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Criminal Justice in America (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

by: Cole, George F.; Smith, Christopher E.

Criminal Justice in America (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

by: Cole, George F.; Smith, Christopher E.

ISBN 13:
9780534629649
ISBN 10:
0534629644
Edition: CD
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 02/26/2004
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Part One: CRIME AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM. 1. The Criminal Justice System. 2. Crime and Justice in America. 3. Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law. Part Two: POLICE. 4. Police. 5. Police Officers and Law Enforcement Operations. 6. Police and Constitutional Law. 7. Policing: Issues and Trends. Part Three: COURTS. 8. Courts and Adjudication. 9. Pretrial Procedures, Plea-Bargaining, and the Criminal Trial. 10. Punishment and Sentencing. Part Four: CORRECTIONS. 11. Corrections. 12. Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions. 13. Incarceration and Prison Society. 14. Reentry to the Community. Part Five: THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM. 15. Juvenile Justice.

Part 1 Crime and the Criminal Justice System

The Criminal Justice System

(28)

The Goals of Criminal Justice

(2)

Doing Justice

(1)

Controlling Crime

(1)

Preventing Crime

(1)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: Backscatter X-Ray

(1)

Criminal Justice in a Federal System

(3)

Two Justice Systems

(1)

Expansion of Federal Involvement

(2)

Criminal Justice as a Social System

(1)

Characteristics of the Criminal Justice System

(1)

Discretion

(1)

Ideas in Practice

(1)

Resource Dependence

(1)

Sequential Tasks

(1)

Filtering

(1)

Operations of Criminal Justice Agencies

(3)

Police

(1)

Courts

(1)

Corrections

(1)

Work Perspective: Drug Court Substance Abuse Counselor

(1)

The Flow of Decision Making in the Criminal Justice System

(10)

Steps in the Decision-Making Process

(2)

The Criminal Justice Wedding Cake

(1)

Crime Control versus Due Process

(1)

The State of Michigan versus Christopher Jones

(4)

Crime and Justice in a Multicultural Society

(7)

Disparities and Discrimination

(1)

Explaining Disparities

(2)

Close-Up: Racial Profiling

(1)

A Question of Ethics

(1)

Summary

(1)

Questions for Review

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

For Further Reading

(1)

Going Online

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

(1)

Crime and Justice in America

(27)

Defining Crime

(1)

Types of Crime

(6)

Visible Crime

(1)

Occupational Crime

(1)

Organized Crime

(1)

Crimes without Victims

(1)

Work Perspective: Police Officer

(1)

Political Crime

(1)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: Carnivore

(1)

Cybercrime

(1)

Close-Up: Hate Crimes: A New Category of Personal Violence

(1)

How Much Crime Is There?

(4)

The Uniform Crime Reports

(1)

The National Crime Victimization Surveys

(1)

Trends in Crime

(2)

Crime Victimization

(5)

Who is Victimized?

(1)

The Policy Debate: Have Tough Crime-Control Policies Caused a Decline in Crime?

(2)

A Question of Ethics

(1)

Acquaintances and Strangers

(1)

The Impact of Crime

(1)

The Experience of Victims within the Criminal Justice System

(1)

The Role of Victims in Crime

(1)

Causes of Crime

(11)

Classical and Positivist Theories

(1)

Biological Explanations

(1)

Psychological Explanations

(1)

Sociological Explanations

(2)

Ideas in Practice

(1)

Women and Crime

(1)

Assessing Theories of Criminality

(1)

Summary

(1)

Questions for Review

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

For Further Reading

(1)

Going Online

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

(1)

Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law

(24)

Foundations of Criminal Law

(1)

Substantive Criminal Law

(8)

Seven Principles of Criminal Law

(2)

Elements of a Crime

(1)

Statutory Definitions of Crimes

(1)

Responsibility for Criminal Acts

(1)

Ideas in Practice

(3)

Close-Up: The Insanity Defense and Its Aftermath

(1)

Procedural Criminal Law

(10)

The Bill of Rights

(1)

The Fourteenth Amendment and Due Process

(1)

The Due Process Revolution

(1)

The Fourth Amendment: Protection against Unreasonable Searches and Seizures

(1)

Work Perspective: Case Investigator

(2)

The Fifth Amendment: Protection against Self-Incrimination and Double Jeopardy

(1)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: Detecting Guilt

(1)

