9780131406346

Chemical engineering principles and techniques: A practical and up-to-date introduction. The scope of chemical engineering has expanded considerably in recent years to encompass a wide range of topics. This book provides a complete, practical, and student-friendly introduction to the principles and techniques of contemporary chemical, petroleum, and environmental engineering. The authors introduce efficient and consistent methods for problem solving, analyzing data, and developing a conceptual understanding of a wide variety of processes. This seventh edition is revised to reflect the latest technologies and educational strategies that develop a student's abilities for reasoning and critical thinking. Coverage includes: Short chapters (29) to provide a flexible modular sequence of topics for courses of varying length A thorough coverage of introductory material, including unit conversions, basis selection, and process measurements Consistent, sound strategies for solving material and energy balance,problems Key concepts ranging from stoichiometry to enthalpy Behavior of gases, liquids, and solids: ideal/real gases, single component two-phase systems, gas-liquid systems, and more New examples and problems covering environmental, safety, semiconductor processing, nanotechnology, and biotechnology Extensive tables and charts, plus glossaries in every chapter Self-assessment tests, thought/discussion problems, and homework problems for each chapter 13 appendices providing helpful reference information Practically orientated and student friendly, "Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, Seventh Edition" is the definitive chemical engineering introduction forstudents, license candidates, practicing engineers, and scientists. CD-ROM INCLUDED UPDATED Polymath software for solving linear/nonlinear/differential equations and regression problems NEW physical property database contai

Preface
Read Me
Frequently Asked Questions
Introduction
Dimensions, Units, and Their Conversion
Units and Dimensions
Operations with Units
Conversion of Units and Conversion Factors
Dimensional Consistency (Homogeneity)
Significant Figures
Validation of Problem Solutions
Moles, Density, and Concentration
The Mole
Density
Specific Gravity
Flow Rate
Mole Fraction and Mass (Weight) Fraction
Analyses of Multicomponent Solutions and Mixtures
Concentration
Choosing A Basis
Temperature
Pressure
Pressure and Its Units
Measurement of Pressure
Differential Pressure Measurements
Material Balances
Introduction to Material Balances
The Concept of a Material Balance
Open and Closed Systems
Steady-State and Unsteady-State Systems
Multiple Component Systems
Accounting for Chemical Reactions in Material Balances
Material Balances for Batch and Semi-Batch Processes
A General Strategy for Solving Material Balance Problems
Problem Solving
The Strategy for Solving Problems
Solving Material Balance Problems for Single Units without Reaction
The Chemical Reaction Equation and Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry
Terminology for Applications of Stoichiometry
Material Balances for Processes Involving Reaction
Species Material Balances
Element Material Balances
Material Balances Involving Combustion
Material Balance Problems Involving Multiple Units
Recycle, Bypass, Purge, and the Industrial Application Of Material Balances
Introduction
Recycle without Chemical Reaction
Recycle with Chemical Reaction
Bypass and Purge
The Industrial Application of Material Balances
GASES, VAPORS, LIQUIDS, AND SOLIDS
Ideal Gases
The Ideal Gas Law
Ideal Gas Mixtures and Partial Pressure
Material Balances Involving Ideal Gases
Real Gases: Compressibility
Real Gases: Equations of State
Single Component Two-Phase Systems (Vapor Pressure)
Phase Diagrams
Modeling and Predicting Vapor Pressure as a Function of Temperature
Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Systems (Saturation, Condensation, and Vaporization)
Saturation
Condensation
Vaporization
Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Systems (Partial Saturation and Humidity)
Terminology Involved for Partial Saturation
Material Balance Problems Involving Partial Saturation
The Phase Rule and Vapor-Liquid Equilibria
The Gibbs Phase Rule
Vapor-Liquid Equlibria in Binary Systems
Liquids and Gases in Equilibrium with Solids
Energy Balances
Energy: Terminology, Concepts, and Units
The Terminology Associated with Energy Balances
Types of Energy
Introduction to Energy Balances For Processes Without Reaction
The Concept of the Conservation of Energy
Energy Balances for Closed, Unsteady-State Systems
Energy Balances for Closed, Steady-State Systems
Energy Balances for Open, Unsteady-State Systems
Energy Balances for Open, Steady-State Systems
Calculation of Enthalpy Changes
Phase Transitions
Heat Capacity Equations
Tables and Charts to Retrieve Enthalpy Values
Computer Databases
Application Of Energy Balances in the Absence of Chemical Reactions
Simplifications of the General Energy Balance
The Strategy for Solving Energy Balance Problems
Application of the Energy Balance to Closed Systems
Application of the Energy Balance to Open Systems
Energy Balances: How to Account for Chemical Reaction
The Standard Heat (Enthalpy) of Formation
The Heat (Enthalpy) of Reaction
Merging the Heat of Formation with the Sensible Heat of a Compound in Making an Energy Balance
The Heat of Combustion
Energy Balances That Include the Effects of Chemical Reaction
Analysis of the Degrees of Freedom to Include the Energy Balance with Reaction
Applications of Energy Balances in Processes that Include Reactions
Ideal Processes, Efficiency, and the Mechanical Energy Balance
Ideal Reversible Processes
Efficiency
The Mechanical Energy Balance
Heats of Solution and Mixing
Heats of Solution, Dissolution, and Mixing
Introducing the Effects of Mixing into the Energy Balance
Humidity (Psychrometric) Charts and Their Use
Terminology
The Humidity (Psychrometric) Chart
Applications of the Humidity Chart
Supplementary Material (On The Accompanying Cd)
Analysis of the Degrees of Freedom in a Steady-State Process
Solving Material and Energy Balances Using Process Simulators (Flowsheeting Codes)
Unsteady-State Material and Energy Balances
Appendices
Answers To Self-Assessment Tests
Atomic Weights and Numbers
Table of the Pitzer Z0 and Z1 Factors
Physical Properties of Various Organic and Inorganic Substances
Heat Capacity Equations
Heats of Formation and Combustion
Vapor Pressures
Heats of Solution and Dilution
Enthalpy-Concentration Data
Thermodynamic Charts
Physical Properties of Petroleum Fractions
Solution of Sets of Equations
Fitting Functions to Data
Answers to Selected Problems
Index
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Preface This book is intended to serve as an introduction to the principles and techniques used in the field of chemical, petroleum, and environmental engineering. Although the range of subjects deemed to be in the province of "chemical engineering" has broadened over the last decade, the basic principles involved in chemical engineering remain the same. This book lays a foundation of certain information and skills that can be repeatedly employed in subsequent courses as well as in professional life. New Features in the Seventh Edition The seventh edition is a completely rewritten and revised version of Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering. Instead of five long chapters, the book is now comprised of 32 short chapters, each typically corresponding to one class session in a schedule of three meetings a week. New features include: A consistent, sound strategy for solving material balance and energy balance problems, one can be used again and again as a framework for solving word problems, which is explained in Chapter 7. All of the examples in this book showing how to solve material and energy balances have been formulated according to this strategy. The examples and problems in each chapter have been augmented to include expanded areas of importance to chemical engineers such as safety, semiconductor processing, and biotechnology. The chapters on material balances have been revised to offer practice in finding out what the problem is, defining it, collecting data to be used in the problem, analyzing the information pertaining to the problem in order to relate it to what you know about similar problems, and, in effect, doing everything but testing the solution experimentally. The extent of reaction has been added to the tools used to solve problems involving chemical reactions. The degree of freedom analysis in solving problems has been emphasized and simplified. A glossary has been added to each chapter. On the CD that accompanies this book is A new version of Polymath, a self-documented, widely used software package that runs on PCs and can solve linear, nonlinear, and differential equations as well as regression problems. A new physical properties database that contains retrievable physical properties (such as vapor pressures and heat capacities and enthalpies for 740 compounds plus the steam tables). Our Motivation for Writing This Book Far too many chemical engineering textbooks have become difficult, dry, and demoralizing for their readers. With this book, we have maintained a conversational style and detailed explanation of principles both in the text and examples to provide a readable yet comprehensive text. We have strived to maintain a suitable balance between understanding and developing skills. Our vision is to avoid comments (from a student about a different text) such as: "My text is useless, well not really, I use it to kill roaches in my room." Piaget has argued that human intelligence proceeds in stages from the concrete to the abstract and that one of the biggest problems in teaching is that the teachers are formal reasoners (using abstraction) while many students are still concrete thinkers or at best in transition to formal operational thinking. We believe that there is considerable truth in this viewpoint. Consequently, we initiate most topics with simple examples that illustrate the basic ideas. In this book the topics are presented in order of assimilation. We start with easy material followed by more difficult material to give readers a "breather" before passing over each hump. Assumed Prerequisites The level of the book is directed to the first course in chemical engineering, which usually occurs in a student's sophomore year. We have assumed that you as a reader to have completed the second part of calculus and started organic che

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Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering

Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering

0131406345

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