9780135180068

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A user-friendly, practical examination of the issues impacting education finance today
Retaining the practical tone and superior presentation that made the previous editions best sellers, this new edition of Financing Education in a Climate of Change presents the most up-to-date information and material available in the dynamic field of school finance. Easy-to-understand tables and figures, thought provoking end-of-chapter assignments, new chapter learning objectives, and practical budget and accounting examples help readers gain a firmer understanding of all facets of financing education. The 13th Edition adds information on classic and current topics, including the economics of education, recent court decisions, 50-state comparison tables, state taxes, and the ongoing debate about school vouchers, tax credits, church-state issues, and charter schools.

Deborah Verstegen, PhD, is a professor of educational leadership, College of Education, University of Nevada, Reno. She served as Edwin J. O'Leary Endowed Chair of Financial Management, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and was a professor of finance and policy in the Curry School of Education at the University of Virginia for nearly two decades. Prior to joining the university community, she was a teacher, administrator, and legislative aide in state government. She has had teaching experience at all levels, from pre-school, elementary, secondary, and community college, to university. Her administrative experience in education is also broad. She has been a central office administrator for a K-12 school system in Alaska's Iditarod Area School District, Director of the Mid-management Program at the University of Texas at Austin, and Department Chair in Educational Leadership at UNR. She is author or co-author of over 300 books, articles, monographs, and chapters, including Financing Education in a Climate of Change. Professor Verstegen has developed an equity statistic, later given her name by scholars–the "Verstegen Index." The focus of her scholarship is on equal opportunity and justice in the area of education finance, and the fiscal aspects of education policy at the state and national levels. Professor Verstegen has been active in school finance litigation, serving as an expert witness, as a consultant with government and education organizations, and in numerous professional organizations–she has served twice on the Board of Directors for the national education finance association. She is a past editor of the Journal of Education Finance and currently serves as policy editor. Her alma mater, the University of Wisconsin, awarded her an alumnae achievement award. She was named Distinguished National Fellow in Finance by the National Education Finance Academy, and a recent recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award.
Robert C. Knoeppel, PhD, is the Dean of the College of Education at the University of South Florida. In his position, Knoeppel plays a key role in shaping a distinctive vision for the future of the college that maintains alignment with USF’s strategic priorities. An experienced higher education leader and nationally recognized researcher, Knoeppel was previously a professor and chair of the Department of Educational and Organizational Leadership Development at Clemson University. Knoeppel’s work has been regularly published in the Journal of Education Finance and Educational Considerations, and he has authored over 100 refereed journal publications, book chapters, technical reports, and conference papers in the field of education finance, education reform, and educational leadership over the course of his career. Prior to his tenure at Clemson, Knoeppel held an academic appointment at the University of Kentucky, where he led courses in educational leadership studies. He also worked for several years in the Virginia public school system as a school counselor, administrator, and coach. Knoeppel serves as President Elect and a member of the board of trustees of the National Education Finance Academy where he earned the Scholarly Paper of the Year Award for three consecutive years.

Dr. Vern Brimley has been a public school administrator for over 30 years, retiring as administrative assistant to the superintendent of Provo City Schools. In the span of his career, he has been director of federal programs; involved in school purchasing, research, and public relations; a consultant for several school districts; and worked as an elementary teacher and principal. Additionally, he served on the State of Utah committee delegated by the Utah State Legislature to study the Utah School Finance system. Twelve major changes resulted from this study, including equalization of capital outlay budgets. Dr. Brimley also taught in a secondary modern school in Great Britain for a year on a Fulbright Exchange scholarship. He was selected as one of 40 educational administrators from throughout the U.S. and Canada to participate in the initial intensive two-month study program under the sponsorship of the National Academy for School Executives (NASE) – the training arm of the American Association of School Administrators (NASA) – and the Danforth Foundation. The Study-Leave Fellowship provided the opportunity for Dr. Brimley to study the financial structure of state educational systems and state departments of education. He was designated as an Innovative Educator by the Kettering Foundation. Dr. Brimley was a student of Professor Percy Burrup and did research for the first edition of Financing Education in a Climate of Change and was co-author of the third edition with Professor Burrup. After Dr. Burrup’s death, he teamed with Dr. Rulon Garfield to write the fourth through eleventh edition, and with Dr. Deborah Verstegen as co-author for the eleventh and twelfth edition. Dr. Brimley served as an Adjunct Professor at Brigham Young University and has taught many education leadership courses, but specialized in school finance and school business management. He has presented papers at conferences including the American Education Finance Association and has written articles on various education issues. He is married to Dawn Baker Brimley. They are the parents of three daughters and have ten grandchildren.

