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Applied Industrial/Organizational Psychology (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

by: Aamodt, Michael G.

Applied Industrial/Organizational Psychology (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

by: Aamodt, Michael G.

ISBN 13:
9780534596880
ISBN 10:
0534596886
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 06/27/2003
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Mike Aamodt's introduction to industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology seamlessly blends theory, data, and application in a way that fosters students' genuine interest in the field. In every chapter, Aamodt's inviting writing style is supported by provocative examples and robust pedagogy that will appeal to students with a diverse range of backgrounds. Updated to include outstanding coverage of recent trends in I/O psychology, Aamodt's applied text encourages students to develop skills that they'll actually use in the workplace. An enhanced supplement package (including a new student CD-ROM and a new Instructor CD-ROM) supports this edition--making this the most accessible text available for the I/O Psychology course.

Preface

xiii

Introduction to I/O Psychology

(31)

The Field of Psychology

(6)

Differences Between I/O and Business Programs

(1)

Major Fields of I/O Psychology

(1)

Brief History of I/O Psychology

(2)

Employment of I/O Psychologists

(1)

Educational Requirements and Types of Programs

(2)

Research in I/O Psychology

(11)

Why Conduct Research?

(1)

Considerations in Conducting Research

(10)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

(14)

Appendix 1A: List of I/O Terminal Master's Degree Programs

(4)

Appendix 1B: List of I/O Ph.D. Programs

(4)

Exercise 1--1 Research Designs

(4)

Exercise 1--2 Designing a Study

(1)

Job Analysis and Evaluation

(38)

Job Analysis

(25)

Importance of Job Analysis

(1)

Writing a Good Job Description

(4)

Preparing for a Job Analysis

(3)

Conducting a Job Analysis

(5)

Using Other Job Analysis Methods

(11)

Evaluation of Methods

(1)

Job Evaluation

(4)

Determining Internal Pay Equity

(2)

Determining External Equity

(1)

Pay Equity

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

(8)

Exercise 2--1 Critiquing Job Descriptions

(3)

Exercise 2--2 Writing a Job Description

(1)

Exercise 2--3 Identifying KSAOs

(1)

Exercise 2--4 Determining Pay Equity

(2)

Legal Issues in Employee Selection

(29)

The Legal Process

(2)

Resolving the Complaint Internally

(1)

Filing a Discrimination Charge

(1)

Outcomes of an EEOC Investigation

(1)

Determining Whether an Employment Decision Is Legal

(8)

Does the Employment Practice Directly Refer to a Member of a Federally Protected Class?

(6)

Is the Requirement a BFOQ?

(1)

Has Case Law, State Law, or Local Law Expanded the Definition of Any of the Protected Classes?

(1)

Does the Requirement Have Adverse Impact Against Members of a Protected Class?

(1)

Was the Requirement Designed to Intentionally Discriminate Against a Protected Class?

(1)

Can the Employer Prove That the Requirement Is Job Related?

(1)

Did the Employer Look for Reasonable Alternatives That Would Result in Lesser Adverse Impact?

(1)

Affirmative Action

(4)

Affirmative Action Strategies

(1)

Reasons for Affirmative Action Plans

(1)

Legality of Preferential Hiring and Promotion Plans

(2)

Consequences of Affirmative Action Plans

(1)

Privacy Issues

(2)

Drug Testing

(1)

Office and Locker Searches

(1)

Psychological Tests

(1)

Electronic Surveillance

(1)

Harassment

(2)

Types of Harassment

(1)

Organizational Liability for Sexual Harassment

(1)

Family Medical Leave Act

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

(10)

Appendix 3: Canadian Employment Law by Province or Territory

(1)

Exercise 3--1 Federally Protected Classes

(1)

Exercise 3--2 Determining Adverse Impact

(2)

Exercise 3--3 Responses to Adverse Impact

(1)

Exercise 3--4 Legality of Employment Practices

(1)

Exercise 3--5 Understanding Affirmative Action

(1)

Exercise 3--6 Employee Privacy Issues

(1)

Exercise 3--7 Sexual Harassment

(1)

Exercise 3--8 Testing Your Knowledge

(1)

Evaluating Selection Techniques and Decisions

(28)

Characteristics of Effective Selection Techniques

(6)

Reliability

(3)

Validity

102

(3)

Finding Reliability and Validity Information

105

(1)

Cost Efficiency

105

(1)

Establishing the Usefulness of a Selection Device

105

(7)

Taylor-Russell Tables

106

(1)

Proportion of Correct Decisions

107

(1)

Lawshe Tables

107

(3)

Brogden-Cronbach-Gleser Utility Formula

110

(2)

Determining the Fairness of a Test

112

(3)

Adverse Impact

113

(2)

Single-Group Validity

115

(1)

Differential Validity

115

(1)

Making the Hiring Decision

115

(5)

Linear Approaches

115

(4)

Nonlinear Approaches

119

(1)

Chapter Summary

120

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

120

(7)

Exercise 4--1 Locating Test Information

121

(1)

Exercise 4--2 Using the Utility Formula and Tables

122

(1)

Exercise 4--3 Determining the Proportion of Correct Decisions

123

(2)

Exercise 4--4 Using Banding to Reduce Adverse Impact

125

(2)

Employee Selection: Recruiting and Interviewing

127

(41)

Job Analysis

127

(1)

Recruitment

127

(12)

Media Advertisements

129

(3)

Point-of-Purchase Methods

132

(2)

Campus Recruiters

134

(1)

Outside Recruiters

134

(1)

Employee Referrals

134

(1)

Direct Mail

135

(1)

Internet

136

(1)

Job Fairs

137

(1)

Incentives

137

(1)

Nontraditional Populations

137

(1)

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Recruitment Strategies

138

(1)

Realistic Job Previews

139

(1)

Effective Employee Selection Techniques

139

(1)

The Structured Employment Interview

140

(6)

Problems with Unstructured Interviews

141

(2)

Creating a Structured Interview

143

(1)

Creating a Scoring Key for Interview Answers

144

(1)

Conducting the Structured Interview

145

(1)

Job Search Skills

146

(7)

Successfully Surviving the Interview Process

146

(1)

Writing Cover Letters

147

(1)

Writing a Resume

148

(5)

Chapter Summary

153

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

154

(14)

Exercise 5--1 Reading Help-Wanted Ads

155

(1)

Exercise 5--2 Writing Help-Wanted Ads

156

(1)

Exercise 5--3 Point-of-Purchase Recruitment

157

(1)

Exercise 5--4 Employee Recruitment

158

(1)

Exercise 5--5 Identifying KSAOs

159

(3)

Exercise 5--6 Developing Interview Questions

162

(4)

Exercise 5--7 Scoring Interview Questions

166

(2)

Employee Selection: References and Testing

168

(52)

References and Letters of Recommendation

168

(6)

Reasons for Using References and Recommendations

168

(6)

Ethical Issues

174

(1)

Predicting Performance Using Applicant Training and Education

174

(1)

Predicting Performance Using Applicant Knowledge

175

(4)

Predicting Performance Using Applicant Ability

179

(6)

Cognitive Ability

180

(1)

Perceptual Ability

180

(1)

Psychomotor Ability

180

(1)

Physical Ability

180

(5)

Predicting Performance Using Applicant Skill

185

(2)

Work Samples

185

(1)

Assessment Centers

185

(2)

Predicting Performance Using Prior Experience

187

(2)

Experience Ratings

187

(1)

Biodata

187

(2)

Predicting Performance Using Personality, Interest, and Character

189

(3)

Personality Inventories

189

(1)

Interest Inventories

190

(1)

Integrity Tests

190

(1)

Graphology

191

(1)

Predicting Performance Limitations Due to Medical and Psychological Problems

192

(1)

Drug Testing

192

(1)

Psychological Exams

193

(1)

Medical Exams

193

(1)

Comparison of Techniques

193

(2)

Validity

193

(1)

Legal Issues

193

(2)

Rejecting Applicants

195

(1)

Chapter Summary

196

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

196

(24)

Exercise 6--1 Trait Approach

197

(1)

Exercise 6--2 Cognitive Ability

198

(2)

Exercise 6--3 Leaderless Group Discussion

200

(3)

Exercise 6--4 Personality Tests

203

(7)

Exercise 6--5 Interest Inventories

210

(6)

Exercise 6--6 Integrity Testing

216

(2)

Classroom Exercise 6--1

218

(2)

Evaluating Employee Performance

220

(39)

Step 1: Determine the Reason for Evaluating Employee Performance

220

(2)

Determining Salary Increases

220

(1)

Making Promotion Decisions

221

(1)

Providing Employee Training and Feedback

222

(1)

Making Termination Decisions

222

(1)

Conducting Personnel Research

222

(1)

Step 2: Identify Environmental and Cultural Limitations

222

(1)

Step 3: Determine Who Will Evaluate Performance

222

(2)

Supervisors

222

(1)

Peers

223

(1)

Subordinates

223

(1)

Customers

224

(1)

Self-Appraisal

224

(1)

Step 4: Select the Best Appraisal Methods to Accomplish Your Goals

224

(8)

Decision 1: Focus of the Appraisal Dimensions

225

(1)

Decision 2: Use of Employee Comparisons, Objective Measures, or Ratings?

226

(6)

Step 5: Train Raters

232

(1)

Step 6: Document Performance

233

(3)

Step 7: Evaluate Performance

236

(6)

Obtaining and Reviewing Objective Data

236

(1)

Reading Critical Incident Logs

236

(1)

Completing the Rating Form

236

(6)

Step 8: Communicate Appraisal Results to Employees

242

(1)

Prior to the Interview

242

(1)

During the Interview

243

(1)

Step 9: Terminate Employees

243

(3)

Employment-at-Will Doctrine

243

(1)

Legal Reasons for Terminating Employees

244

(2)

The Termination Meeting

246

(1)

Chapter Summary

246

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

247

(12)

Appendix 7: Additional Types of Rating Scales

248

(4)

Exercise 7--1 360-Degree Feedback

252

(1)

Exercise 7--2 Creating Performance Dimensions

253

(1)

Exercise 7--3 Paired-Comparison Technique

254

(1)

Exercise 7--4 Writing Behavioral Statements

255

(1)

Exercise 7--5 Evaluating Employee Performance

256

(1)

Exercise 7--6 Rating Errors

257

(1)

Exercise 7--7 Performance-Appraisal Interviews

258

(1)

Designing and Evaluating Training Systems

259

(32)

Determining Training Needs

259

(4)

Organizational Analysis

260

(1)

Task Analysis

260

(1)

Person Analysis

261

(2)

Developing a Training Program

263

(2)

Establishing Goals and Objectives

263

(1)

Motivating Employees

263

(2)

Choosing the Best Training Method

265

(1)

Conducting Classroom Training

265

(8)

Initial Decisions

265

(3)

Preparing for Classroom Training

268

(1)

Delivering the Training Program

268

(3)

Using Case Studies to Apply Knowledge

271

(1)

Using Simulation Exercises to Practice New Skills

271

(1)

Practicing Interpersonal Skills Through Role Play

272

(1)

Increasing Interpersonal Skills Through Behavior Modeling

272

(1)

Providing Individual Training Through Distance Learning

273

(1)

Programmed Instruction Using Books, Videos, or Interactive Video

273

(1)

Computer-Based or Web-Based Programmed Instruction

273

(1)

Conducting On-the-Job Training

274

(3)

Learning by Modeling Others

274

(1)

Learning Through Job Rotation

275

(1)

Learning Through Apprentice Training

275

(1)

Learning Through Coaching and Mentoring

276

(1)

Ensuring Transfer of Training

277

(2)

Putting it All Together

279

(1)

Evaluation of Training Results

279

(3)

Research Designs for Evaluation

279

(1)

Evaluation Criteria

280

(2)

Chapter Summary

282

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

282

(9)

Exercise 8--1 Needs Assessment: Task Analysis

283

(2)

Exercise 8--2 Needs Assessment: Person Analysis

285

(2)

Exercise 8--3 Evaluating Training Programs: 1

287

(2)

Exercise 8--4 Evaluating Training Programs: 2

289

(2)

Employee Motivation

291

(30)

Individual Differences in Motivation

291

(3)

Self-Esteem

291

(2)

Intrinsic Motivation

293

(1)

Needs for Achievement and Power

293

(1)

Employee Values and Expectations

294

(3)

Have Employees' Job Expectations Been Met?

294

(1)

Have Employees' Needs, Values, and Wants Been Met?

294

(3)

Do Employees Have Achievable Goals?

297

(3)

Specific

298

(1)

Measurable

298

(1)

Difficult But Attainable

298

(1)

Relevant

299

(1)

Time Bound

300

(1)

Employee Participation

300

(1)

Are Employees Receiving Feedback on Their Goal Progress?

300

(1)

Are Employees Rewarded for Achieving Goals?

300

(8)

Timing of the Incentive

301

(1)

Contingency of Consequence

301

(1)

Type of Incentive Used

301

(3)

Individual-Based Versus Group-Based Incentives

304

(3)

Expectancy Theory

307

(1)

Reward Versus Punishment

308

(1)

Are Rewards and Resources Given Equitably?

308

(1)

Motivation Level of Other Employees

309

(1)

Integration of Motivation Theories

309

(2)

Chapter Summary

311

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

311

(10)

Exercise 9--1 Self-Esteem

312

(2)

Exercise 9--2 Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation

314

(4)

Exercise 9--3 Reinforcement Hierarchy

318

(1)

Exercise 9--4 Motivation Case Study

319

(1)

Exercise 9--5 Your Own Motivation Theory

320

(1)

Employee Satisfaction and Commitment

321

(27)

Why Should We Care About Employee Attitudes?

321

(2)

What Causes Employees to Be Satisfied with Their Jobs?

323

(7)

What Individual Differences Affect Job Satisfaction?

323

(3)

Are Employee's Job Expectations Being Met?

326

(1)

Are the Tasks Enjoyable?

326

(1)

Do Employees Enjoy Working with Supervisors and Coworkers?

326

(1)

Are Coworkers Outwardly Unhappy?

326

(1)

Are Rewards and Resources Given Equitably?

327

(1)

Is There a Chance for Growth and Challenge?

328

(2)

Integration of Theories

330

(1)

Measuring Job Satisfaction

331

(1)

Commonly Used Standard Inventories

331

(1)

Custom-Designed Inventories

332

(1)

Absenteeism

332

(7)

Linking Attendance to Consequences

336

(1)

Increasing Attendance by Reducing Employee Stress

337

(1)

Increasing Attendance by Reducing Illness

338

(1)

Reducing Absenteeism by Not Hiring ``Absence Prone'' Employees

338

(1)

Uncontrollable Absenteeism Caused by Unique Events

339

(1)

Turnover

339

(2)

Cost of Turnover

339

(1)

Reducing Turnover

340

(1)

Chapter Summary

341

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

341

(7)

Exercise 10--1 Stability of Job Satisfaction

342

(1)

Exercise 10--2 Core Self-Evaluation

343

(2)

Exercise 10--3 Your Level of Life Satisfaction

345

(2)

Exercise 10--4 Case Study

347

(1)

Organizational Communication

348

(33)

Types of Organizational Communication

348

(8)

Upward Communication

348

(3)

Downward Communication

351

(2)

Business Communication

353

(1)

Informal Communication

354

(2)

Interpersonal Communication

356

(10)

Problem Area 1: Intended Message Versus Message Sent

356

(1)

Problem Area 2: Message Sent Versus Message Received

357

(5)

Problem Area 3: Message Received Versus Message Interpreted

362

(4)

Improving Employee Communication Skills

366

(3)

Interpersonal Communication Skills

366

(1)

Written Communication Skills

366

(3)

Chapter Summary

369

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

369

(12)

Exercise 11--1 Informal Communication

370

(2)

Exercise 11--2 Nonverbal Communication

372

(4)

Exercise 11--3 Your Listening Style

376

(1)

Exercise 11--4 Listening Quiz

377

(3)

Exercise 11--5 Readability

380

(1)

Leadership

381

(31)

An Introduction to Leadership

381

(1)

Personal Characteristics Associated with Leadership

381

(5)

Leader Emergence

381

(2)

Leader Performance

383

(3)

Interaction Between the Leader and the Situation

386

(4)

Situational Favorability

386

(1)

Organizational Climate

387

(1)

Subordinate Ability

388

(1)

Relationships with Subordinates

389

(1)

Specific Leader Skills

390

(6)

Leadership Through Decision Making

391

(1)

Leadership Through Contact: Management by Walking Around

392

(1)

Leadership Through Power

392

(2)

Leadership Through Vision: Transformational Leadership

394

(1)

Leadership Through Persuasion

395

(1)

Cultural Differences in Leadership: Project GLOBE

396

(2)

Leadership: Where Are We Today?

398

(3)

Chapter Summary

401

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

401

(11)

Exercise 12--1 Thinking About Leadership

402

(2)

Exercise 12--2 Understanding Your Leadership Style

404

(8)

Group Behavior and Conflict

412

(33)

Definition of a Group

412

(1)

Multiple Members

412

(1)

Group Rewards

412

(1)

Corresponding Effects

412

(1)

Common Goals

413

(1)

Reasons for Joining Groups

413

(2)

Affiliation

413

(1)

Identification

413

(1)

Emotional Support

414

(1)

Assistance or Help

414

(1)

Common Interests

414

(1)

Common Goals

414

(1)

Physical Proximity

414

(1)

Assignment

414

(1)

Factors Affecting Group Performance

415

(8)

Group Cohesiveness

415

(3)

Communication Structure

418

(1)

Group Roles

418

(1)

Presence of Others

418

(2)

Individual Dominance

420

(2)

Groupthink

422

(1)

Individual Versus Group Performance

423

(1)

Group Conflict

424

(6)

Types of Conflict

424

(1)

Causes of Conflict

424

(2)

Conflict Styles

426

(3)

Resolving Conflict

429

(1)

Chapter Summary

430

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

431

(14)

Exercise 13--1 Focused Free-Write

432

(1)

Exercise 13--2 Increasing Group Membership

433

(1)

Exercise 13--3 Competition and Conflict

434

(2)

Exercise 13--4 Cohen Conflict Response Inventory (short version)

436

(3)

Exercise 13--5 Reactions to Conflict

439

(2)

Exercise 13--6 Reacting to Conflicts

441

(4)

Organization Development

445

(29)

Managing Change

445

(8)

Sacred Cow Hunts

445

(1)

Employee Acceptance of Change

446

(2)

Implementing Change

448

(1)

Organizational Culture

449

(3)

Coping with Change

452

(1)

Empowerment

453

(6)

Making the Decision to Empower

453

(2)

Levels of Employee Input

455

(3)

Empowerment Charts

458

(1)

Consequences to Empowerment

458

(1)

Teams

459

(5)

What Is a Team?

459

(2)

Types of Teams

461

(1)

How Teams Develop

462

(1)

Why Teams Don't Always Work

462

(2)

Downsizing

464

(3)

Reducing the Impact of Downsizing

464

(2)

Effects of Downsizing

466

(1)

Chapter Summary

467

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

467

(7)

Exercise 14--1 Sacred Cow Hunts

468

(2)

Exercise 14--2 Organizational Culture

470

(1)

Exercise 14--3 Vroom-Yetton Decision-Making Model

471

(2)

Exercise 14--4 Teams

473

(1)

Stress Management: Dealing with the Demands of Life and Work

474

(28)

Stress Defined

474

(1)

Eustress

474

(1)

Distress

474

(1)

Predisposition to Stress

475

(1)

Stress Personalities

475

(1)

Gender, Ethnicity, and Race

476

(1)

Stress Sensitization

476

(1)

Sources of Stress

476

(4)

Personal Stressors

476

(1)

Occupational Stressors

477

(3)

Other Sources of Stress

480

(1)

Consequences of Stress

480

(3)

Personal Consequences

480

(1)

Organizational Consequences

481

(2)

Managing Stress

483

(7)

Planning for Stress

483

(2)

During and After Stress

485

(1)

Stress Reduction Interventions Related to Life/Work Issues

486

(4)

Workplace Violence

490

(3)

Perpetrators of Workplace Violence

491

(1)

Reducing Workplace Violence

492

(1)

Chapter Summary

493

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

493

(9)

Exercise 15--1 Type A Behavior

494

(2)

Exercise 15--2 Optimism

496

(2)

Exercise 15--3 Lifestyle Questionnaire

498

(2)

Exercise 15--4 Empowering and Motivating Yourself: Gaining Control Over Your Life

500

(2)

Working Conditions and Human Factors

502

(30)

Work Schedules

502

(7)

Compressed Work Weeks

502

(1)

Flexible Work Hours

503

(1)

Peak-Time Pay

504

(1)

Job Sharing

504

(1)

Work at Home

505

(1)

Shift Work

506

(2)

Moonlighting

508

(1)

Work Environment

509

(8)

Noise

509

(1)

Music

510

(2)

Temperature

512

(3)

Office Design

515

(2)

Ergonomics and Human Factors

517

(8)

Providing Ergonomically Correct Work Environments

517

(2)

Product Design

519

(3)

System Efficiency

522

(1)

Transportation

523

(2)

Chapter Summary

525

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

525

(7)

Exercise 16--1 Work Schedules

526

(1)

Exercise 16--2 The Work Environment

527

(1)

Exercise 16--3 Office Environments

528

(4)

Glossary

532

(17)

References

549

(42)

Name Index

591

(11)

Subject Index

602

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Applied Industrial/Organizational Psychology (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

Applied Industrial/Organizational Psychology (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

9780534596880

0534596886

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Rent More, Save More! Use code: KBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Applied Industrial/Organizational Psychology (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

Applied Industrial/Organizational Psychology (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

9780534596880

0534596886

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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