9781587202537

The first exam preparation guide for Cisco's new CCNP ROUTE exam: comprehensive, authoritative selfassessment, review, and practice! bull; bull;The official Cisco exam preparation text for the new CCNP ROUTE exam. bull;Includes 100 realistic questions on CD, plus pre-chapter quizzes for uncovering weaknesses and targeting study time. bull;Organized to promote retention, and help readers focus effectively on the exam's content. bull;Covers requirements gathering, EIGRP, OSPF, eBGP, IPv6, Layer 3 path control, and much more CCNP ROUTE Official Exam Certification Guide is the first comprehensive self-study tool for the brand-new CCNP ROUTE exam. Its comprehensive coverage -- mapped to the sequence of the exam's objectives - offers all the information and insight readers need to succeed on the exam. From start to finish, the book has been organized to improve retention and help network professionals focus on the areas where they need the most assistance. Its features include: bull; bull;Pre-chapter 'Do I Know This Already' (DIKTA) quizzes that enable readers to assess their knowledge of each chapter's content and decide how much time to spend on each section within that chapter bull;Foundation Topics sections that thoroughly explain concepts and theory, and link them to real-world configurations and commands. bull;Key Topics icons that flag every figure, table, or list which must absolutely be understood and remembered for the exam. bull;Chapter-ending Exam Preparation sections contain additional exercises is the first comprehensive

Wendell Odom, CCIE No. 1624, is a 28-year veteran of the networking industry. He currently works as an independent author of Cisco certification resources and occasional instructor of Cisco authorized training for Skyline ATS. He has worked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, instructor, and course developer. Wendell is the author of several best-selling Cisco certification titles. He maintains lists of current titles, links to Wendell’s blogs, and other certification resources at www.thecertzone.com.

