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CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS POCKET REFERENCE

by: Murphy, John E.

CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS POCKET REFERENCE

by: Murphy, John E.

ISBN 13:
9781879907980
ISBN 10:
1879907984
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2001
Publisher: Amer Soc of Health System
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Summary

Univ. of Arizona, Tuscon. Pocket-sized text for pharmacy students, serving as a clinical reference offering the key principles in pharmacokinetics and their applications in drug therapy. Includes new content on dosing for pediatric patients, estimating creatinine clearance, and the use and interpretation of drug concentration measurements. Previous edition: c1993. Softcover.

Preface

xxiii

Contributors

xxvii

Reviewers

xxxiii

Introduction

xxxv

John E. Murphy

General Pharmacokinetic Principles

xxxv

Initiating therapy

xxxv

Using population mean values

xxxv

Considering other factors in pharmacokinetic monitoring

xxxvi

Verifying drug concentration measurements

xxxviii

Determining need for dosage adjustments

xxxix

Deciding on monitoring frequency

xxxix

A Basic Pharmacokinetic Glossary

Selected pharmacokinetic terminology

Selected pharmacokinetic symbols

xlii

General Estimating Equations

xliv

Calculating lean or ideal body weight (IBW) in adults

xlv

Calculating ideal body weight (IBW) in children aged 1-18 years

xlv

Calculating surface area (SA) in meters

xlv

General Pharmacokinetic Equations

xlvi

References

xlviii

Estimating Creatinine Clearance

(14)

Robert E. Pachorek

Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate by Creatinine Clearance

(10)

Formulas to estimate creatinine clearance in adults

(3)

Body weight

(1)

Low serum creatinine/elderly patients

(1)

Amputations

(1)

Spinal cord injury

(1)

Chronic renal insufficiency

(1)

Dialysis

(1)

Liver disease

(1)

Pediatrics

(1)

Patients with unstable renal function

(1)

Time to Steady-State Serum Creatinine Concentration

(1)

Creatinine Clearance Estimation in Unstable Renal Function

(1)

References

(3)

Rational Use of Drug Concentration Measurements

(8)

James P. McCormack

Glen Brown

Evaluating the Need for a Drug Concentration Measurement

(2)

Drug selection

(1)

Efficacy issues

(1)

Toxicity issues

(1)

Adherence issues

(1)

Approaches to Dosing with Limited Need for Drug Concentration Measurements

(3)

Immediate effect required or expected

(1)

Immediate effect not required or expected

(1)

Titrating the dose up

(1)

Titrating the dose down

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Aminoglycosides

(38)

John E. Murphy

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

(6)

Loading dose

(1)

Maintenance dose

(2)

Dosing interval determination-traditional dosing

(1)

Dosing and dosing intervals-(LDEI) dosing

(2)

Dosage Form Availability

(2)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

(1)

Protein binding

(1)

Clearance (CL)

(1)

Volume of distribution (V)

(3)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

(2)

Therapeutic Range

(2)

Suggested Sampling Times and Effect on Therapeutic Range

(1)

Monitoring Aminoglycoside Patients

(5)

Aminoglycoside concentration measurements

(1)

Assay issues

(1)

Initial concentration measurement

(1)

Follow-up concentration measurements

(1)

LDEI dosing

(1)

Approach to monitoring

(1)

Renal Function

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

(2)

Drug-Drug Interactions

(1)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

(1)

Summary

(1)

References

(9)

Newer Antiepileptic Drugs

(18)

William R. Garnett

Dosage Forms of Newer Antiepileptic Drugs

(1)

Felbamate

(2)

Gabapentin

(3)

Lamotrigine

(2)

Tiagabine

(2)

Topiramate

(2)

Use of the New Antiepileptic Drugs

(1)

References

(5)

Antirejection Agents

(18)

Janet Karlix

Joe Walker

Cyclosporine: Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

(1)

Cyclosporine: Dosage Form Availability

(1)

Cyclosporine: Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

(1)

Cyclosporine: General Pharmacokinetic Information

(1)

Absorption

(1)

Binding

(1)

Metabolism

(1)

Elimination

(1)

Cyclosporine: Clearance (CL)

(1)

Cyclosporine: Volume of Distribution (V)

(1)

Cyclosporine: Half-Life and Time to Steady State

(1)

Cyclosporine: Therapeutic Range

(1)

Cyclosporine: Suggested Sampling Times

(1)

Cyclosporine: Pharmacodynamic Monitoring

(1)

Concentration-related efficacy

(1)

Concentration-related toxicity

(1)

Cyclosporine: Drug-Drug Interactions

(2)

Cyclosporine: Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

(1)

Tacrolimus: Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

(1)

Tacrolimus: Dosage Form Availability

(1)

Tacrolimus: Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

(1)

Tacrolimus: General Pharmacokinetic Information

(1)

Absorption

(1)

Distribution

(1)

Metabolism

(1)

Excretion

(1)

Tacrolimus: Clearance (CL)

(1)

Tacrolimus: Volume of Distribution (V)

(1)

Tacrolimus: Half-Life and Time to Steady State

(1)

Tacrolimus: Suggested Sampling Times

(1)

Tacrolimus: Therapeutic Range

(1)

Tacrolimus: Pharmacodynamic Monitoring

(1)

Concentration-related efficacy

(1)

Concentration-related toxicity

(1)

Tacrolimus: Drug-Drug Interactions

(1)

Tacrolimus: Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

(1)

References

(3)

Carbamazepine

(22)

William R. Garnett

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

(2)

Dosage Form Availability

(1)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

(2)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

101

(3)

Absorption

101

(1)

Distribution

102

(1)

Protein binding

102

(1)

Maternal/breast feeding/saliva

103

(1)

Elimination

103

(1)

Clearance (CL)

104

(1)

Volume of Distribution (V)

105

(1)

Protein Binding

105

(1)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

106

(1)

Therapeutic Range

106

(1)

Suggested Sampling Times and Effect on Therapeutic Range

107

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

108

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

108

(1)

Drug-Drug Interactions

109

(2)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

111

(1)

References

112

(7)

Cyclic Antidepressants

119

(24)

C. Lindsay Devane

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

121

(2)

Dosage Form Availability

123

(2)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

125

(3)

Therapeutic Range

128

(4)

Tricyclic antidepressants

128

(1)

Other antidepressants

129

(3)

Suggested Sampling Times

132

(1)

Further Considerations for Sampling

133

(1)

Drug-Drug Interactions

134

(3)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

137

(2)

Adolescence

137

(1)

Advanced age

137

(1)

Alcoholism, alcoholic liver disease

137

(1)

Cardiac disease

138

(1)

Inflammatory disease states

138

(1)

Nutritional status

138

(1)

Renal failure

138

(1)

Smoking status

138

(1)

Thyroid disease

139

(1)

References

139

(4)

Digoxin

143

(12)

Martin L. Job

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

143

(1)

Dosage Form Availability

144

(1)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

145

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

145

(1)

Clearance (CL)

146

(1)

Volume of Distribution (V)

147

(1)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

147

(1)

Therapeutic Range

148

(1)

Suggested Sampling Times

149

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

149

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

150

(1)

Drug-Drug Interactions

150

(2)

References

152

(3)

Ethosuximide

155

(10)

William R. Garnett

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

155

(1)

Dosage Form Availability

156

(1)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

156

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

156

(2)

Absorption

156

(1)

Distribution

157

(1)

Metabolism

157

(1)

Clearance (CL)

158

(1)

Volume of Distribution (V)

158

(1)

Protein Binding

158

(1)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

159

(1)

Therapeutic Range

159

(1)

Suggested Sampling Times and Effect on Therapeutic Range

159

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

160

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

161

(1)

Drug-Drug Interactions

161

(1)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

162

(1)

References

162

(3)

Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin

165

(40)

James B. Groce III

Heparin: Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

165

(2)

Treating Thromboembolic Disease

167

(1)

Heparin: Dosage Form Availability

168

(1)

Heparin: Bioavailability (F) of Routes of Administration

169

(1)

Heparin: General Pharmacokinetic Information

169

(3)

Heparin: Therapeutic Range

172

(3)

Heparin: Suggested Sampling Times and Monitoring

175

(2)

Monitoring

176

(1)

Heparin: Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

177

(1)

Heparin: Pharmacodynamic Monitoring--Concentration-Related Toxicity

178

(4)

Reversing Heparin's Effect

182

(1)

Heparin: Drug-Drug Interactions

182

(1)

Heparin: Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

183

(1)

Heparin: Pharmacokinetic Dosing Approaches

184

(4)

Summary of Heparin Dosing and Monitoring

188

(1)

Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH)

189

(2)

LMWH: Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

191

(2)

LMWH: Dosage Form Availability

193

(1)

LMWH: Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

193

(1)

LMWH: General Pharmacokinetic Information

193

(1)

LMWH: Therapeutic Range

194

(1)

LMWH: Suggested Sampling Times and Effect on Therapeutic Range

195

(1)

LMWH: Pharmacodynamic Monitoring-Concentration-Related Efficacy

195

(1)

LMWH: Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

196

(1)

LMWH: Reversing the Effect of LMWHs

197

(1)

LMWH: Drug-Drug Interactions

197

(1)

LMWH: Drug-Disease State or Condition Interaction

197

(1)

Summary of LMWH Dosing and Monitoring

198

(1)

References

198

(7)

Lidocaine

205

(24)

Paul E. Nolan, Jr.

Toby C. Trujillo

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

205

(1)

Dosage Form Availability

206

(1)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

207

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

207

(3)

Distribution

207

(1)

Elimination

208

(1)

Metabolism

208

(1)

Protein binding

209

(1)

Clearance (CL)

210

(1)

Volume of Distribution (V)

211

(1)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

211

(1)

Therapeutic Range

212

(1)

Suggested Sampling Times and Effect on Therapeutic Range

212

(1)

Clinical Use

213

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring: Concentration-Related Efficacy and Toxicity

214

(1)

Drug-Drug Interactions

215

(1)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

216

(3)

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

216

(1)

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

217

(1)

Hepatic disease

217

(1)

Renal disease

218

(1)

Morbid obesity

218

(1)

Advanced age (elderly)

218

(1)

Pregnancy and Lactation

219

(1)

Dosing Strategies

219

(5)

Explanation of Method 7: endotracheal administration

220

(3)

Comparisons of dosing methods

223

(1)

References

224

(5)

Lithium

229

(18)

Stanley W. Carson

Sarah H. Roberts

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

230

(1)

Dosage Form Availability

230

(1)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

231

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

231

(1)

Distribution

231

(1)

Elimination

232

(1)

Clearance (CL)

232

(3)

Dosage prediction by a priori demographics

234

(1)

Dosage prediction by lithium renal clearance estimation

234

(1)

Dosage prediction by population pharmacokinetics

235

(1)

Dosage prediction by Bayesian computer software

235

(1)

Volume of Distribution (V)

235

(1)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

236

(1)

Therapeutic Range

236

(1)

Suggested Sampling Times and Effect on Therapeutic Range

236

(2)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

238

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---``Follow-up'' Concentrations

238

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

239

(1)

Drug-Drug Interactions

239

(1)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

240

(2)

References

242

(5)

Methotrexate

247

(24)

Mary E. Teresi

John N. McCormick

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

247

(1)

Dosage Form Availability

248

(1)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

249

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

250

(2)

Protein binding

250

(1)

Distribution

250

(1)

Elimination

251

(1)

Metabolism

252

(1)

Clearance (CL)

252

(2)

Volume of Distribution (V)

254

(1)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

254

(1)

Therapeutic Range

255

(1)

Suggested Sampling Times and Effect on Therapeutic Range

256

(1)

Leucovorin Rescue

256

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

257

(2)

Psoriasis

258

(1)

Rheumatoid arthritis

258

(1)

Asthma

258

(1)

Pregnancy termination

258

(1)

Cancer

258

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

259

(4)

Chronic LDMTX therapy

259

(1)

HDMTX (follow protocol guidelines)

260

(1)

Chronic liver toxicity (cirrhosis and fibrosis)

260

(1)

Pulmonary fibrosis

261

(1)

Myelosuppression

261

(1)

GI toxicity

261

(1)

Acute hepatic toxicity

262

(1)

Nephrotoxicity

262

(1)

Leukoencephalopathy

262

(1)

Miscellaneous

262

(1)

Risk factors for LDMTX-induced hepatotoxicity

262

(1)

Risk factors for HDMTX toxicity

263

(1)

Drug-Drug Interactions

263

(2)

Cisplatin

263

(1)

Cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C)

264

(1)

Etretinate

264

(1)

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)

264

(1)

Organic acids

264

(1)

Nonabsorbable antibiotics

264

(1)

Omeprazole

265

(1)

NSAIDs

265

(1)

Vincristine

265

(1)

VP-16 and VM-26

265

(1)

Miscellaneous

265

(1)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

265

(1)

References

266

(5)

Phenobarbital

271

(14)

Douglas M. Anderson

Kimberly B. Tallian

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

271

(1)

Dosage Form Availability

272

(1)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

273

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

273

(1)

Clearance

273

(1)

Metabolism

274

(1)

Protein binding

274

(1)

Clearance (CL)

274

(1)

Volume of Distribution (V)

275

(1)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

276

(1)

Therapeutic Range

276

(2)

Suggested Sampling Times and Effect on Therapeutic Range

278

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

279

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

279

(1)

Drug-Drug Interactions

280

(2)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

282

(1)

References

282

(3)

Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin

285

(20)

Michael E. Winter

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

285

(1)

Loading dose

285

(1)

Maintenance dose

286

(1)

Dosage Form Availability

286

(2)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

288

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

289

(1)

Clearance (CL)

290

(1)

Volume of Distribution (V)

291

(1)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

292

(1)

Therapeutic Range

293

(1)

Suggested Sampling Times

294

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

295

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

295

(2)

Nystagmus

296

(1)

CNS depression

296

(1)

Nonconcentration-related side effects

297

(1)

Drug-Drug Interactions

297

(2)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

299

(2)

Hepatic disease---cirrhosis

299

(1)

Renal failure

299

(1)

Obesity

299

(1)

Malabsorption

300

(1)

AIDS

300

(1)

Pregnancy and lactation

300

(1)

References

301

(4)

Procainamide

305

(14)

John A. Piper

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

305

(2)

Dosage Form Availability

307

(1)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

308

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

308

(1)

Clearance

308

(1)

Metabolism

308

(1)

Protein binding

308

(1)

Clearance (CL)

309

(1)

Volume of Distribution (Vss)

310

(1)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

311

(1)

N-Acetylprocainamide (NAPA) Predictions

311

(1)

NAPA production

311

(1)

Clearance (CL)

312

(1)

Volume (V)

312

(1)

Half-life (t1/2)

312

(1)

Therapeutic Range

312

(1)

Suggested Sampling Times and Effect on Therapeutic Range

313

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

314

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

314

(1)

Important Drug-Drug Interactions

315

(1)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

316

(1)

References

317

(2)

Quinidine

319

(26)

Paul E. Nolan, Jr.

Christy M. Evans

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

319

(1)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

320

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

321

(4)

Absorption

322

(1)

Distribution

323

(1)

Elimination

323

(1)

Metabolism

324

(1)

Protein binding

324

(1)

Clearance (CL)

325

(1)

Volume of Distribution (V)

326

(1)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

326

(1)

Therapeutic Range

326

(1)

Dosing Strategies

327

(2)

Suggested Sampling Times and Effect on Therapeutic Range

329

(3)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

332

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

333

(2)

Drug-Drug Interactions

335

(2)

Pharmacodynamics Interactions

337

(1)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

337

(1)

References

338

(7)

Theophylline

345

(16)

Edress H. Darsey

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

345

(2)

Loading dose

345

(1)

Maintenance dose

346

(1)

Dosage Form Availability

347

(3)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

350

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

351

(1)

Clearance and metabolism

351

(1)

Protein binding

351

(1)

Clearance (CL)

351

(1)

Volume of Distribution (V)

352

(1)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

353

(1)

Therapeutic Range

353

(1)

Suggested Sampling Times and Effect on Therapeutic Range

354

(1)

Neonates

354

(1)

Infants, children, adults, and geriatrics

354

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

355

(1)

Asthma or COPD

355

(1)

Apnea or bradycardia in neonates

355

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

355

(1)

Drug-Drug Interactions

356

(1)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

357

(2)

References

359

(2)

Valproic Acid

361

(14)

Barry E. Gidal

Nina M. Graves

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

361

(1)

Dosage Form Availability

362

(1)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

362

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

363

(1)

Clearance

363

(1)

Metabolism

363

(1)

Protein binding

364

(1)

Clearance (CL)

364

(1)

Volume of Distribution (V)

365

(1)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

365

(1)

Therapeutic Range

365

(2)

Effect of age

367

(1)

Dosing

367

(1)

Suggested Sampling Times and Effect on Therapeutic Range

367

(2)

Timing of sample collections

367

(1)

Resampling guidelines

368

(1)

Initial monitoring guidelines

368

(1)

Dosage adjustment

368

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

369

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

369

(1)

Drug-Drug Interactions

369

(1)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

370

(1)

References

371

(4)

Vancomycin

375

(14)

Reginald F. Frye

Gary R. Matzke

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

375

(1)

Dosage Form Availability

376

(1)

Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms

376

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

376

(1)

Disposition

376

(1)

Elimination

377

(1)

Protein binding

377

(1)

Clearance (CL)

