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Cognitive Psychology With Infotrac: In and Out of the Laboratory

by: Galotti, Kathleen M.

Cognitive Psychology With Infotrac: In and Out of the Laboratory

by: Galotti, Kathleen M.

ISBN 13:
9780534600846
ISBN 10:
0534600840
Edition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 07/21/2003
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Part 1: OVERVIEW. 1. Cognitive Psychology: History, Methods, and Paradigms. Part II: BASIC PROCESSES. 2. Perceiving Objects and Recognizing Patterns. 3. Paying Attention. 4. Forming and Using New Memory Traces. 5. Retrieving Memories from Long-Term Storage. Part III: REPRESENTATION AND ORGANIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE. 6. Memory for General Knowledge. 7. Concepts and Categorization. 8. Visual Imagery. Part IV: USE AND MANIPULATION OF INFORMATION. 9. Language. 10. Thinking and Problem Solving. 11. Reasoning. 12. Making Decisions. Part V: INDIVIDUAL AND SITUATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN COGNITION. 13. Cognitive Development Through Adolescence. 14. Gender and Individual Differences. 15. Cognition in Cross-Cultural Perspectives.

Part I Overview

(39)

Cognitive Psychology: History, Methods, and Paradigms

(37)

A Brief History of the Study of Cognition

(14)

Structuralism

(1)

Functionalism

(2)

Behaviorism

(2)

Gestalt Psychology

(1)

Genetic Epistemology

(1)

The Study of Individual Differences

(2)

The ``Cognitive Revolution''

(3)

Current Trends in the Study of Cognition

(1)

General Points

(1)

Research Methods in Cognitive Psychology

(9)

Naturalistic Observation

(1)

Introspection

(1)

Controlled Observation and Clinical Interviews

(1)

Experiments and Quasi-Experiments

(1)

Investigations of Neural Underpinnings

(6)

Paradigms of Cognitive Psychology

(7)

The Information-Processing Approach

(2)

The Connectionist Approach

(2)

The Evolutionary Approach

(1)

The Ecological Approach

(2)

General Points

(1)

Summary

(2)

Review Questions

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

(1)

Search Terms

(1)

Web Resources

(1)

Part II Basic Processes

(170)

Perceiving Objects and Recognizing Patterns

(46)

Gestalt Approaches to Perception

(4)

Bottom-Up Processes

(15)

Template Matching

(3)

Featural Analysis

(7)

Prototype Matching

(4)

Top-Down Processes

(12)

Perceptual Learning

(2)

Change Blindness

(2)

The Word Superiority Effect

(1)

A Connectionist Model of Word Perception

(2)

A Neuropsychological Perspective on Word Perception

(2)

Direct Perception

(5)

Disruptions of Perception: Visual Agnosias

(3)

Summary

(2)

Review Questions

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

(1)

Search Terms

(1)

Web Resources

(1)

Paying Attention

(43)

Selective Attention

(15)

Filter Theory

(5)

Attenuation Theory

(1)

Late-Selection Theory

(1)

Multimode Theory

(1)

Attention, Capacity, and Mental Effort

(3)

Schema Theory

102

(2)

Neuropsychological Studies of Attention

104

(4)

Networks of Visual Attention

105

(2)

Event-Related Potentials and Selective Attention

107

(1)

Automaticity and the Effects of Practice

108

(9)

The Stroop Task

109

(2)

Automatic versus Attentional (Controlled) Processing

111

(3)

Feature Integration Theory

114

(2)

Attentional Capture

116

(1)

Divided Attention

117

(9)

Dual-Task Performance

117

(2)

The Attention Hypothesis of Automatization

119

(1)

The Psychological Refractory Period (PRP)

120

(4)

Divided Attention Outside the Laboratory: Cell Phone Usage While Driving

124

(2)

Summary

126

(1)

Review Questions

127

(1)

Key Terms

128

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

128

(1)

Search Terms

128

(1)

Web Resources

128

(1)

Forming and Using New Memory Traces

129

(32)

Metaphors of Memory

131

(3)

Sensory Memory

134

(4)

The Icon

134

(2)

The Echo

136

(2)

Short-Term Memory

138

(9)

Capacity

138

(1)

Coding

139

(1)

Retention Duration and Forgetting

140

(4)

Retrieval of Information

144

(3)

Working Memory

147

(5)

Executive Functioning

152

(1)

Neurological Studies of Memory Processes

153

(4)

Summary

157

(1)

Review Questions

158

(1)

Key Terms

159

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

159

(1)

Search Terms

160

(1)

Web Resources

160

(1)

Retrieving Memories from Long-Term Storage

161

(48)

The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory

162

(14)

Capacity

162

(1)

Coding

163

(1)

Retention Duration

164

(1)

Forgetting

165

(7)

Retrieval of Information

172

(4)

The Levels-of-Processing View

176

(4)

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

180

(17)

Autobiographical Memory

182

(4)

Flashbulb Memories

186

(2)

Eyewitness Memory

188

(3)

The Recovered/False Memory Debate

191

(6)

Amnesia

197

(7)

Anterograde Amnesia

198

(2)

Retrograde Amnesia

200

(4)

Summary

204

(2)

Review Questions

206

(1)

Key Terms

207

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

207

(1)

Search Terms

207

(1)

Web Resources

207

(2)

Part III Representation and Organization of Knowledge

209

(96)

Memory for General Knowledge

210

(34)

The Semantic/Episodic Distinction

212

(4)

Semantic Memory Models

216

(16)

The Hierarchical Semantic Network Model

217

(5)

The Feature Comparison Model

222

(3)

Other Network Models

225

(4)

Connectionist Models

229

(3)

Schemata

232

(3)

Scripts

234

(1)

Implicit versus Explicit Memory

235

(6)

The Process Dissociation Framework

238

(3)

Summary

241

(1)

Review Questions

242

(1)

Key Terms

242

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

243

(1)

Search Terms

243

(1)

Web Resources

243

(1)

Concepts and Categorization

244

(28)

Theoretical Descriptions of the Nature of Concepts

247

(10)

The Classical View

247

(2)

The Prototype View

249

(5)

The Exemplar View

254

(1)

The Schemata View

255

(1)

The Knowledge-Based View

255

(2)

Forming New Concepts and Classifying New Instances

257

(12)

Concept Attainment Strategies

258

(3)

Acquiring Prototypes

261

(1)

Implicit Concept Learning

262

(4)

Using and Forming Scripts

266

(1)

Psychological Essentialism

267

(2)

Summary

269

(1)

Review Questions

270

(1)

Key Terms

270

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

270

(1)

Search Terms

271

(1)

Web Resources

271

(1)

Visual Imagery

272

(33)

Mnemonics and Memory Codes

274

(5)

Mnemonics

274

(3)

The Dual-Coding Hypothesis

277

(1)

The Relational-Organizational Hypothesis

278

(1)

Empirical Investigations of Imagery

279

(12)

Mental Rotation of Images

281

(5)

Scanning Images

286

(5)

The Nature of Mental Imagery

291

(9)

Principles of Visual Imagery

292

(3)

Critiques of Mental Imagery Research and Theory

295

(5)

Neuropsychological Findings

300

(2)

Summary

302

(1)

Review Questions

303

(1)

Key Terms

303

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

303

(1)

Search Terms

304

(1)

Web Resources

304

(1)

Part IV Use and Manipulation of Information

305

(160)

Language

306

(49)

The Structure of Language

309

(12)

Phonology

311

(2)

Syntax

313

(5)

Semantics

318

(1)

Pragmatics

319

(2)

Language Comprehension and Production

321

(22)

Speech Perception

321

(4)

Speech Errors in Production

325

(1)

Sentence Comprehension

326

(4)

Comprehending Text Passages

330

(7)

Story Grammars

337

(2)

Gricean Maxims of Conversation

339

(4)

Language and Cognition

343

(9)

The Modularity Hypothesis

344

(1)

The Whorfian Hypothesis

345

(3)

Neuropsychological Views and Evidence

348

(4)

Summary

352

(1)

Review Questions

353

(1)

Key Terms

354

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

354

(1)

Search Terms

354

(1)

Web Resources

354

(1)

Thinking and Problem Solving

355

(36)

Classic Problems and General Methods of Solution

359

(9)

Generate-and-Test Technique

359

(2)

Means--Ends Analysis

361

(2)

Working Backward

363

(1)

Backtracking

364

(1)

Reasoning by Analogy

365

(3)

Blocks to Problem Solving

368

(8)

Mental Set

368

(4)

Using Incomplete or Incorrect Representations

372

(2)

Lack of Problem-Specific Knowledge or Expertise

374

(2)

The Problem Space Hypothesis

376

(3)

Expert Systems

379

(3)

Finding Creative Solutions

382

(3)

Unconscious Processing and Incubation

382

(1)

Everyday Mechanisms

383

(2)

Critical Thinking

385

(2)

Summary

387

(2)

Review Questions

389

(1)

Key Terms

389

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

389

(1)

Search Terms

389

(1)

Web Resources

390

(1)

Reasoning

391

(36)

Types of Reasoning

393

(12)

Deductive Reasoning

394

(6)

Inductive Reasoning

400

(4)