Foreword xxiv

Introduction xxv

Part I Perspectives on Network Planning

Chapter 1 Planning Tasks for the CCNP Exams 3

Perspectives on CCNP Exam Topics Related to Planning 3

CCNP Route Exam Topics That Do Not Require the CLI 4

Impressions on the Planning Exam Topics 5

Relating the Exam Topics to a Typical Network Engineer’s Job 6

A Fictitious Company and Networking Staff 6

The Design Step 7

Implementation Planning Step 7

Verification Planning Step 9

Documenting the Results of the Implementation 10

Summary of the Role of Network Engineer 10

How to Prepare for the Planning Topics on the Exams 10

Planning Preparation: Design Review Table 12

Planning Preparation: Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 12

Create an Implementation Plan Table 13

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 13

Background Information on Implementation and Verification Plans 13

No Single Plan Style 13

Typical Elements in an Implementation Plan 14

Focus for Implementation Plans for CCNP 15

Structured Implementation Planning Methodologies 15

Typical Verification Plan Components 16

Conclusions 16

Part II EIGRP

Chapter 2 EIGRP Overview and Neighbor Relationships 19

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 20

Foundation Topics 23

EIGRP CCNA Review 23

Configuration Review 23

Verification Review 25

Internals Review 29

EIGRP Neighborships 32

Manipulating EIGRP Hello and Hold Timers 32

Preventing Unwanted Neighbors Using Passive Interfaces 36

Controlling Neighborships Using EIGRP Authentication 39

Controlling Neighborships with Static Configuration 43

Configuration Settings That Could Prevent Neighbor Relationships 46

Neighborship over WANs 48

Neighborship on Frame Relay 49

Neighborship on MPLS VPN 50

Neighborship on Metro Ethernet 51

Exam Preparation Tasks 52

Planning Practice 52

Design Review Table 52

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 52

Create an Implementation Plan Table 53

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 53

Review All the Key Topics 55

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 55

Define Key Terms 55

Chapter 3 EIGRP Topology, Routes, and Convergence 57

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 57

Foundation Topics 60

Building the EIGRP Topology Table 60

Seeding the EIGRP Topology Table 60

The Content of EIGRP Update Message 61

The EIGRP Update Process 64

WAN Issues for EIGRP Topology Exchange 65

Building the IP Routing Table 69

Calculating the Metrics: Feasible Distance and Reported Distance 69

EIGRP Metric Tuning 72

Optimizing EIGRP Convergence 78

Fast Convergence to Feasible Successors 78

Converging by Going Active 83

Unequal Metric Route Load Sharing 88

Exam Preparation Tasks 92

Planning Practice 92

Design Review Table 92

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 92

Create an Implementation Plan Table 93

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 94

Review all the Key Topics 94

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 95

Define Key Terms 95

Chapter 4 EIGRP Route Summarization and Filtering 97

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 97

Foundation Topics 101

Route Filtering 101

Filtering by Referencing ACLs 102

Filtering by Referencing IP Prefix Lists 105

Filtering by Using Route Maps 110

Route Summarization 114

Route Summarization Design 114

Configuring EIGRP Route Summarization 120

Auto-summary 124

Default Routes 126

Default Routing to the Internet Router 126

Default Routing Configuration with EIGRP 127

Exam Preparation Tasks 132

Planning Practice 132

Design Review Table 132

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 132

Create an Implementation Plan Table 133

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 134

Review all the Key Topics 134

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 135

Define Key Terms 135

Part III OSPF

Chapter 5 OSPF Overview and Neighbor Relationships 137

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 137

Foundation Topics 140

OSPF Review 140

OSPF Link State Concepts 140

OSPF Configuration Review 144

OSPF Verification Review 146

OSPF Feature Summary 149

OSPF Neighbors and Adjacencies on LANs 149

Enabling OSPF Neighbor Discovery on LANs 150

Settings That Must Match for OSPF Neighborship 152

OSPF Neighbors and Adjacencies on WANs 162

OSPF Network Types 162

OSPF Neighborship over Point-to-Point Links 163

Neighborship over Frame Relay Point-to-Point Subinterfaces 166

Neighborship on MPLS VPN 166

Neighborship on Metro Ethernet 167

Exam Preparation Tasks 170

Planning Practice 170

Design Review Table 170

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 170

Create an Implementation Plan Table 171

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 172

Review All the Key Topics 173

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 173

Define Key Terms 173

Chapter 6 OSPF Topology, Routes, and Convergence 175

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 175

Foundation Topics 179

LSAs and the OSPF Link State Database 179

LSA Type 1: Router LSA 180

LSA Type 2: Network LSA 186

LSA Type 3: Summary LSA 191

Limiting the Number of LSAs 195

Summary of Internal LSA Types 195

The Database Exchange Process 196

OSPF Message and Neighbor State Reference 196

Exchange Without a Designated Router 197

Exchange with a Designated Router 200

Flooding Throughout the Area 203

Periodic Flooding 204

Choosing the Best OSPF Routes 204

OSPF Metric Calculation for Internal OSPF Routes 205

Metric and SPF Calculations 211

Metric Tuning 212

Exam Preparation Tasks 215

Planning Practice 215

Design Review Table 215

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 215

Create an Implementation Plan Table 216

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 216

Review All the Key Topics 218

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 218

Define Key Terms 218

Chapter 7 OSPF Route Summarization, Filtering, and Default Routing 221

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 221

Foundation Topics 225

Route Filtering 225

Type 3 LSA Filtering 226

Filtering OSPF Routes Added to the Routing Table 230

Route Summarization 231

Manual Summarization at ABRs 232

Manual Summarization at ASBRs 235

Default Routes and Stub Areas 236

Domain-wide Defaults Using the default-information originate

Command 237

Stubby Areas 239

Exam Preparation Tasks 251

Planning Practice 251

Design Review Table 251

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 251

Create an Implementation Plan Table 252

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 253

Review All the Key Topics 253

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 254

Define Key Terms 254

Chapter 8 OSPF Virtual Links and Frame Relay Operations 257

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 257

Foundation Topics 260

Virtual Links 260

Understanding OSPF Virtual Link Concepts 260

Configuring OSPF Virtual Links with No Authentication 262

Verifying the OSPF Virtual Link 264

Configuring Virtual Link Authentication 265

OSPF over Multipoint Frame Relay 267

IP Subnetting Design over Frame Relay 267

OSPF Challenges When Using Multipoint 270

Configuring and Verifying OSPF Operations on Frame Relay 274

Exam Preparation Tasks 283

Planning Practice 283

Design Review Table 283

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 283

Create an Implementation Plan Table 284

Choosing Commands for a Verification Plan Table 285

Review All the Key Topics 285

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 286

Define Key Terms 286

Part IV Path Control

Chapter 9 Basic IGP Redistribution 289

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 289

Foundation Topics 292

Route Redistribution Basics 292

The Need for Route Redistribution 292

Redistribution Concepts and Processes 294

Redistribution into EIGRP 297

EIGRP redistribute Command Reference 297

Baseline Configuration for EIGRP Redistribution Examples 298

Configuring EIGRP Redistribution with Default Metric Components 300

Verifying EIGRP Redistribution 302

Redistribution into OSPF 305

OSPF redistribute Command Reference 305

Configuring OSPF Redistribution with Minimal Parameters 306

Setting OSPF Metrics on Redistributed Routes 310

LSAs and Metrics for External Type 2 Routes 311

Redistributing into OSPF as E1 Routes 318

A Brief Comparison of E1 and E2 Routes 319

External Routes in NSSA Areas 320

Exam Preparation Tasks 324

Planning Practice 324

Design Review Table 324

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 325

Create an Implementation Plan Table 326

Choosing Commands for a Verification Plan Table 326

Review all the Key Topics 327

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 327

Define Key Terms 327

Chapter 10 Advanced IGP Redistribution 329

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 329

Foundation Topics 332

Redistribution with Route Maps and Distribute Lists 332

Overview of Using route-maps with Redistribution 332

Filtering Redistributed Routes with Route Maps 334

Setting Metrics when Redistributing 339

Setting the External Route Type 343

Redistribution Filtering with the distribute-list Command 343

Issues with Multiple Redistribution Points 344

Preventing Routing Domain Loops with Higher Metrics 345

Preventing Routing Domain Loops with Administrative Distance 346

Domain Loop Problems with More than Two Routing Domains 349

Exam Preparation Tasks 358

Planning Practice 358

Design Review Table 358

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 358

Create an Implementation Plan Table 359

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 360

Review all the Key Topics 361

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 361

Define Key Terms 361

Chapter 11 Policy-Based Routing and IP Service Level Agreement 363

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 363

Foundation Topics 366

Policy-Based Routing 366

Matching the Packet and Setting the Route 367

PBR Configuration Example 368

How the default Keyword Impacts PBR Logic Ordering 370

Additional PBR Functions 371

IP Service-Level Agreement 372

Understanding IP SLA Concepts 373

Configuring and Verifying IP SLA 374

Tracking SLA Operations to Influence Routing 378

Exam Preparation Tasks 382

Planning Practice 382

Design Review Table 382

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 382

Create an Implementation Plan Table 382

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 383

Review all the Key Topics 384

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 385

Definitions of Key Terms 385

Part V BGP

Chapter 12 Internet Connectivity and BGP 387

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 388

Foundation Topics 390

The Basics of Internet Routing and Addressing 390

Public IP Address Assignment 391

Internet Route Aggregation 392

The Impact of NAT/PAT 393

Private IPv4 Addresses and Other Special Addresses 394

Introduction to BGP 396

BGP Basics 396

BGP ASNs and the AS_SEQ Path Attribute 397

Internal and External BGP 399

Public and Private ASNs 400

Outbound Routing Toward the Internet 402

Comparing BGP and Default Routing for Enterprises 402

Single Homed 404

Dual Homed 405

Single Multihomed 411

Dual Multihomed 412

Exam Preparation Tasks 414

Planning Practice 414

Design Review Table 414

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 414

Create an Implementation Plan Table 415

Review all the Key Topics 415

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 416

Define Key Terms 416

Chapter 13 External BGP 419

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 419

Foundation Topics 423

External BGP for Enterprises 423

eBGP Neighbor Configuration 423

BGP Internals and Verifying eBGP Neighbors 430

Verifying the BGP Table 436

The BGP Update Message 436

Examining the BGP Table 438

Viewing Subsets of the BGP Table 440

Injecting Routes into BGP for Advertisement to the ISPs 443

Injecting Routes Using the network Command 443

The Effect of auto-summary on the BGP network Command 445

Injecting Routes Using Redistribution 446

Exam Preparation Tasks 449

Planning Practice 449

Design Review Table 449

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 449

Create an Implementation Plan Table 450

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 451

Review all the Key Topics 452

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 452

Define Key Terms 452

Chapter 14 Internal BGP and BGP Route Filtering 455

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 455

Foundation Topics 459

Internal BGP Between Internet-Connected Routers 459

Establishing the Need for iBGP with Two Internet-Connected Routers 459

Configuring iBGP 460

Verifying iBGP 463

Examining iBGP BGP Table Entries 464

Understanding Next-Hop Reachability Issues with iBGP 468

Avoiding Routing Loops when Forwarding Toward the Internet 471

Using an iBGP Mesh 472

IGP Redistribution and BGP Synchronization 475

Route Filtering and Clearing BGP Peers 476

BGP Filtering Overview 476

Inbound and Outbound BGP Filtering on Prefix/Length 478

Clearing BGP Neighbors 481

Displaying the Results of BGP Filtering 483

Exam Preparation Tasks 486

Planning Practice 486

Design Review Table 486

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 487

Create an Implementation Plan Table 487

Choosing Commands for a Verification Plan Table 488

Review all the Key Topics 488

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 489

Definitions of Key Terms 489

Chapter 15 BGP Path Control 491

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 491

Foundation Topics 494

BGP Path Attributes and Best Path Algorithm 494

BGP Path Attributes 494

Overview of the BGP Best Path Algorithm 495

Perspectives on the Core 8 Best Path Steps 498

Memorization Tips for BGP Best Path 499

Influencing an Enterprise’s Outbound Routes 500

Influencing BGP Weight 500

Setting the Local Preference 507

IP Routes Based on BGP Best Paths 513

Increasing the Length of the AS_Path Using AS_Path Prepend 517

Influencing an Enterprise’s Inbound Routes with MED 519

MED Concepts 519

MED Configuration 521

Exam Preparation Tasks 523

Planning Practice 523

Design Review Table 523

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 523

Create an Implementation Plan Table 524

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 525

Review all the Key Topics 526

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 526

Define Key Terms 526

Part VI IPv6

Chapter 16 IP Version 6 Addressing 529

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 529

Foundation Topics 532

Global Unicast Addressing, Routing, and Subnetting 533

Global Route Aggregation for Efficient Routing 534

Conventions for Representing IPv6 Addresses 536

Conventions for Writing IPv6 Prefixes 537

Global Unicast Prefix Assignment Example 539