The Sixth Amendment: The Right to Counsel and a Fair Trial

(1)

The Eighth Amendment: Protection against Excessive Bail, Excessive Fines, and Cruel and Unusual Punishment

(1)

A Question of Ethics

(1)

Constitutional Rights and Criminal Justice Professionals

(4)

Summary

(1)

Questions for Review

(1)

Key Terms and Cases

(1)

For Further Reading

(1)

Going Online

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

(1)

Inside the Criminal Justice System and Beyond: One Man's Journey---My Affair with Heroin

(1)

Part 2 Police

Police

(24)

The Development of Police in the United States

(6)

The English Roots of the American Police

(2)

Policing in the United States

(4)

Law Enforcement Agencies

(4)

Federal Agencies

(1)

Work Perspective: Special Agent

(1)

State Agencies

(1)

County Agencies

(1)

Native American Tribal Police

(1)

Municipal Agencies

(1)

Police Functions

(2)

Ideas in Practice

(1)

Order Maintenance

(1)

Law Enforcement

(1)

Service

(1)

Implementing the Mandate

(1)

Police Policy

(2)

Close-Up: High-Speed Pursuit

(1)

A Question of Ethics

(1)

Police Actions

(4)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: Computers in Patrol Cars

(1)

Encounters between Police and Citizens

(1)

Police Discretion

(1)

Domestic Violence

(2)

Police and the Community

(5)

Special Populations

(1)

Policing in a Multicultural Society

(1)

Community Crime Prevention

100

(1)

Summary

101

(1)

Questions for Review

102

(1)

Key Terms

102

(1)

For Further Reading

102

(1)

Going Online

102

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

102

(2)

Police Officers and Law Enforcement Operations

104

(22)

Who Are the Police?

105

(3)

Recruitment

105

(1)

The Changing Profile of the Police

106

(2)

Training

108

(1)

The Police Subculture

108

(4)

The Working Personality

109

(1)

Police Morality

110

(1)

Police Isolation

110

(1)

Job Stress

111

(1)

Organization of the Police

112

(2)

Bureaucratic Elements

112

(1)

Operational Units

113

(1)

The Police Bureaucracy and the Criminal Justice System

114

(1)

Police Response and Action

114

(3)

Organizational Response

115

(1)

Close-Up: Holding the 911 Line

116

(1)

Ideas in Practice

116

(1)

Productivity

116

(1)

Delivery of Police Services

117

(9)

Patrol Functions

117

(2)

Investigation

119

(1)

Work Perspective: Detective

120

(2)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: National DNA Database

122

(1)

Special Operations

122

(1)

A Question of Ethics

123

(1)

Summary

124

(1)

Questions for Review

124

(1)

Key Terms

124

(1)

For Further Reading

125

(1)

Going Online

125

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

125

(1)

Police and Constitutional Law

126

(20)

Legal Limitations on Police Investigations

127

(3)

Search and Seizure Concepts

127

(1)

The Concept of Arrest

128

(1)

Work Perspective: Assistant County Prosecutor

129

(1)

Warrants and Probable Cause

129

(1)

Plain View Doctrine

130

(2)

Open Fields Doctrine

130

(1)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: Monitoring Computer Keystrokes

131

(1)

Plain Feel and Other Senses

131

(1)

Warrantless Searches

132

(6)

Special Needs beyond the Normal Purposes of Law Enforcement

132

(1)

Close-Up: State Supreme Courts and Constitutional Rights

133

(1)

Stop and Frisk on the Streets

133

(1)

Ideas in Practice

134

(1)

Search Incident to a Lawful Arrest

134

(1)

Exigent Circumstances

135

(1)

Consent

135

(1)

Automobile Searches

136

(2)

Questioning Suspects

138

(3)

Miranda Rules

138

(1)

Close-Up: Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)

139

(1)

The Consequences of Miranda

140

(1)

A Question of Ethics

141

(1)

The Exclusionary Rule

141

(5)

Application of the Exclusionary Rule to the States

141

(1)

Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule

142

(2)

Summary

144

(1)

Questions for Review

144

(1)

Key Terms and Cases

144

(1)

For Further Reading

144

(1)

Going Online

145

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

145

(1)

Policing: Issues and Trends

146

(24)

Issues in Patrolling

147

(6)

Assignment of Patrol Personnel

147

(2)

Ideas in Practice

149

(2)

The Policy Debate: Should the Police Aggressively Enforce Public Order Laws?

151

(2)

The Future of Patrol

153

(1)

Policing and New Technology

153

(2)

Investigative Tools

154

(1)

Weapons Technology

154

(1)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: Nonlethal Weapons

155

(1)

Police Abuse of Power

155

(4)

Use of Force

155

(2)

Corruption

157

(1)

A Question of Ethics

158

(1)

Civic Accountability

159

(2)

Internal Affairs Units

159

(1)

Civilian Review Boards

160

(1)

Standards and Accreditation

160

(1)

Civil Liability Suits

161

(1)

Security Management and Private Policing

161

(9)

Work Perspective: Investigator

162

(1)

Functions of Security Management and Private Policing

162

(2)

Private Employment of Public Police

164

(1)

The Public--Private Interface

164

(1)

Recruitment and Training

165

(1)

Summary

166

(1)

Questions for Review

166

(1)

Key Terms and Cases

166

(1)

For Further Reading

166

(1)

Going Online

167

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

167

(1)

Inside the Criminal Justice System and Beyond: One Man's Journey---Stepping into a New World: Arrested, Booked, Charged, Jailed, and Investigated

168

(2)

Part 3 Courts

Courts and Adjudication

170

(25)

The Structure of American Courts

171

(2)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: The Electronic Courtroom

173

(1)

To Be a Judge

173

(5)

Who Becomes a Judge?

174

(1)

Functions of the Judge

174

(1)

How to Become a Judge

175

(1)

Close-Up: Improper Judicial Behavior

176

(1)

Ideas in Practice

177

(1)

The Prosecutorial System

178

(6)

Politics and Prosecution

178

(1)

The Prosecutor's Influence

179

(1)

The Prosecutor's Roles

179

(1)

Discretion of the Prosecutor

180

(1)

A Question of Ethics

181

(1)

Key Relationships of the Prosecutor

181

(1)

Decision-Making Policies

182

(1)

Close-Up: Community Prosecution

183

(1)

The Defense Attorney: Image and Reality

184

(7)

The Role of the Defense Attorney

184

(1)

Realities of the Defense Attorney's Job

185

(1)

The Environment of Criminal Practice

186

(1)

Work Perspective: Federal Public Defender

187

(1)

Counsel for Indigents

187

(3)

A Question of Ethics

190

(1)

The Courtroom: How It Functions

191

(4)

Summary

193

(1)

Questions for Review

193

(1)

Key Terms

193

(1)

For Further Reading

194

(1)

Going Online

194

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

194

(1)

Pretrial Procedures, Plea Bargaining, and the Criminal Trial

195

(26)

From Arrest to Trial or Plea

196

(2)

Bail: Pretrial Release

198

(4)

Ideas in Practice

199

(1)

The Reality of the Bail System

199

(1)

Bail Bondsmen

199

(1)

Setting Bail

200

(1)

Reforming the Bail System

201

(1)

Pretrial Detention

202

(2)

Close-Up: Preventive Detention: Two Sides of an Issue

203

(1)

Plea Bargaining

204

(5)

Exchange Relationships in Plea Bargaining

205

(1)

Tactics of Prosecutor and Defense

205

(1)

Close-Up: Banning Plea Bargaining in Tennessee

206

(1)

Pleas without Bargaining

207

(1)

Legal Issues in Plea Bargaining

207

(1)

A Question of Ethics

208

(1)

Criticisms of Plea Bargaining

208

(1)

Trial: The Exceptional Case

209

(7)

Jury Trial

209

(1)

The Trial Process

210

(3)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: Computer Simulations in the Courtroom

213

(2)

Work Perspective: U.S. District Judge

215

(1)

Evaluating the Jury System

215

(1)

Appeals

216

(5)

Habeas Corpus

217

(1)

Evaluating the Appellate Process

217

(1)

Summary

218

(1)

Questions for Review

219

(1)

Key Terms and Cases

219

(1)

For Further Reading

219

(1)

Going Online

219

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

220

(1)

Punishment and Sentencing

221

(27)

The Goals of Punishment

222

(4)

Retribution---Deserved Punishment

222

(1)

Deterrence

223

(1)

Incapacitation

224

(1)

Rehabilitation

225

(1)

A New Approach to Punishment: Restorative Justice

225

(1)

Close-Up: Restorative Justice in Vermont

226

(1)

Forms of the Criminal Sanction

226

(10)

Incarceration

227

(2)

Intermediate Sanctions

229

(1)

Probation

229

(2)

Death

231

(5)

The Sentencing Process

236

(12)

The Administrative Context of the Courts

237

(1)

The Policy Debate: Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished?

238

(1)

Work Perspective: District Associate Judge

239

(1)

Attitudes and Values of Judges

239

(1)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: Sentencing by Computer

240

(1)

Presentence Report

240

(1)

Close-Up: Sample Presentence Report

241

(1)

Sentencing Guidelines

241

(1)

A Question of Ethics

242

(1)

Ideas in Practice

242

(1)

Who Gets the Harshest Punishment?

242

(2)

Summary

244

(1)

Questions for Review

244

(1)

Key Terms and Cases

245

(1)

For Further Reading

245

(1)

Going Online

245

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

245

(1)

Inside the Criminal Justice System and Beyond: One Man's Journey---Prosecution, Adjudication, and Sentencing

246

(2)

Part 4 Corrections

Corrections

248

(28)

Development of Corrections

249

(7)

Invention of the Penitentiary

249

(1)

Reform in the United States

250

(3)

Reformatory Movement

253

(1)

Improving Prison Conditions for Women

254

(1)

Rehabilitation Model

254

(1)

Community Model

255

(1)

Crime Control Model

256

(1)

Organization of Corrections in the United States

256

(6)

Federal Corrections System

256

(1)

State Corrections Systems

257

(1)

Private Prisons

258

(1)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: Remote-Controlled Stun Belt

259

(1)

Jails: Local Correctional Facilities

260

(2)

Close-Up: Direct Supervision Jails

262

(1)

The Law of Corrections

262

(4)

Constitutional Rights of Prisoners

262

(3)

Law and Community Corrections

265

(1)

Law and Correctional Personnel

266

(1)

Correctional Policy Trends

266

(10)

Community Corrections

267

(1)

The Policy Debate: Is There a Prison---Commercial Complex?

268

(1)

Incarceration

269

(2)

Close-Up: Connecticut: Trying to Build Its Way Out

271

(2)

Summary

273

(1)

Questions for Review

273

(1)

Key Terms and Cases

273

(1)

For Further Reading

274

(1)

Going Online

274

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

274

(2)

Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions

276

(16)

Community Corrections: Assumptions

277

(1)

Probation: Correction without Incarceration

277

(4)

Origins and Evolution of Probation

278

(1)

Organization of Probation

279

(1)

Probation Services

279

(1)

Revocation and Termination of Probation

280

(1)

A Question of Ethics

281

(1)

Assessing Probation

281

(1)

Intermediate Sanctions in the Community

281

(9)

Intermediate Sanctions Administered Primarily by the Judiciary

282

(2)

Work Perspective: Executive Director, STRIVE Program

284

(1)

Intermediate Sanctions Administered in the Community

284

(1)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: Stalker Trackers

285

(2)

Intermediate Sanctions Administered in Institutions and the Community

287

(1)

Close-Up: After Boot Camp, a Harder Discipline

288

(1)

Implementing Intermediate Sanctions

289

(1)

The Future of Community Corrections

290

(2)

Summary

290

(1)

Questions for Review

290

(1)

Key Terms

291

(1)

For Further Reading

291

(1)

Going Online

291

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

291

(1)

Incarceration and Prison Society

292

(28)

The Modern Prison: Legacy of the Past

293

(1)

Goals of Incarceration

293

(1)

Prison Organization

294

(2)

Governing a Society of Captives

296

(2)

The Defects of Total Power

296

(1)

Rewards and Punishments

296

(1)

A Question of Ethics

297

(1)

Gaining Cooperation: Exchange Relationships

297

(1)

Inmate Leadership

297

(1)

The Challenge of Governing Prisons

298

(1)

Correctional Officers: The Linchpin of Management

298

(2)

The Officer's Role

298

(1)

Work Perspective: Correctional Officer

299

(1)

Use of Force

299

(1)

Who Is in Prison?

300

(4)

Close-Up: One Man's Walk through Atlanta's Jungle

301

(1)

Elderly Prisoners

302

(1)

Prisoners with HIV/AIDS

302

(1)

Mentally III Prisoners

303

(1)

Long-Term Prisoners

303

(1)

The Convict World

304

(3)

Adaptive Roles

305

(1)

The Prison Economy

305

(2)

Women in Prison

307

(4)

The Subculture of Women's Prisons

308

(1)

Male versus Female Subcultures

309

(1)

Issues in the Incarceration of Women

310

(1)

Prison Programs

311

(3)

Classification of Prisoners

312

(1)

Educational Programs

312

(1)

Vocational Education

312

(1)

Prison Industries

312

(1)

Rehabilitative Programs

313

(1)

Medical Services

313

(1)

Violence in Prison

314

(6)

Assaultive Behavior and Inmate Characteristics

314

(1)

Prisoner--Prisoner Violence

315

(1)

Prisoner--Officer Violence

316

(1)

Officer--Prisoner Violence

316

(1)

Decreasing Prison Violence

316

(1)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: Scanning for Drugs

317

(1)

Summary

318

(1)

Questions for Review

318

(1)

Key Terms

318

(1)

For Further Reading

318

(1)

Going Online

319

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

319

(1)

Reentry into the Community

320

(18)

Prisoner Reentry

321

(1)

Release and Supervision

322

(1)

The Origins of Parole

322

(1)

The Development of Parole in the United States

322

(1)

Release Mechanisms

323

(3)

Discretionary Release

323

(1)

Mandatory Release

323

(1)

A Question of Ethics

324

(1)

Other Conditional Release

324

(1)

Expiration Release

324

(1)

Impact of Release Mechanisms

324

(2)

Close-Up: A Roomful of Strangers

326

(1)

Parole Supervision in the Community

326

(7)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: Drug Testing

327

(1)

Community Programs Following Release

327

(1)

Close-Up: Returning to America

328

(1)

Parole Officer: Cop or Social Worker?

329

(1)

The Parole Bureaucracy

330

(1)

Work Perspective: Parole Officer

331

(1)

Adjustment to Life outside Prison

331

(1)

Revocation of Parole

332

(1)

The Future of Prisoner Reentry

333

(5)

Summary

333

(1)

Questions for Review

334

(1)

Key Terms

334

(1)

For Further Reading

334

(1)

Going Online

334

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

334

(2)

Inside the Criminal Justice System and Beyond: One Man's Journey---Prison

336

(2)

Part 5 The Juvenile Justice System

Juvenile Justice

338

(23)

Youth Crime in the United States

339

(1)

The Development of Juvenile Justice

340

(6)

Technology Issues in Criminal Justice: The Impact of Entertainment Technology on Behavior

341

(1)

The Puritan Period (1646--1824)

341

(1)

The Refuge Period (1824--1899)

341

(2)

The Juvenile Court Period (1899--1960)

343

(1)

The Juvenile Rigid Period (1960--1980)

343

(1)

The Crime Control Period (1980--Present)

343

(3)

The Juvenile Justice System

346

(1)

Age of Clients

346

(1)

Categories of Cases

346

(1)

The Juvenile Justice Process

347

(9)

Police Interface

348

(1)

Intake Screening at the Court

349

(1)

Pretrial Procedures

349

(1)

Transfer to Adult Court

350

(1)

Adjudication

350

(1)

The Policy Debate: Should Juvenile Offenders Be Tried As Adults?

351

(1)

Disposition

352

(1)

Corrections

353

(1)

Work Perspective: Juvenile Probation Officer

354

(1)

A Question of Ethics

355

(1)

Close-Up: Fernando, 16, Finds a Sanctuary in Crime

356

(1)

Problems and Perspectives

356

(5)

Summary

358

(1)

Questions for Review

358

(1)

Key Terms and Cases

358

(1)

For Further Reading

358

(1)

Going Online

359

(1)

Checkpoint Answers

359

(1)

Inside the Criminal Justice System and Beyond: One Man's Journey: Reflections

360

(1)

Appendix: Constitution of the United States: Criminal Justice Amendments

361

(1)

References

362

(12)

Glossary

374

(7)

Name Index

381

(4)

Subject Index

385

(12)

Photo Credits

397

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Criminal Justice in America (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

Criminal Justice in America (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

9780534629649

0534629644

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Criminal Justice in America (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

Criminal Justice in America (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

9780534629649

0534629644

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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