CHAPTER 1 Colliding Worlds, 1491–1600

The First Americans

American Empires

Chiefdoms and Confederacies

Patterns of Trade

Sacred Power

Hierarchy and Authority

Peasant Society

Expanding Trade Networks

Myths, Religions, and Holy Warriors

Empires, Kingdoms, and Ministates

Trans-Saharan and Coastal Trade

The Spirit World

Portuguese Expansion

The African Slave Trade

Sixteenth-Century Incursions

America in the World Altered Landscapes

Thinking Like a Historian Colliding Cultures

CHAPTER 2 American Experiments, 1521–1700

A New American World

The Columbian Exchange

The Protestant Challenge to Spain

Brazil’s Sugar Plantations

England’s Chesapeake Colonies

The Laboratory of the Caribbean

Plantation Life

New France

New Netherland

The Rise of the Iroquois

New England

Metacom’s War, 1675-1676

The Pueblo Revolt

Bacon’s Rebellion

Thinking Like a Historian Who Was Pocahontas?

Comparing Interpretations What Role Did Climate and Ecology Play in American Colonization?

Self-Governing Colonies and New Elites, 1607–1660

The Restoration Colonies and Imperial Expansion

From Mercantilism to Imperial Dominion

The Glorious Revolution in England and America

Tribalization

Indian Goals

The South Atlantic System

Africa, Africans, and the Slave Trade

Slavery in the Chesapeake and South Carolina

An African American Community Emerges

The Rise of the Southern Gentry

The Urban Economy

Urban Society

The Rise of Colonial Assemblies

Salutary Neglect

Protecting the Mercantile System

Mercantilism and the American Colonies

America in the World Olaudah Equiano: The Brutal "Middle Passage"

Thinking Like a Historian Servitude and Slavery

New England’s Freehold Society

Farm Families: Women in the Household Economy

Farm Property: Inheritance

Freehold Society in Crisis

Economic Growth, Opportunity, and Conflict

Cultural Diversity

Religion and Politics

Transportation and the Print Revolution

The Enlightenment in America

American Pietism and the Great Awakening

Religious Upheaval in the North

Social and Religious Conflict in the South

The French and Indian War

The Great War for Empire

British Industrial Growth and the Consumer Revolution

The Struggle for Land in the East

Western Rebels and Regulators

Thinking Like a Historian Women’s Labor

America in the World Transatlantic Migration, 1500–1760

PART 3 Revolution and Republican Culture, 1754–1800

The Costs of Empire

George Grenville and the Reform Impulse

An Open Challenge: The Stamp Act

Formal Protests and the Politics of the Crowd

The Ideological Roots of Resistance

Another Kind of Freedom

Parliament and Patriots Square Off Again

The Problem of the West

Parliament Wavers

A Compromise Repudiated

The Continental Congress Responds

The Rising of the Countryside

Loyalists and Neutrals

Lord Dunmore’s War

Armed Resistance in Massachusetts

The Second Continental Congress Organizes for War

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

Independence Declared

Thinking Like a Historian Beyond the Proclamation Line

Comparing Interpretations Did British Administrators Try to Protect or Exploit Native Americans?

War in the North

Armies and Strategies

Victory at Saratoga

The Perils of War

Financial Crisis

Valley Forge

The French Alliance

War in the South

The Patriot Advantage

Diplomatic Triumph

The State Constitutions: How Much Democracy?

Women Seek a Public Voice

The War’s Losers: Loyalists, Native Americans, and Slaves

The Articles of Confederation

Shays’s Rebellion

The Rise of a Nationalist Faction

The Philadelphia Convention

The People Debate Ratification

Thinking Like a Historian The Black Soldier’s Dilemma

Comparing Interpretations What did the Framers Intend When They Drafted The Constitution?

The Federalists Implement the Constitution

Hamilton’s Financial Program

Jefferson’s Agrarian Vision

The French Revolution Divides Americans

The Rise of Political Parties

A Republican Empire Is Born

Sham Treaties and Indian Lands

Migration and the Changing Farm Economy

The Jefferson Presidency

Jefferson and the West

Conflict in the Atlantic and the West

The War of 1812

The Federalist Legacy

Thinking Like a Historian The Social Life of Alcohol

America in the World The Haitian Revolution and the Problem of Race

Foundations of a New Economic Order

Credit and Banking

Transportation and the Market Revolution

The Cotton Complex: Northern Industry and Southern Agriculture

The American Industrial Revolution

Origins of the Cotton South

The Cotton Boom and Slavery

The Spread of Innovation

Wageworkers and the Labor Movement

The Growth of Cities and Towns

Inequality in the South

The Northern Business Elite

The Middle Class

Urban Workers and the Poor

Thinking Like a Historian The Entrepreneur and the Community

Comparing Interpretations Did the Market Revolution Expand Opportunities for Women?

The Decline of the Notables and the Rise of Parties

Racial Exclusion and Republican Motherhood

The Missouri Crisis, 1819–1821

The Election of 1824

The Last Notable President: John Quincy Adams

"The Democracy" and the Election of 1828

Jackson’s Agenda: Rotation and Decentralization

The Tariff and Nullification

The Bank War

Indian Removal

Jackson’s Impact

The Whig Worldview

Labor Politics and the Depression of 1837–1843

"Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!"

COMPARING INTERPRETATIONS Was Indian Removal Humanitarian or Racist?

Thinking Like a Historian Becoming Literate: Public Education and Democracy

Spiritual Awakenings

The Second Great Awakening and Reform

Transcendentalism

Utopian Communities and New Religious Movements

Urban Cultures and Conflicts

Sex in the City

Urban Entertainments

Popular Fiction and the Penny Press

African Americans and the Struggle for Freedom

Free Black Communities, South and North

The Rise of Abolitionism

The Women’s Rights Movement

Origins of the Women’s Rights Movement

From Antislavery to Women’s Rights

Thinking Like a Historian Dance and Social Identity in Antebellum America

America in the World Women’s Rights in France and the United States, 1851

The Expanding South

Planters, Small Freeholders, and Poor Freemen

The Settlement of Texas

The Politics of Democracy

Forging Families and Communities

Working Lives

Contesting the Boundaries of Slavery

The Push to the Pacific

The Plains Indians

The Fateful Election of 1844

The Mexican North

Polk’s Expansionist Program

American Military Successes

Thinking Like a Historian Claiming the Oregon Country

America in the World Financing War

PART 5 Consolidating a Continental Union, 1844–1877

"Free Soil" in Politics

California Gold and Racial Warfare

1850: Crisis and Compromise

An Emerging Political Crisis, 1850–1858

The Abolitionist Movement Grows

Pierce and Expansion

Immigrants and Know-Nothings

The West and the Fate of the Union

Lincoln’s Political Career

The Union Under Siege

The Election of 1860

Comparing Interpretations Did Slavery Have a Future in the West?

Thinking Like a Historian The Irish in America

Early Expectations

Campaigns East and West

Antietam and Its Consequences

Politics North and South

The Impact of Emancipation

Citizens and the Work of War

Vicksburg and Gettysburg

Grant and Sherman Take Command

The Election of 1864 and Sherman’s March

The Confederacy Collapses

The World the War Made

Comparing Interpretations How Divided Was the Confederate Public?

Thinking Like a Historian Military Deaths?—?and Lives Saved?—?During the Civil War

Presidential Approaches: From Lincoln to Johnson

Congress Versus the President

Radical Reconstruction

Women’s Rights Denied

The Meaning of Freedom

The Quest for Land

Republican Governments in the South

Building Black Communities

The Undoing of Reconstruction

The Republicans Unravel

Counterrevolution in the South

Reconstruction Rolled Back

The Political Crisis of 1877

Lasting Legacies

America in the World Labor Laws After Emancipation: Haiti and the United States

Thinking Like a Historian The South’s "Lost Cause"

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