9780534547479

This book's multidisciplinary approach to the field of human services gives students an overview of the helping field, its available programs, and the practical skills workers can employ. It focuses on presenting the history and practice of human services through the lens of a social problems and policy perspective. Throughout the text, the authors integrate the theme of understanding how social, economic and political issues affect the human service worker and the people served in human services. Each chapter also includes real-life examples that highlight the material on social policy.

William R. Burger received his doctorate in social psychology, but his academic background also encompasses the fields of educational psychology and philosophy of education. While attending graduate school at Harvard University, he was awarded a research assistantship for his work in the area of community decision making. Bill is the former director of the Mental Health and Human Services Program and is currently chaiperson of the Department of Behavioral Sciences and Human Services at Kingsborough Community College of the City University of New York. Merrill Youkeles, professor emeritus at Kingsborough Community College of the City University of New York, received his doctoral degree in studies on aging at Columbia University with the aid of a grant from the Administration on Aging. Merrill is a certified social worker who received his M.S.W. from the University of Pennsylvania and is the former director of the Mental Health and Human Services Program at Kingsborough College.

PREFACE

xi

CHAPTER 1

Human Services in the United States Today

1

(61)

Introduction

2

(1)

Human Needs: Focus of Human Services

3

(3)

The Role of Primary social supports in Meeting Needs

6

(2)

An Overview of Human services

8

(8)

Sources of Need Satisfaction i6 Falling Through the Safety Net

16

(2)

Political Controversy and Human services

18

(9)

The Impact of Contemporary Problems on Needs

27

(29)

Summary

56

(1)

Additional Reading

57

References

8

(54)

CHAPTER 2

Groups in Need

62

(67)

Introduction

64

(1)

America's Poor

64

(7)

The Unemployed

71

(1)

Children in Need

72

(6)

The Elderly

78

(8)

People with Disabilities

86

(3)

Persons with Mental Illness

89

(8)

Substance Abusers

97

(8)

Criminals

105

(6)

Persons with Mental Retardation

111

(3)

The Homeless

114

(4)

Persons Living with HIV/AIDS

118

(5)

Summary

123

(1)

Additional Reading

123

(1)

References

124

(5)

CHAPTER 3

Human Services in Historical Perspective

129

(25)

Introduction

130

(1)

Prehistoric Civilization

130

(1)

Early Civilizations

131

(2)

The Middle Ages

133

(2)

The Renaissance

135

(1)

Human Welfare Services since the Renaissance

135

(6)

Mental Health Services since the Renaissance

141

(6)

Future Trends

147

(4)

Additional Reading

151

(1)

References

152

(2)

CHAPTER 4

Theoretical Perspectives

154

(40)

Introduction

155

(1)

Scientific Theory

156

(1)

Theories about Human Disorders

156

(8)

The Human Services Model

164

(2)

Issues Underlying Conflict between Models

166

(1)

The Holistic Trend in Medical Theory

166

(2)

Schools of Therapy

168

(1)

The Psychoanalytic Viewpoint

168

(7)

The Humanistic Perspective

175

(3)

The Behavioristic Model

178

(8)

Which Theory Is Best?

186

(1)

Alternative Paths to Personal Fulfillment

187

(2)

Systems Theory

189

(1)

Does Psychotherapy Work?

190

(1)

Additional Reading

191

(1)

References

191

(3)

CHAPTER 5

The Human Services Worker

194

(42)

Introduction

195

(1)

Different Styles of Helping Relationships

196

(2)

Characteristics of Effective Helpers

198

(4)

Basic Helping Skills

202

(8)

Factors That Influence the Use of skills

210

(10)

Human Rights, the Law, and Human Services

220

(3)

The Worker in Group Settings

223

(3)

The Worker in the Community

226

(6)

Additional Reading

232

(1)

References

233

(3)

CHAPTER 6

Careers in Human Services

236

(36)

Introduction

237

(1)

Generalist Human Services Work

238

(4)

Physical Therapy

242

(1)

Creative Arts Therapy

243

(2)

Occupational Therapy

245

(2)

Clinical Psychology

247

(4)

Counseling

251

(7)

Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counseling

258

(4)

Social Work

262

(4)

Psychiatry

266

(2)

Professional Organizations

268

(2)

Additional Reading

270

(1)

References

271

(1)

CHAPTER 7

Social Policy

272

(29)

Introduction

273

(1)

What Is Social Policy?

273

(1)

Social Policy in the Past

274

(1)

Social Policy in Modern Times

275

(2)

Purpose and Types of Social Policy

277

(1)

The Scope of Social Policy

277

(1)

The Making of Social Policy

278

(5)

Factors in Establishing Social Policy

283

(7)

The Implementation of Social Policy

290

(2)

Critical Thinking Activities

292

(7)

Additional Reading

299

(1)

References

299

(2)

CHAPTER 8

Prevention in Human services

301

(23)

Introduction

302

(1)

Defining Prevention and Its Targets

302

(1)

Prevention in the Past

303

(4)

Levels of Prevention

307

(3)

Why an Emphasis on Primary Prevention Is Crucial

310

(4)

Primary Prevention strategies

314

(3)

Obstacles to the Development of Primary Prevention Programs

317

(3)

Conclusion

320

(1)

Additional Reading

321

(1)

References

321

(3)

CHAPTER 9

Current Controversies and Issues

324

(18)

Introduction

325

(1)

The Clash of Values in Social Policies

325

(3)

Government: How Much Support for the Needy?

328

(1)

Target Populations: The Struggle for Support

329

(5)

Professionalism in the Human Services

334

(3)

The Role of Human Services Workers

337

(1)

Whom Do Human Services Workers Serve?

338

(2)

A Basic Reading and Thinking Skill

340

(1)

References

341

(1)

GLOSSARY

342

(10)

SUBJECT INDEX

352

(10)

AUTHOR INDEX

362

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Human Services In Contemporary America

Human Services In Contemporary America

0534547478

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials