CHAPTER 1

Colliding Worlds, 1491–1600

The Native American Experience

The First Americans

American Empires

Chiefdoms and Confederacies

Patterns of Trade

Sacred Power

Western Europe: The Edge of the Old World

Hierarchy and Authority

Peasant Society

Expanding Trade Networks

Myths, Religions, and Holy Warriors

West and Central Africa: Origins of the Atlantic Slave

Trade

Empires, Kingdoms, and Ministates

Trans-Saharan and Coastal Trade

The Spirit World

Exploration and Conquest

Portuguese Expansion

The African Slave Trade

Sixteenth-Century Incursions

AP® AMERICA IN THE WORLD

Altered Landscapes

AP® INTERPRETING THE PAST

How Connected Were Native American Communities

Before 1492?

Colliding Cultures

A Spanish Priest Criticizes His Fellow Colonists

CHAPTER 2

American Experiments, 1521–1700

Spain’s Tribute Colonies

A New American World

The Columbian Exchange

The Protestant Challenge to Spain

Plantation Colonies

Brazil’s Sugar Plantations

England’s Tobacco Colonies

The Caribbean Islands

Plantation Life

Neo-European Colonies

New France

New Netherland

The Rise of the Iroquois

New England

Instability, War, and Rebellion

Native American Resistance

Bacon’s Rebellion

Who Was Pocahontas?

AP® INTERPRETING THE PAST

What Role Did Climate Play in American

Colonization?

Plantation Colonies Versus Neo-Europes

Susanna Martin, Accused Witch

PART 2 British North America and the Atlantic World, 1607–1763

CHAPTER 3

The British Atlantic World,

1607–1750

Colonies to Empire, 1607–1713

Self-Governing Colonies and New Elites,

1607–1660

The Restoration Colonies and Imperial Expansion

From Mercantilism to Imperial Dominion

The Glorious Revolution in England and America

Imperial Wars and Native Peoples

Tribalization

Indian Goals

The Imperial Slave Economy

The South Atlantic System

Africa, Africans, and the Slave Trade

Slavery in the Chesapeake and South Carolina

An African American Community Emerges

The Rise of the Southern Gentry

The Northern Maritime Economy

The Urban Economy

Urban Society

The New Politics of Empire, 1713–1750

The Rise of Colonial Assemblies

Salutary Neglect

Protecting the Mercantile System

Mercantilism and the American Colonies

Native Americans and European Empires

O laudah Equiano: The Brutal Middle Passage A

P® INTERPRETING THE PAST

Why Did Americans Adopt Slavery?

Servitude and Slavery

CHAPTER 4

Growth, Diversity, and Conflict,

1720–1763

New England’s Freehold Society

Farm Families: Women in the Household

Economy

Farm Property: Inheritance

Freehold Society in Crisis

Diversity in the Middle Colonies

Economic Growth, Opportunity, and Conflict

Cultural Diversity

Religion and Politics

Commerce, Culture, and Identity

Transportation and the Print Revolution

The Enlightenment in America

American Pietism and the Great Awakening

Religious Upheaval in the North

Social and Religious Conflict in the South

The Midcentury Challenge: War, Trade, and Social

Conflict, 1750–1763

The French and Indian War

The Great War for Empire

British Industrial Growth and the Consumer

Revolution

The Struggle for Land in the East

Western Rebels and Regulators

Women’s Labor

AP® AMERICA IN THE WORLD

Transatlantic Migration, 1500–1760

Did Diversity Lead to Toleration?

Evangelical Religion and Enlightenment

Rationalism

PART 3 Revolution and Republican Culture, 1754–1800

CHAPTER 5

The Problem of Empire,

1754–1776

An Empire Transformed

The Costs of Empire

George Grenville and the Reform Impulse

An Open Challenge: The Stamp Act

The Dynamics of Rebellion, 1765–1770

Formal Protests and the Politics of the Crowd

The Ideological Roots of Resistance

Another Kind of Freedom

Parliament and Patriots Square Off Again

The Problem of the West

Parliament Wavers

The Road to Independence, 1771–1776

A Compromise Repudiated

The Continental Congress Responds

The Rising of the Countryside

Loyalists and Neutrals

Violence East and West

Lord Dunmore’s War

Armed Resistance in Massachusetts

The Second Continental Congress Organizes

for War

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

Independence Declared

AP® AMERICA IN THE WORLD

Britain’s Atlantic and Asian Empires

Beyond the Proclamation Line

Did British Administrators Try to Protect or Exploit

Native Americans?