Everyday Reasoning

404

(1)

Patterns of Reasoning Performance

405

(6)

Effects of Premise Phrasing

405

(1)

Alteration of Premise Meaning

406

(2)

Failure to Consider All Possibilities

408

(1)

Content and Believability Effects

408

(3)

Biases

411

(1)

Three Approaches to the Study of Reasoning

411

(13)

The Componential Approach

412

(3)

The Rules/Heuristics Approach

415

(4)

The Mental Models Approach

419

(5)

Summary

424

(1)

Review Questions

425

(1)

Key Terms

426

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

426

(1)

Search Terms

426

(1)

Web Resources

426

(1)

Making Decisions

427

(38)

Phases of Decision Making

429

(3)

Setting Goals

430

(1)

Gathering Information

430

(1)

Structuring the Decision

430

(1)

Making a Final Choice

431

(1)

Evaluating

432

(1)

Basic Concepts of Probability

432

(2)

Cognitive Illusions in Decision Making

434

(15)

Availability

435

(2)

Representativeness

437

(4)

Framing Effects

441

(1)

Anchoring

441

(1)

Sunk Cost Effects

442

(1)

Illusory Correlation

443

(1)

Hindsight Bias

444

(2)

Confirmation Bias

446

(1)

Overconfidence

447

(2)

Utility Models of Decision Making

449

(8)

Expected Utility Theory

449

(3)

Multiattribute Utility Theory

452

(5)

Descriptive Models of Decision Making

457

(1)

Image Theory

457

(1)

Recognition-Primed Decision Making

458

(1)

Improving Decision Making

458

(3)

Summary

461

(1)

Review Questions

462

(1)

Key Terms

463

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

463

(1)

Search Terms

463

(1)

Web Resources

464

(1)

Part V Individual and Situational Differences in Cognition

465

(114)

Cognitive Development Through Adolescence

466

(39)

Piagetian Theory

468

(12)

General Principles

468

(2)

Stages of Development

470

(8)

Reactions to Piaget's Theory

478

(2)

Non-Piagetian Approaches to Cognitive Development

480

(12)

Perceptual Development in Infancy

481

(2)

Toddlers' Acquisition of Syntax

483

(2)

Preschoolers' Use of Memorial Strategies

485

(3)

Conceptual Development in Early Childhood

488

(2)

The Development of Reasoning Abilities in Middle and Late Childhood

490

(2)

Some Post-Piagetian Answers to the Question ``What Develops?''

492

(10)

Neurological Maturation

492

(1)

Working-Memory Capacity and Processing Speed

493

(2)

Attention and Perceptual Encoding

495

(1)

The Knowledge Base and Knowledge Structures

496

(3)

Strategies

499

(1)

Metacognition

500

(2)

Summary

502

(1)

Review Questions

503

(1)

Key Terms

503

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

503

(1)

Search Terms

504

(1)

Web Resources

504

(1)

Individual and Gender Differences in Cognition

505

(33)

Individual Differences in Cognition

506

(12)

Ability Differences

506

(6)

Cognitive Styles

512

(3)

Expert/Novice Differences

515

(1)

The Effects of Aging on Cognition

516

(2)

Gender Differences in Cognition

518

(16)

Gender Differences in Skills and Abilities

521

(9)

Gender Differences in Learning and Cognitive Styles

530

(4)

Summary

534

(2)

Review Questions

536

(1)

Key Terms

536

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

536

(1)

Search Terms

537

(1)

Web Resources

537

(1)

Cognition in Cross-Cultural Perspective

538

(41)

Examples of Studies of Cross-Cultural Cognition

544

(21)

Cross-Cultural Studies of Perception

544

(6)

Cross-Cultural Studies of Memory

550

(4)

Cross-Cultural Studies of Categorization

554

(4)

Cross-Cultural Studies of Reasoning

558

(3)

Cross-Cultural Studies of Counting

561

(4)

Effects of Schooling and Literacy

565

(7)

Situated Cognition in Everyday Settings

572

(4)

Summary

576

(1)

Review Questions

577

(1)

Key Terms

578

(1)

Coglab Demonstrations

578

(1)

Search Terms

578

(1)

Web Resources

578

(1)

Glossary

579

(12)

References

591

(30)

Credits

621

(6)

Author Index

627

(10)

Subject Index

637

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Cognitive Psychology With Infotrac: In and Out of the Laboratory

Cognitive Psychology With Infotrac: In and Out of the Laboratory

9780534600846

0534600840

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Cognitive Psychology With Infotrac: In and Out of the Laboratory

Cognitive Psychology With Infotrac: In and Out of the Laboratory

9780534600846

0534600840

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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