Recent advances in molecular and cellular biology, analytical chemistry, and nanotechnology have dramatically improved the understanding of vitamin biomechanics and the requirements for human function. Vitamin-dependant signaling cascades, alterations in gene expression due to variations in vitamin supply, and DNA stability and packaging are just a few of the new roles for vitamins that these sciences reveal. Maintaining its status the highest quality reference in the field, the Handbook of Vitamins brings together leading experts in molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology, to incorporate these new discoveries into this updated and revised fourth edition.