Counseling : A Comprehensive Profession

ISBN 13:
9780130803337
ISBN 10:
0130803332
Edition: 4th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 06/01/1999
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Newer Edition

Note: Not guaranteed to come with supplemental materials (access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.)

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Summary

This is the leading text for the survey course or Introduction to Counseling/Psychotherapy. Covers professional foundations, overviews the counseling process and key theories, and examines counseling as it is practiced in a variety of situations (e.g., marriage and family, career). It is recommended by the profession as a primary source for study toward certification and licensure.

PART I HISTORICAL AND PROFESSIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF COUNSELING

(112)

CHAPTER 1 History of and Trends in Counseling

(26)

Definition of Counseling

(4)

Guidance

(1)

Psychotherapy

(2)

Counseling

(1)

History of Counseling

(12)

Before 1900

(1)

1900-1909

(1)

1910s

(1)

1920s

(1)

1930s

(1)

1940s

(1)

1950s

(2)

1960s

(1)

1970s

(2)

1980s

(2)

1990s

(2)

Current Trends in the New Millennium

(2)

The Challenge of Managed Care

(1)

The Effective Use of Computers and Technology

(1)

The Growth of Leadership

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

(1)

Summary Table

(1)

Classroom Activities

(1)

References

(4)

CHAPTER 2 The Effective Counselor

(22)

The Personality and Background of the Counselor

(4)

Negative Motivators for Becoming a Counselor

(1)

Personal Qualities of an Effective Counselor

(2)

Maintaining Effectiveness as a Counselor

(1)

The Formal Education of Counselors

(2)

Levels of Helping

(1)

Professional Helping Specialties

(1)

The Education of Professional Counselors

(1)

Theoretical and Systematic Framework of the Counselor

(6)

Theory

(2)

Systems of Counseling

(3)

Engaging in Professional Counseling-Related Activities

(2)

Continuing Education

(1)

Supervision

(1)

Advocacy

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

(1)

Classroom Activities

(1)

References

(5)

CHAPTER 3 Ethical and Legal Aspects of Counseling

(28)

Definitions: Ethics, Morality, and Law

(1)

Ethics and Counseling

(1)

Professional Codes of Ethics and Standards

(3)

The Development of Codes of Ethics for Counselors

(1)

Limitations of Ethical Codes

(1)

Conflicts Within and Among Ethical Codes

(1)

Making Ethical Decisions

(1)

Other Guidelines for Acting Ethically

(1)

Educating Counselors in Ethical Decision Making

(2)

Ethics in Specific Counseling Situations

(1)

School Counseling and Ethics

(1)

Computers, Counseling, and Ethics

(1)

Marriage/Family Counseling and Ethics

(1)

Other Settings and Ethics

(1)

Dual Relationships

(1)

Working with Counselors Who May Act Unethically

(1)

The Law and Counseling

(1)

Legal Recognition of Counseling

(1)

Professional Credentialing

(5)

Legal Aspects of the Counseling Relationship

(3)

Civil and Criminal Liability

(1)

Client Rights and Records

(1)

The Counselor in Court

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

(1)

Classroom Activities

(1)

References

(6)

CHAPTER 4 Counseling in a Multicultural and Pluralistic Society

(34)

Counseling Across Culture and Ethnicity

(1)

Defining Culture and Multicultural Counseling

(1)

History of Multicultural Counseling

(1)

Difficulties in Multicultural Counseling

(1)

Issues in Multicultural Counseling

(3)

Counseling Considerations with Specific Cultural Groups

(5)

European Americans

(1)

African Americans

(1)

Hispanics

(1)

Asian and Pacific Islander Americans

(1)

Native American Indians

(1)

International Counseling

(1)

Aged Populations

(3)

Old Age

(1)

Needs of the Aged

(1)

Counseling the Aged

(1)

Gender-Based Counseling

(6)

Counseling Women

(2)

Counseling Men

(3)

Counseling and Sexual Orientation

101

(1)

Counseling and Spirituality

101

(2)

Summary and Conclusion

103

(1)

Classroom Activities

104

(1)

References

104

(9)

PART II COUNSELING PROCESS AND THEORY

113

(176)

CHAPTER 5 Building a Counseling Relationship

115

(26)

Factors That Influence the Counseling Process

116

(9)

Structure

116

(1)

Intiative

117

(5)

The Physical Setting

122

(1)

Client Qualities

123

(1)

Counselor Qualities

123

(2)

Types of Initial Interviews

125

(4)

Client-versus Counselor-Initiated Interviews

125

(1)

Information-Oriented First Interview

126

(1)

Relationship-Oriented First Interview

127

(2)

Conducting the Initial Interview

129

(4)

Empathy

130

(1)

Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior

130

(2)

Nonhelpful Interview Behavior

132

(1)

Exploration and the Identification of Goals

133

(2)

Summary and Conclusion

135

(1)

Classroom Activities

135

(1)

References

136

(5)

CHAPTER 6 Working in a Counseling Relationship

141

(24)

Counselor Skills in the Understanding and Action Phases

143

(16)

Changing Perceptions

143

(1)

Leading

144

(1)

Multifocused Responding

145

(1)

Accurate Empathy

145

(4)

Self-Disclosure

149

(1)

Immediacy

150

(1)

Humor

151

(1)

Confrontation

152

(1)

Contracting

152

(2)

Rehearsal

154

(1)

Transference and Countertransference

155

(4)

The Real Relationship

159

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

159

(1)

Classroom Activities

160

(1)

References

160

(5)

CHAPTER 7 Termination of Counseling Relationships

165

(18)

Function of Termination

166

(1)

Timing of Termination

167

(1)

Issues of Termination

168

(2)

Termination of Individual Sessions

168

(1)

Termination of a Counseling Relationship

169

(1)

Resistance to Termination

170

(2)

Client Resistance

170

(1)

Counselor Resistance

171

(1)

Premature Termination

172

(2)

Counselor-Initiated Termination

174

(1)

Ending on a Positive Note

175

(1)

Issues Related to Termination: Follow-up and Referral

176

(2)

Follow-up

176

(1)

Referral and Recycling

177

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

178

(1)

Classroom Activities

178

(1)

References

179

(4)

CHAPTER 8 Psychoanalytic and Adlerian Approaches to Counseling

183

(26)

Theory into Practice

184

(1)

Psychoanalytic Theories

185

(1)

Classical Psychoanalytic Theory

185

(10)

Sigmund Freud

185

(2)

View of Human Nature

187

(4)

Role of the Counselor

191

(1)

Goals

192

(1)

Techniques

192

(2)

Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations

194

(1)

Adlerian Counseling

195

(8)

Alfred Adler

195

(2)

View of Human Nature

197

(2)

Role of the Counselor

199

(1)

Goals

199

(1)

Techniques

200

(1)

Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations

201

(2)

Summary and Conclusion

203

(1)

Classroom Activities

203

(1)

References

204

(5)

CHAPTER 9 Person-Centered, Existential, and Gestalt Approaches to Counseling

209

(24)

Person-Centered Counseling

210

(6)

Carl Rogers

210

(1)

View of Human Nature

211

(1)

Role of the Counselor

212

(1)

Goals

213

(1)

Techniques

213

(2)

Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations

215

(1)

Existential Counseling

216

(5)

Rollo May

216

(1)

Victor Frankl

217

(1)

View of Human Nature

218

(1)

Role of the Counselor

219

(1)

Goals

219

(1)

Techniques

220

(1)

Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations

220

(1)

Gestalt Therapy

221

(6)

Fritz Perls

222

(1)

View of Human Nature

222

(1)

Role of the Counselor

223

(1)

Goals

224

(1)

Techniques

225

(1)

Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations

226

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

227

(1)

Classroom Activities

228

(1)

References

229

(4)

CHAPTER 10 Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Transactional Analysis

233

(26)

Common Aspects of Cognitive Counseling

234

(1)

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

235

(1)

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

236

(9)

Albert Ellis

236

(1)

View of Human Nature

237

(1)

Role of the Counselor

238

(1)

Goals

238

(2)

Techniques

240

(3)

Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations

243

(2)

Transactional Analysis

245

(9)

Eric Berne

245

(1)

View of Human Nature

246

(5)

Role of the Counselor

251

(1)

Goals

251

(1)

Techniques

252

(1)

Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations

253

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

254

(1)

Classroom Activities

255

(1)

References

255

(4)

CHAPTER 11 Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral, and Reality Therapy

259

(30)

Overview of Behavioral Approaches

260

(1)

Behavioral Theories

261

(9)

B.F. Skinner

261

(1)

View of Human Nature

262

(1)

The Stimulus-Response Model

263

(1)

Applied Behavior Analysis

263

(1)

Social-Cognitive Theory

264

(1)

Role of the Counselor

264

(1)

Goals

265

(1)

Techniques

265

(5)

Cognitive-Behavioral Theory and Techniques

270

(3)

Cognitive Restructuring

270

(1)

Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations

271

(2)

Reality Therapy

273

(7)

William Glasser

273

(1)

View of Human Nature

274

(1)

Role of the Counselor

275

(1)

Goals

276

(1)

Techniques

277

(1)

Evaluation of Uniqueness and Limitations

278

(2)

Development and Integration of Counseling Theories

280

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

280

(1)

Classroom Activities

281

(5)

References

286

(3)

PART III SKILLS AND SPECIALTIES IN THE PRACTICE OF COUNSELING

289

(239)

CHAPTER 12 Marriage and Family Counseling: Systems Theory

291

(30)

The Beginnings of Marriage and Family Counseling

293

(3)

Developments in Psychoanalysis

293

(1)

General Systems Theory

293

(1)

Schizophrenia and Families

294

(1)

Emergence of Marriage Counseling

294

(1)

Growth of the Child Guidance Movement

295

(1)

Emergence of Group Counseling

295

(1)

Postwar Changes

295

(1)

Multicultural Counseling

295

(1)

Associations, Education, and Research

296

(1)

Family Life and the Family Life Cycle

297

(3)

Marriage/Family Counseling versus Individual/Group Counseling

300

(1)

Marriage and Couples Counseling

301

(4)

Psychoanalytic Theory

301

(2)

Social-Cognitive Theory

303

(1)

Bowen Family Systems Theory

303

(1)

Structural-Strategic Theory

304

(1)

Rational Emotive Behavior Theory (REBT)

304

(1)

Evaluation of Marriage and Couples Counseling

304

(1)

Family Counseling

305

(6)

Psychodynamic Family Counseling

307

(1)

Experiential Family Counseling

307

(1)

Behavioral Family Counseling

308

(1)

Structural Family Counseling

308

(2)

Strategic (Brief) Family Counseling

310

(1)

Solution-Focused Family Counseling

310

(1)

Narrative Family Counseling

311

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

311

(1)

Summary Table

312

(3)

Classroom Activities

315

(1)

References

316

(5)

CHAPTER 13 Groups in Counseling

321

(28)

The Place of Groups in Counseling

323

(2)

Types of Groups

325

(3)

Guidance/Psychoeducational Groups

325

(1)

Counseling/Interpersonal Problem-Solving Groups

325

(1)

Psychotherapy/Personality Reconstruction Groups

326

(1)

Task/Work Groups

326

(1)

Traditional and Historical Groups

327

(1)

T-Groups

327

(1)

Encounter Groups

327

(1)

Group Marathon

327

(1)

Psychodrama

328

(1)

Self-Help/Support Groups

328

(1)

Theoretical Approaches in Conducting Groups

328

(3)

Stages in Groups

331

(1)

Issues in Groups

332

(8)

Selection and Preparation of Group Members

334

(4)

Group Size and Duration

338

(1)

Open versus Closed Groups

338

(1)

Confidentiality

338

(1)

Physical Structure

338

(1)

Co-leaders

339

(1)

Self-disclosure

339

(1)

Feedback

339

(1)

Follow-up

340

(1)

Qualities of Effective Group Leaders

340

(1)

The Future of Group Work

341

(3)

Summary and Conclusion

344

(1)

Classroom Activities

344

(1)

References

345

(4)

CHAPTER 14 Career Counseling over the Life Span

349

(32)

The Importance of Career Counseling

351

(1)

Career Counseling Associations and Credentials

351

(1)

The Scope of Career Counseling and Careers

352

(1)

Career Information

353

(2)

Career Development Theories and Counseling

355

(9)

Trait-and-Factor Theory

355

(2)

Psychodynamic Theory

357

(2)

Developmental Theories

359

(3)

Social-Cognitive Theories

362

(1)

Comprehensive Career Counseling

363

(1)

Career Counseling with Diverse Populations

364

(9)

Career Counseling with Children

364

(1)

Career Counseling with Adolescents

365

(3)

Career Counseling with College Students

368

(1)

Career Counseling with Adults

368

(2)

Career Counseling with Women and Cultural Minorities

370

(3)

Summary and Conclusion

373

(1)

Classroom Activities

373

(1)

References

374

(7)

CHAPTER 15 Elementary, Middle, and Secondary School Counseling

381

(30)

Elementary School Counseling and Guidance

383

(6)

Emphases and Roles

384

(1)

Activities

385

(4)

Middle School Counseling and Guidance

389

(7)

Emphases and Roles

393

(1)

Activities

393

(3)

Secondary School Counseling and Guidance

396

(7)

Emphases and Roles

397

(1)

Activities

398

(5)

Summary and Conclusion

403

(1)

Classroom Activities

404

(1)

References

404

(7)

CHAPTER 16 College Counseling and Student Life Services

411

(22)

The Beginning of Student Life Services and College Counseling

413

(1)

The Theoretical Bases and Professional Preparation for Working with College Students

414

(2)

Theoretical Bases

415

(1)

Professional Preparation

416

(1)

College Counseling

416

(6)

Emphases and Roles

416

(1)

Activities

417

(5)

Student Life Professionals

422

(3)

Emphases and Roles

422

(2)

Activities

424

(1)

Counseling and Student Life Services with Nontraditional Students

425

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

426

(1)

Classroom Activities

427

(1)

References

427

(6)

CHAPTER 17 Mental Health, Substance Abuse, and Rehabilitation Counseling

433

(26)

Mental Health Counseling

434

(5)

Theories and Functions

436

(3)

Substance Abuse Counseling

439

(6)

The Nature of Substance Abuse

439

(2)

Preventing Substance Abuse

441

(1)

Treating Substance Abuse

442

(1)

Treating Alcohol Abuse

442

(1)

Treating Other Drug Addictions

443

(1)

Families and Substance Abuse Treatment

443

(1)

Working with Addiction

444

(1)

Women and Cultural Groups in Substance Abuse Treatment

445

(1)

Rehabilitation Counseling

445

(6)

The Education, Certification, and Affiliation of Rehabilitation Counselors

446

(1)

Theories and Techniques

447

(2)

Roles and Functions

449

(2)

Summary and Conclusion

451

(1)

Classroom Activities

452

(1)

References

452

(7)

CHAPTER 18 Consultation

459

(20)

Consultation: Defining a Multifaceted Activity

460

(2)

Consultation versus Counseling

462

(1)

Four Conceptual Models

463

(1)

Levels of Consultation

464

(2)

Individual Consultation

464

(1)

Group Consultation

465

(1)

Organization/Community Consultation

466

(1)

Stages and Attitudes in Consultation

466

(2)

Specific Areas of Consultation

468

(3)

School Consultation

468

(2)

Agency Consultation

470

(1)

Training in Consultation

471

(2)

Summary and Conclusion

473

(1)

Classroom Activities

474

(1)

References

474

(5)

CHAPTER 19 Evaluation and Research

479

(24)

The Nature of Evaluation and Research

480

(1)

Evaluation

481

(4)

Incorrect Evaluation Methods

481

(1)

Steps in Evaluation

481

(1)

Selecting an Evaluation Model

482

(3)

Counselors and Research

485

(1)

Research

486

(11)

Steps in the Research Process

487

(1)

The Relevance of Research

488

(1)

Choosing a Research Method

488

(1)

Emphases of Research

489

(1)

Major Research Methods

490

(5)

Guidelines for Using Research

495

(1)

Statistics

495

(2)

Summary and Conclusion

497

(1)

Classroom Activities

497

(1)

References

498

(5)

CHAPTER 20 Testing, Assessment, and Diagnosis in Counseling

503

(25)

Tests and Test Scores

504

(15)

A History of Tests in Counseling

505

(2)

Problems and Potential of Using Tests

507

(1)

Qualities of Good Tests

508

(2)

Classification of Tests

510

(7)

Administration and Interpretation of Tests

517

(2)

Assessment

519

(2)

Diagnosis

521

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

522

(1)

Classroom Activities

523

(1)

References

523

(5)

APPENDIX A Ethical Standards of the American Counseling Association

528

(18)

APPENDIX B Ethical Standards of the American Psychological Association

546

(18)

APPENDIX C Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) Classifications

564

(10)

APPENDIX D Counseling-Related Organizations

574

(1)

Name Index

575

(16)

Subject Index

591

(17)

About the Author

608

Counseling : A Comprehensive Profession

9780130803337

0130803332

Summary

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