377

(1)

Volume of Distribution (V)

378

(1)

Half-Life and Time to Steady State

379

(1)

Therapeutic Range

380

(1)

Suggested Sampling Times and Effect on Therapeutic Range

380

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Efficacy

381

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring---Concentration-Related Toxicity

382

(1)

Concentration-related toxicities

382

(1)

Nonconcentration-related toxicities

382

(1)

Drug-Drug Interactions

383

(1)

Drug-Disease State Interactions

383

(2)

References

385

(4)

Warfarin

389

(30)

Douglas F. Covey

Usual Dosage Range in Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors

390

(1)

Dosage Form Availability

391

(1)

General Pharmacokinetic Information

391

(3)

Pharmacodynamic Basis of Action

394

(2)

Prothrombin complex activity and half-life

394

(1)

Time course of PT elevation

395

(1)

Therapeutic Range

396

(2)

Prothrombin time

396

(1)

International normalized ration (INR)

396

(2)

Warfarin Dosing Strategies and Suggested Sampling Times

398

(7)

Overlap with heparin therapy

398

(2)

Commencement of warfarin therapy

400

(3)

Maintenance dose adjustment

403

(1)

Outpatient monitoring

403

(2)

Pharmacodynamic Monitoring

405

(4)

Dosage adjustments based on INR values

406

(1)

Safe practice recommendations for using vitamin K1 to reverse excessive warfarin anticoagulation

406

(3)

Drug-Drug Interactions

409

(4)

Time course of drug interaction

410

(1)

Specific drug interactions

410

(3)

Drug-Disease State or Condition Interactions

413

(1)

Summary

414

(1)

References

414

(5)

Drug Dosing in the Neonate

419

(20)

Ana M. Lopez-Samblas

Philip R. Diaz

Kim H. Binion

General Pharmacokinetic Information

422

(3)

Absorption

422

(1)

Distribution

423

(1)

Metabolism

423

(1)

Elimination

424

(1)

Protein binding

425

(1)

Therapeutic Range

425

(1)

Factors Interfering with Therapeutic Monitoring

425

(8)

Methods of intravenous drug administration

425

(7)

Concentration measurements drawn from intravenous lines

432

(1)

Medication errors

433

(1)

Digoxin-like substances

433

(1)

Factors Influencing Drug Disposition

433

(3)

Asphyxia

433

(1)

Exchange transfusion

434

(1)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

435

(1)

Patent ductus arterious (PDA)

435

(1)

References

436

(3)

Drug Dosing in Pediatric Patients

439

(28)

Vinita B. Pai

Milap C. Nahata

Absorption

440

(8)

Intravenous

440

(1)

Oral

441

(1)

Intramuscular

442

(1)

Percutaneous

443

(1)

Rectal

443

(5)

Distribution

448

(1)

Metabolism

449

(4)

Elimination

453

(1)

Drug Disposition in Cystic Fibrosis

454

(6)

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

460

(1)

References

460

(7)

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in the Geriatric Patient

467

(40)

Susan W. Miller

Physiologic Changes

468

(6)

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

468

(3)

Binding proteins

471

(1)

Increased free (unbound) fraction

471

(1)

Lean body weight to fat ratio

472

(2)

Drug Elimination

474

(1)

Renal Clearance

475

(1)

Age-Related Pharmacodynamic Changes Influencing Drug Response

476

(4)

Summary of Changes

480

(24)

References

504

(3)

Dosing Concepts in Renal Dysfunction

507

(24)

Sybelle Blakey

Renal Mechanisms of Drug Clearance

507

(1)

CrCl Limitations

508

(2)

Relationship of CrCl to Drug Elimination

510

(1)

Modifying Drug Dosages

511

(2)

Dialysis

513

(3)

Active or Toxic Metabolites

516

(1)

Clinical Considerations

516

(11)

Conclusion

527

(1)

References

528

(3)

Appendix A. Nomogram for Determining Body Surface Area of Adults from Height and Mass

531

(2)

Appendix B. Nomogram for Determining Body Surface Area of Children from Height and Mass

533

(2)

Appendix C. Therapeutic Ranges of Drugs in Traditional and SI Units

535

(2)

Appendix D. Nondrug Reference Ranges for Common Laboratory Tests in Traditional and SI Units

537

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CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS POCKET REFERENCE

CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS POCKET REFERENCE

9781879907980

1879907984

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS POCKET REFERENCE

CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS POCKET REFERENCE

9781879907980

1879907984

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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