Subnetting Global Unicast IPv6 Addresses Inside an Enterprise 541

Prefix Terminology 543

Assigning IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses 544

Stateful DHCP for IPv6 545

Stateless Autoconfiguration 545

Static IPv6 Address Configuration 549

Survey of IPv6 Addressing 549

Overview of IPv6 Addressing 550

Unicast IPv6 Addresses 550

Multicast and Other Special IPv6 Addresses 553

Layer 2 Addressing Mapping and Duplicate Address Detection 554

Configuring IPv6 Addresses on Cisco Routers 556

Configuring Static IPv6 Addresses on Routers 557

Multicast Groups Joined by IPv6 Router Interfaces 559

Connected Routes and Neighbors 560

The IPv6 Neighbor Table 561

Stateless Autoconfiguration 561

Exam Preparation Tasks 563

Planning Practice 563

Design Review Table 563

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 563

Create an Implementation Plan Table 564

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 564

Review all the Key Topics 565

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 566

Define Key Terms 566

Chapter 17 IPv6 Routing Protocols and Redistribution 569

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 569

Foundation Topics 573

RIP Next Generation (RIPng) 573

RIPng—Theory and Comparisons to RIP-2 574

Configuring RIPng 575

Verifying RIPng 578

EIGRP for IPv6 581

EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6—Theory and Comparisons 581

Configuring EIGRP for IPv6 582

Verifying EIGRP for IPv6 584

OSPF Version 3 588

Comparing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 588

Configuring OSPFv3 590

Verifying OSPFv3 592

IPv6 IGP Redistribution 595

Redistributing without Route Maps 596

Redistributing with Route Maps 598

Static IPv6 Routes 599

Exam Preparation Tasks 602

Planning Practice 602

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 602

Create an Implementation Plan Table 602

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 603

Review all the Key Topics 604

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 604

Define Key Terms 604

Chapter 18 IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence 607

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 607

Foundation Topics 611

IPv4 and IPv6 Migration and Coexistence Concepts 611

IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stacks 611

Tunneling 612

NAT Protocol Translation 617

Static Point-to-Point IPv6 Tunnels 619

Manually Configured Tunnels 620

GRE Tunnels 624

Point-to-Point IPv6 Tunnel Summary 625

Dynamic Multipoint IPv6 Tunnels 626

Automatic 6to4 Tunnels 627

IPv6 ISATAP Tunnels 634

Multipoint IPv6 Tunnel Summary 639

Exam Preparation Tasks 641

Planning Practice 641

Design Review Table 641

Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 642

Create an Implementation Plan Table 642

Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 643

Review all the Key Topics 644

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 644

Define Key Terms 644

Part VII Branch Office Networking

Chapter 19 Routing over Branch Internet Connections 647

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 647

Foundation Topics 650

Branch Office Broadband Internet Access 650

Broadband Internet Access Basics 650

Branch Router as DHCP Server and Client 652

Branch Office Security 653

Using IPsec Tunnels 654

Branch Routing for the Small Branch 656

Routing in Medium and Large Branches 657

Branch Router Configuration for Broadband Access 659

Understanding DSL Concepts 659

Configuring DSL 661

Configuring NAT 663

Configuring DHCP Server 664

VPN Configuration 664

Configuring an IPsec VPN 665

Configuring GRE Tunnels 666

Summary—Branch Routing from PC1 to Enterprise Server S1 667

Exam Preparation Tasks 670

Planning Practice 670

Review all the Key Topics 671

Define Key Terms 671

Part VIII Final Preparation

Chapter 20 Final Preparation 673

Tools for Final Preparation 673

Exam Engine and Questions on the CD 673

Install the Software from the CD 674

Activate and Download the Practice Exam 674

Activating Other Exams 675

The Cisco Learning Network 675

Memory Tables 675

Chapter-Ending Review Tools 676

Suggested Plan for Final Review/Study 676

Step 1: Review Key Topics and DIKTA Questions 677

Step 3: Hands-On Practice 677

Step 6: Subnetting Practice 677

Step 7: Use the Exam Engine 678

Summary 679

Part IX Appendixes

Appendix A Answers to “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes 681

Appendix B Conversion Tables 701

Appendix C Route Exam Updates 705

Index 708

CD-Only Appendixes and Glossary

Appendix D Memory Tables

Appendix E Memory Tables Answer Key

Appendix F Completed Planning Practice Tables

Glossary

9781587202537, TOC, 1/7/10

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CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide

CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide

1587202530

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials