The editor

Shawneen M Gonzalez, DDS, Diplomate, American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, is Owner of Advanced Dental Board, a radiographic interpretation company and the creator of DrGstoothpix.com, a popular oral radiology website that educates dental professionals around the world.

Preface to the Second Edition ix

Acknowledgments xi

About the Companion Website xiii

1. Introduction to Cone Beam Computed Tomography 1
Shawneen M. Gonzalez

Introduction 1

Conventional Computed Tomography 1

Cone Beam Computed Tomography 2

Conventional CT versus Cone Beam CT 2

Viewing CBCT Data 4

Artifacts 7

References 11

2. Cone Beam Computed Tomography Recommendations 13
Shawneen M. Gonzalez

Introduction 13

Endodontics 13

Orthodontics 18

Periodontics 24

References 30

3. Legal Issues Concerning Cone Beam Computed Tomography 33
Shawneen M. Gonzalez

Introduction 33

Standard of Care 33

Recommendations 34

Summary 36

References 37

4. Paranasal Sinuses and Mastoid Air Cells 39
Gayle Tieszen Reardon

Introduction 39

Anatomy 39

Inflammatory Disease of the Paranasal Sinuses 56

Intrinsic Disease of the Paranasal Sinuses 60

Postsurgical Changes of Paranasal Sinuses 69

References 70

5. The Sinonasal Cavity and Airway 73
Gayle Tieszen Reardon

Introduction 73

Anatomy 73

Surgical Variations 87

Inflammatory Diseases 89

The Pharynx 91

The Nasopharynx 92

The Oropharynx 93

The Hypopharynx (Also Called Laryngopharynx) 95

The Parapharyngeal Space 95

References 96

6. Cranial Skull Base and Orbits 97
Shawneen M. Gonzalez

Introduction 97

Anatomy 97

Anatomic Variants/Developmental Anomalies 106

Incidental Findings 111

References 113

7. Soft Tissues 115
Shawneen M. Gonzalez

Introduction 115

Pathosis—Arterial Calcifications 115

Pathosis—Other Calcifications 122

Incidental Findings—Soft Tissue of the Brain 126

Incidental Findings—Orbital Cavity 133

Incidental Findings—Face 136

References 138

8. Cervical Spine 141
Shawneen M. Gonzalez

Introduction 141

Anatomy 141

Anatomic Variants/Developmental Anomalies 147

Pathosis 153

References 158

9. Maxilla and Mandible (excluding TMJs) 161
Shawneen M. Gonzalez

Introduction 161

Anatomy 161

Anatomic Variants/Developmental Anomalies 167

Pathosis 169

Incidental Findings 178

References 182

10. Temporomandibular Joints 183
Gayle Tieszen Reardon

Introduction 183

Normal Anatomy and Function 183

Developmental Abnormalities 187

Soft‐Tissue Abnormalities 192

Remodeling and Arthritis 194

Trauma 204

Tumors 206

References 207

11. Implants 209
Gayle Tieszen Reardon and Shawneen M. Gonzalez

Introduction 209

Imaging for Implant Purposes 210

CBCT Image Development 214

Gray Values and Hounsfield Units 214

Bone Density: A Key Determinant for Treatment Planning 215

Linear Measurement Accuracy 216

Mandibular Canal 217

Virtual Implant Placement Software 218

References 221

Appendix Sample Reports 223
Shawneen M. Gonzalez

Introduction 223

General Health Report 224

Pathology Report 226

Endodontic Report 231

Index 237

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