1. The Economics of Education

Education as Human Capital

Creation of Wealth and Education

Education: An Important Industry

A Public-Sector Responsibility

Economics and Social Progress

Economic Benefits of Education

Noneconomic Benefits of Education

Cost-Quality Relationship in Education: Does Money Matter?

2. The Need for Adequate Funds

Adequacy and the Factors Impacting It

Education Deserves High Priority

The Public Wants Good Schools

The Increasing Costs of Education

Spending on Education and the Size of the Enterprise

Impacts on the Cost of Providing an Adequate Education

What is the Cost of an Adequate Education?

A Failure to Provide Opportunity and Associated Costs

Society Suffers the Effects of Poor Education

3. Financing Education Equitably

Inequalities in Financing Education

Equity: An Objective of School Finance Reform

Measures of School District Wealth

Income Tax

Historical Influences on Equity

The Equalization Principal

Improving State Equalization Practices

Foundation Programs and Variations

The Impact of Average Daily Attendance on Equity

The Changing Climate and Current School Finance Practices

4. Patterns for School Finance Systems

Developing Patterns

Determining the Best Finance Plan

Full State Funding

District Power Equalization

Property Reassessment and Local District Revenues

Emphasis on Weighting Factors

Principal Types of Weights

5. Sources of Revenue

Education- Financed by Government

The Taxation System

Characteristics of a Good Tax System

Taxes for Education

Income Tax

Sales Tax

Property Tax

Excise Tax

Severance Tax

Other Funding Sources

Potential New Taxes

6. Education: A State Function

Early Development of State Responsibility

Development of Decentralized Educational Systems

Development of School Finance Policies

Developmental Stages of School Finance

The Varying State Programs

State Ability to Support Education

7. Eroding Local Control

Changing Rural-Urban Influence on Education

Basic School District Administrative Units

The Administration of Local School Districts

Advantages of Local Control

Fiscal Independence of School Districts

Trends in Local Taxation Practices

Measures of Local Taxpaying Ability

Local, State, and Federal Tax Responsibility

8. Federal Interest in Education

Federalism

Historical Role of the Federal Government

U.S. Department of Education

Constitutional Role

Block Grants, Categorical Aid, and General Aid

Federal Expenditures

Fiscal Advantages and Disadvantages

Increased Government Service

The Future of Federal Aid to Education

9. The Influence and Climate of the Courts

Three Waves of School Finance Litigation

The First Wave of School Finance Litigation

The Second Wave of School Finance Litigation

The Third Wave of School Finance Litigation: A Shift from Equity to Adequacy?

Second-Generation Adequacy Cases

Impact of School Finance Litigation over Time

Pressure for Reform

Finance Reform or Tax Reduction?

Court Decision Guidelines

10. Public Funds and Nonpublic Schools

History

Educational Choice

The Law and Church-State Relations

11. Financing School Facilities

The Need

Early Capital-Outlay Programs

Capital-Outlay Court Decisions

State Support

Equity in Financing Educational Facilities

The Federal Government and Capital Outlays

Capital-Outlay Finance Plans

School Bonding Practices

Other Alternatives

Impact Fees

Sales Taxes

Future Policies for School Facilities

12. Administering the District and School Budget

Evolution of Budgetary Practices

Development of a Systems Approach to Budgeting

District and School Budgetary Approaches

District-Level Budgetary Practices

Administering the District Budget

School/District Coordination

Budgeting at the School Level

Challenge of Leadership

13. Accounting and Auditing

The School Accounting System

The Changing Accounting Environment

Comprehensive Annual Financial Report

Characteristics of Governmental (Fund) Accounting

Encumbrance Accounting

Cost Accounting

Accrual Accounting

Receiving and Depositing Funds

Expending School Funds

Auditing

Protecting School Funds

14. Business Aspects of the School Community

Increased Safety Hazards

The Business Office

Supplies and Equipment

Purchasing

Supply Management

Risk Management

Transportation

School Food Services

15. Human Resources and School Finance

The Expanded Role of Human Resources Administration

Teacher Compensation

Certification

Pay-for-Performance-- Merit Pay

Additional Issues

Teachers and School Finance

The Changing Assignments of Teachers

Administrative and Supervisory Salaries

Noncertified Personnel Salaries

Payroll Policies and Procedures

Government Influence

16. The Road Ahead in School Finance

The Future of Public School Finance

Unresolved Issues

Some Characteristics of Educational Structure

School Finance Goals

The Challenge

Some Characteristics of Educational Structure

School Finance Goals

The Challenge

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Financing Education in a Climate of Change

Financing Education in a Climate of Change

0135180066

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials