Clark Spencer Larsen, PhD, is Distinguished University Professor at Ohio State University, USA. He is the founding editor of the book series Bioarchaeological Interpretations of the Human Past and has served as president of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Over the course of his career, he authored and edited more than 35 books and monographs, including Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton, Second Edition (2015) and Our Origins: Discovering Biological Anthropology, Fifth Edition (2020), and was the Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology.

Notes on Contributors x

Acknowledgments xx

Foreword xxii

1 The Breadth and Vision of Biological Anthropology 1
Clark Spencer Larsen

Part I: History 13

2 Foundation and History of Biological Anthropology 15
Michael A. Little and Jane E. Buikstra

Part II: The Present and the Living 39

3 Evolution: What It Means and How We Know 41
Kenneth M. Weiss and Anne V. Buchanan

4 Systematics, Taxonomy, and Phylogenetics: Ordering Life, Past and Present 55
Alexis Uluutku and Bernard Wood

5 Diversity, Ancestry, and Evolution: The Genetics of Human Populations 73
John H. Relethford

6 Human Population Genomics: Diversity and Adaptation 87
Dennis H. O’Rourke

7 Race, Racism, and Racial Thinking: Implications for Biological Anthropology 103
Rachel Caspari

8 Human Life History Evolution: Growth, Development, and Senescence 122
Douglas E. Crews and Barry Bogin

9 Climate-Related Human Biological Variation 140
Cynthia M. Beall

10 Infectious Disease and Epidemiology: Dealing with the Present and Preparing for Future New Epidemics 167
Lisa Sattenspiel and Carolyn Orbann

11 Evolutionary Insights into the Social and Environmental Drivers of Health Inequality: The Example of theGlobal Epidemic of Overweight and Cardiovascular Diseases 184
Christopher W. Kuzawa and Melissa B. Manus

12 Ancient DNA and Disease 199
Anne Stone

13 Paleogenomics: Ancient DNA in Biological Anthropology 210
C. Eduardo Guerra Amorim

14 Demography, Including Paleodemography 223
Lyle W. Konigsberg George R. Milner, and Jesper L. Boldsen

15 Nutritional Anthropology: Contemporary Themes in Food, Diet, and Nutrition 244
Darna L. Dufour and Barbara A. Piperata

16 Ongoing Evolution: Are We Still Evolving? 262
Fabian Crespo

17 Primates Defined 277
W. Scott McGraw

18 Primate Behavior, Social Flexibility, and Conservation 300
Karen B. Strier

19 Behavioral Ecology: Background and Illustrative Example 314
James F. O’Connell and Kristen Hawkes

20 Brain, Cognition, and Behavior in Humans and Other Primates 329
Elaine N. Miller and Chet C. Sherwood

Part III: The Past and the Dead 345

21 Taphonomy and Biological Anthropology 347
Luis L. Cabo, Dennis C. Dirkmaat, and Andrea M. Zurek-Ost

22 Primate Origins: The Earliest Primates and Euprimates and Their Role in the Evolution of the Order 365
Mary T. Silcox and Sergi López-Torres

23 Catarrhine Origins and Evolution 381
David R. Begun

24 The Human Journey Begins: Origins and Diversity in Early Hominins 400
Scott W. Simpson

25 Early Homo: Systematics, Paleobiology, and the First Out-of-Africa Dispersals 421
G. Philip Rightmire

26 Panmixis in Middle and Late Pleistocene Human Subspecies: The Genetic/Genomic Revolution inPaleoanthropology 440
Fred H. Smith and Whitney M. Karriger

27 Bioarchaeology: Transformations in Lifestyle, Morbidity, and Mortality 458
George R. Milner and Clark Spencer Larsen

28 Paleopathology: A Twenty-first Century Perspective 474
Jane E. Buikstra

29 Forensic Anthropology: Current Issues 494
Douglas H. Ubelaker

30 Diet reconstruction and Ecology 510
Margaret J. Schoeninger and Laurie J. Reitsema

31 Current Concepts in Bone Biology 527
Mary E. Cole, James H. Gosman, and Samuel D. Stout

32 Deducing Attributes of Dental Growth and Development from Fossil Hominin Teeth 544
Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg

33 Skull: Function – New Directions 559
Qian Wang and Rachel A. Menegaz

34 Dental Microwear Analysis: Wear We Are Going, Wear We Have Been 572
Christopher W. Schmidt and Peter S. Ungar

35 Primate Locomotion: A Comparative and Developmental Perspective 587
Michael C. Granatosky and Jesse W. Young

36 Teaching Biological Anthropology: Pedagogy of Human Evolution and Human Variation 603
Briana Pobiner

Index 622

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