STEPHEN EMMITT, BA (Hons), Dip. Arch, MA (Prof. Ed.), PhD, is Head of the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering and Professor of Architectural Practice at the University of Bath. He is a registered architect with industrial experience and has taught architectural technology and architectural detailing across a wide range of built environment programmes in the UK, Europe, and Asia.

Preface ix

How to Navigate this Book xi

1 Introduction 1

1.1 The function and performance of buildings 1

1.2 New methods and products 8

1.3 Product selection and specification 10

Chapter 2 AT A GLANCE 15

2 Offsite Construction 17

2.1 Functional requirements 18

2.2 Preassembly 21

2.3 Modular building services 28

2.4 Prefabricated housing 30

2.5 The design and production process 34

2.6 Joints and joining 37

2.7 Additive manufacturing (3D printing) 38

Chapter 3 AT A GLANCE 41

3 Pile Foundations, Substructures and Basements 43

3.1 Pile foundations 43

3.2 Ground stabilisation 68

3.3 Substructures and basements 73

Chapter 4 AT A GLANCE 95

4 Single‐Storey Frames, Shells and Lightweight Coverings 97

4.1 Lattice truss, beam, portal frame and flat roof structures 97

4.2 Roof and wall cladding, and decking 140

4.3 Rooflights 164

4.4 Diaphragm, fin wall and tilt‐up construction 178

4.5 Shell structures 190

Chapter 5 AT A GLANCE 205

5 Structural Timber Frames 207

5.1 Functional requirements 207

5.2 Timber 209

5.3 Modified and engineered timber products 214

5.4 Timber framed walls 218

5.5 High‐rise structural timber frames 239

Chapter 6 AT A GLANCE 241

6 Structural Steel Frames 243

6.1 Functional requirements 243

6.2 Methods of design 245

6.3 Steel sections 249

6.4 Structural steel frames 256

6.5 Welding 277

6.6 Fire protection of structural steelwork 291

6.7 Floor construction for structural steel frames 299

Chapter 7 AT A GLANCE 315

7 Structural Concrete Frames 317

7.1 Concrete 317

7.2 Concrete mixes 322

7.3 Reinforcement 328

7.4 Formwork and falsework 340

7.5 Prestressed concrete 356

7.6 Lightweight concrete 361

7.7 Concrete structural frames 364

7.8 Precast reinforced concrete frames 374

7.9 Lift slab construction 380

Chapter 8 AT A GLANCE 385

8 Envelopes to Framed Buildings 387

8.1 Terms and definitions 387

8.2 Functional requirements 388

8.3 Infill wall framing to a structural grid 398

8.4 Cavity walling 399

8.5 Facings applied to solid and cavity wall backings 402

8.6 Cladding panels 413

8.7 Sheet metal wall cladding 436

8.8 Glazed wall systems 446

8.9 Double skin façades 463

Chapter 9 AT A GLANCE 465

9 Lifts and Escalators 467

9.1 Functional requirements 467

9.2 Lifts (elevators) 469

9.3 Escalators and moving walkways 481

Chapter 10 AT A GLANCE 483

10 Fit Out and Second Fix 485

10.1 Commercial fit out 485

10.2 Raised floors 487

10.3 Suspended ceilings 491

10.4 Internal partition walls 496

Chapter 11 AT A GLANCE 503

11 Existing Buildings: Pathology, Upgrading and Demolition 505

11.1 The pathology of buildings 505

11.2 Decay and defects 510

11.3 Conservation of buildings 513

11.4 Retrofitting 516

11.5 Façade retention methods 520

11.6 Demolition, disassembly and recycling 530

11.7 Reuse and recycled materials 534

Index 539

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