release

Example 3.11 Differential Equation with Unsteady Flow and Chemical Reaction: Glucose Utilization in a Fermentor

Linear Equations and Chemical Reactions (Optional Section)

200

(13)

Linear Equations, Linear Independence, Solution Existence, and Solution Uniqueness

201

(3)

Using Matrices to Balance Chemical Reactions

204

(3)

Example 3.12 Balancing Chemical Equations with Matrix Math: Adipic Acid

Using Matrices in Generation-Consumption Analysis

207

(3)

Example 3.13 Generation-Consumption Analysis Using Matrix Math: Nitric Acid Synthesis

Using Matrices to Find Linearly Independent Chemical Equations

210

(3)

Linear Models of Process Flow Sheets (Optional Section)

213

(1)

Linear Models of Single Process Units

214

(49)

Example 3.14 Linear Model of a Mixer: Sweet Mix

Example 3.15 Linear Model of a Splitter: Sweet Split

Example 3.16 Linear Model of a Reactor: Glucose-Fructose Isomerization

Example 3.17 Linear Model of a Reactor: Multiple Reactions

Example 3.18 Linear Model of a Separator: Sweet Solutions

Process Topology

226

(8)

Example 3.19 Linear Models with Multiple Process Units and Recycle: Taking an old Plant out of Mothballs

Case Study: Manufacture of Nylon-6,6

234

(10)

Summary

244

(2)

ChemiStory: Of Toothbrushes and Hosiery

246

(3)

Quick Quiz Answers

249

(1)

References & Recommended Reading

249

(1)

Chapter 3 Problems

249

(14)

Synthesis of Reactor Flow Sheets and Selection of Reactor Process Conditions

263

(102)

Introduction

264

(7)

Industrially Important Chemical Reactions

264

(2)

Heuristics for Selecting Chemical Reactions

266

(1)

A Brief Review: Generation-Consumption Analysis and Atom Economy

266

(3)

Example 4.1 Generation-Consumption and Atom Economy: Improved Synthesis of Ibuprofen

Reactor Design Variables

269

(2)

Reactor Material Balance Equations

271

(11)

Reactors with Known Reaction Stoichiometry

271

(7)

Example 4.2 Continuous-Flow Steady-State Reactor with Known Stoichiometry: Combustion of Natural Gas

Example 4.3 Batch Reactor with Known Reaction Stoichiometry: Ibuprofen Synthesis

Example 4.4 Semibatch Reactor with Known Reaction Stoichiometry: Ibuprofen Synthesis

Reactors with Unknown Reaction Stoichiometry

278

(4)

Example 4.5 Material Balance Equation with Elements: Combustion of Natural Gas

Example 4.6 Mass Rates of Reaction: Microbial Degradation of Soil Contaminants

Stream Composition and System Performance Specifications for Reactors

282

(22)

Stream Composition Specification: Excess and Limiting Reactants

284

(3)

Example 4.7 Excess Reactants: A Badly Maintained Furnace

System Performance Specification: Fractional Conversion

287

(3)

Example 4.8 Fractional Conversion: Ammonia Synthesis

Example 4.9 Effect of Conversion on Reactor Flows: Ammonia Synthesis

Fractional Conversion and Its Effect on Reactor Flow Sheet Synthesis: Recycle

290

(4)

Example 4.10 Low Conversion and Recycle: Ammonia Synthesis

Fractional Conversion and Its Effect on Reactor Flow Sheet Synthesis: Recycle and Purge

294

(4)

Example 4.11 Recycle with Purge: Ammonia Synthesis

System Performance Specifications: Selectivity and Yield

298

(6)

Example 4.12 Selectivity and Yield Definitions: Acetaldehyde Synthesis

Example 4.13 Using Selectivity in Process Flow Calculations: Acetaldehyde Synthesis

Why Reactors Aren't Perfect: Chemical Equilibrium and Chemical Kinetics

304

(61)

The Chemical Reaction Equilibrium Constant Ka

304

(3)

Example 4.14 Deriving Equations for Ka: Three Cases

Calculating Ka

307

(7)

Example 4.15 Calculating Ka: Ethyl Acetate Synthesis

Example 4.16 Chemical Equilibrium Considerations in Selection of Reaction Pathway: Safer Routes to Dimethyl Carbonate

Chemical Reaction Equilibrium and Reactor Performance

314

(9)

Example 4.17 Reactor Performance and Ka: Ammonia Synthesis

Example 4.18 Equilibrium Conversion as a Function of T and P: Ammonia Synthesis

Example 4.19 Multiple Chemical Equilibria and Reactor T: NOx Formation.

Chemical Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Performance (Optional Section)

323

(4)

Example 4.20 Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Performance: Vegetable Processing

Case Study: Hydrogen and Methanol

327

(8)

Summary

335

(2)

ChemiStory: Quit Bugging Me

337

(3)

Quick Quiz Answers

340

(1)

References and Recommended Readings

340

(1)

Chapter 4 Problems

341

(24)

Selection of Separation Technologies and Synthesis of Separation Flow Sheets

365

(130)

Introduction

366

(13)

Physical Property Differences: The Basis for All Separations

366

(1)

Example 5.1 Physical Property Differences: Separating Salt From Sugar

Mixtures and Phases

367

(2)

Classification of Separation Technologies

369

(4)

Heuristics for Selecting and Sequencing Separation Technologies

373

(6)

Example 5.2 Selection of Separation Technology: Separating Benzene from Toluene

Example 5.3 Selection of Separation Technology: Cleaning up Off-Gas from a Printing Press

Example 5.4 Sequencing of Separation Technologies: Aromatics and Acid

Separator Material Balance Equations

379

(7)

Example 5.5 Semibatch Mechanical Separation: Filtration of Beer Solids

Example 5.6 Rate-Based Separation: Membranes for Kidney Dialysis

Stream Composition and System Performance Specifications for Separators

386

(12)

Example 5.7 Defining Separator Performance Specifications: Separating Benzene from Toluene

Example 5.8 Purity and Recovery Specifications in Process Flow Calculations: Separating Benzene and Toluene

Example 5.9 Fractional Recovery in Rate-Based Separations: Membranes for Kidney Dialysis

Recycling in Separation Flow Sheets

394

(4)

Example 5.10 Separation with Recycle: Separating Sugar Isomers

Why Separators Aren't Perfect: Entrainment and Equilibrium

398

(5)

Entrainment: Incomplete Mechanical Separation

398

(3)

Example 5.11 Accounting for Entrainment: Coffee Making

Phase Equilibrium and the Equilibrium Stage

401

(2)

An Exhausting (but Not Exhaustive) Look at Phase Equilibrium

403

(20)

The Gibbs Phase Rule

404

(1)

Single-Component Phase Equilibrium

405

(3)

Multicomponent Phase Equilibrium

408

(15)

Example 5.12 Using Raoult's Law: Dew Point and Bubble Point Temperatures of Hexane-Heptane Mixtures

Equilibrium-Based Separations

423

(72)

Crystallization

425

(4)

Example 5.13 Process Flow Calculations with Liquid-Solid Equilibrium Data: Potassium Nitrate Crystallization

Example 5.14 Entrainment Effects in Equilibrium-Based Separations: Separation of Benzene and Naphthalene by Crystallization

Evaporation, Condensation, and Equilibrium Flash

429

(5)

Example 5.15 Process Flow Calculations with Raoult's Law: Dehumidification of Air by Condensation

Example 5.16 Process Flow Calculations with Raoult's Law: Equilibrium Flash of a Hexane/Heptane Mixture

Example 5.17 Vapor-Liquid Separations with Nonideal Solutions: Equilibrium Flash Separation of Ethanol-Water Mixture

Distillation (Optional)

434

(3)

Example 5.18 The Power of Multistaging: Distillation versus Equilibrium Flash for Hexane/Heptane Separation

Absorption, Adsorption, and Extraction

437

(9)

Example 5.19 Process Flow Calculations Using Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Data: Cleaning up Dirty Air by Absorption

Example 5.20 Process Flow Calculations Using Adsorption Isotherms: Monoclonal Antibody Purification

Example 5.21 Process Flow Calculations Using Liquid-Liquid Distribution Coefficients: Cleanup of Wastewater Stream by Solvent Extraction

Example 5.22 Process Flow Calculations Using Triangular Phase Diagrams: Separating Acetic Acid from Water

Multistaged Separations Using Material Separating Agents (Optional)

446

(5)

Example 5.23 The Power of Multistaging: Recovery of Acetic Acid from Wastewater

Case Study: Scrubbing Sour Gas

451

(6)

Summary

457

(1)

ChemiStory: How Sweet It Is

458

(3)

Quick Quiz Answers

461

(1)

References and Recommended Readings

462

(1)

Chapter 5 Problems

462

(33)

Process Energy Calculations and Synthesis of Safe and Efficient Energy Flow Sheets

495

(126)

Introduction

496

(8)

Energy Sources

496

(3)

Energy Distribution: Electricity, Heating Fluids, and Cooling Fluids

499

(1)

Energy Transfer Equipment

500

(2)

A Brief Review of Energy-Related Dimensions and Units

502

(2)

Process Energy Calculations: The Basics

504

(3)

The Energy Balance Equation

504

(1)

System Energy, Energy Flows, Specific Energy

505

(2)

Putting a Number on Energy: Energy Data and Model Equations

507

(14)

Two Forms of Energy: Kinetic and Potential

508

(3)

Example 6.1 Kinetic and Potential Energy: Toddler Troubles

Example 6.2 Change in Potential Energy: Snow Melt

Example 6.3 Change in Kinetic Energy of a Stream: Thomas Edison or Rube Goldberg?

A Third Kind of Energy and a Convenience Function: Internal Energy and Enthalpy

511

(1)

Using Tables and Graphs to Find U and H

512

(9)

Example 6.4 Using Steam Tables to Find H: Several Cases

Example 6.5 Using Steam Tables: Pumping Water, Compressing Steam

Example 6.6 Comparing Kinetic, Potential, and Internal Energy: Frequent Flyer

Example 6.7 Using Enthalpy-Composition Graphs: Ammonia-Water Mixtures

Using Model Equations to Find U and H

521

(15)

Example 6.8 Enthalpy Calculations: Enthalpy of Vaporization of Water at High Pressure

Example 6.9 Enthalpy Calculations: Enthalpy of Reaction at High Temperature

Minisummary

535

(1)

Energy Flows: Heat and Work

536

(2)

The Energy Balance Equation---Again

538

(2)

Process Energy Calculations

540

(20)

A Systematic Procedure for Process Energy Calculations

540

(1)

Helpful Hints for Process Energy Calculations

541

(1)

A Plethora of Problems

542

(18)

Example 6.10 Potential Energy into Work: Water over the Dam

Example 6.11 Integral Energy Balance with a Closed System: Unplugging the Frozen Pipes

Example 6.12 Temperature Change with Dissolution: Caustic Tank Safety

Example 6.13 Simultaneous Energy and Material Balances: Mel and Dan's Lemonade Stand

Example 6.14 Energy Balance with Equilibrium Flash: Separation of Hexane and Heptane

Example 6.15 Energy Balance with Chemical Reaction: Adiabatic Flame Temperature

Example 6.16 Energy Balance with Multiple Reactions: Synthesis of Acetaldehyde

Example 6.17 Unsteady-State Heat Loss: Cooling a Batch of Sterilized Broth

A Process Energy Sampler (Optional Section)

560

(61)

Work and the Engineering Bernoulli Equation

560

(3)

Example 6.18 The Engineering Bernoulli Equation: Sizing a Pump

Heat and the Synthesis of Heat Exchange Networks

563

(4)

Example 6.19 Heat Exchanger Sizing: Steam Heating of Methanol Vapor

Energy Conversion Processes

567

(12)

Example 6.20 Converting Reaction Energy to Heat: Furnace Efficiency

Example 6.21 Converting Reaction Energy to Work: Heat Engine Analysis

Example 6.22 Converting Reaction Energy to Work: Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Chemical Energy and Chemical Safety: Explosions

579

(5)

Example 6.23 Estimating Explosive Potential: Trinitrotoluene

Case Study: Energy Management in a Chemical Reactor

584

(5)

Summary

589

(2)

ChemiStory: Get the Lead Out!

591

(4)

Quick Quiz Answers

595

(1)

References and Recommended Readings

595

(1)

Chapter 6 Problems

596

(25)

Appendix A Mathematical Methods

621

(20)

Appendix B Physical Properties

641

(32)

Appendix C Answers to Select Problems

673

(8)

Glossary

681

Index

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Introduction to Chemical Processes: Principles, Analysis, Synthesis

Introduction to Chemical Processes: Principles, Analysis, Synthesis

9780072849608

0072849606

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Introduction to Chemical Processes: Principles, Analysis, Synthesis

Introduction to Chemical Processes: Principles, Analysis, Synthesis

9780072849608

0072849606

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Related Products