The Debate over Representation and

Sovereignty

CHAPTER 5 REVIEW

CHAPTER 6

Making War and Republican

Governments, 1776–1789

The Trials of War, 1776–1778

War in the North

Armies and Strategies

Victory at Saratoga

The Perils of War

Financial Crisis

Valley Forge

The Path to Victory, 1778–1783

The French Alliance

War in the South

The Patriot Advantage

Diplomatic Triumph

Creating Republican Institutions, 1776–1787

The State Constitutions: How Much Democracy?

Women Seek a Public Voice

The War’s Losers: Loyalists, Native Americans,

and Slaves

The Articles of Confederation

Shays’s Rebellion

The Constitution of 1787

The Rise of a Nationalist Faction

The Philadelphia Convention

The People Debate Ratification

The Black Soldier’s Dilemma

AP® AMERICA IN THE WORLD

China’s Growing Empire

Was the Constitution Necessary?

The First National Debate over Slavery

CHAPTER 6 REVIEW

CHAPTER 7

Hammering Out a Federal Republic,

1787–1820

The Political Crisis of the 1790s

The Federalists Implement the Constitution

Hamilton’s Financial Program

Jefferson’s Agrarian Vision

The French Revolution Divides Americans

The Rise of Political Parties

A Republican Empire Is Born

Sham Treaties and Indian Lands

Migration and the Changing Farm Economy

The Jefferson Presidency

Jefferson and the West

The War of 1812 and the Transformation of

Politics

Conflict in the Atlantic and the West

The War of 1812

The Federalist Legacy

Did Hamilton’s Economic System Endanger the

Legacy of the Revolution?

The Social Life of Alcohol

The Haitian Revolution and the Problem of Race

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

Factional Politics and the War of 1812

CHAPTER 7 REVIEW

PART 4 Overlapping Revolutions, 1800–1848

CHAPTER 8

Economic Transformations,

1800–1848

Foundations of a New Economic Order

Credit and Banking

Transportation and the Market Revolution

The Cotton Complex: Northern Industry and Southern

Agriculture

The American Industrial Revolution

Origins of the Cotton South

The Cotton Boom and Slavery

Technological Innovation and Labor

The Spread of Innovation

Wageworkers and the Labor Movement

The Growth of Cities and Towns

New Social Classes and Cultures

Planters, Yeomen, and Slaves

The Northern Business Elite

The Middle Class

Urban Workers and the Poor

The Entrepreneur and the Community

The Fate of the American and Indian Textile

Industries

The Debate over Free and Slave Labor

Did the Market Revolution Expand Opportunities for

Women?

CHAPTER 8 REVIEW

CHAPTER 9

A Democratic Revolution,

1800–1848

The Rise of Popular Politics

The Decline of the Notables and the Rise

of Parties

Racial Exclusion and Republican Motherhood

The Missouri Crisis, 1819–1821

The Election of 1824

The Last Notable President: John Quincy Adams

The Democracy and the Election of 1828

Jackson in Power, 1829–1837

Jackson’s Agenda: Rotation and Decentralization

The Tariff and Nullification

The Bank War

Indian Removal

Jackson’s Impact

Class, Culture, and the Second Party System

The Whig Worldview

Labor Politics and the Depression of 1837–1843

Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!

Alexis de Tocqueville: Letter to Louis de Kergorlay,

June 29, 1831

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

The Character and Goals of Andrew Jackson

Was Indian Removal Humanitarian or Racist?

Becoming Literate: Public Education

and Democracy

CHAPTER 9 REVIEW

CHAPTER 10

Religion, Reform, and Culture,

1820–1848

Spiritual Awakenings

The Second Great Awakening

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Transcendentalism

Utopian Experiments

Urban Cultures and Conflicts

Sex in the City

Popular Fiction and the Penny Press

Urban Entertainments

African Americans and the Struggle for Freedom

Free Black Communities, North and South

The Rise of Abolitionism

The Women’s Rights Movement

Origins of the Women’s Rights Movement

From Antislavery to Women’s Rights

What Motivated Antebellum Reformers?

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

Saving the Nation from Drink

Dance and Social Identity in Antebellum

America

Women’s Rights in France and the

United States, 1848

CHAPTER 10 REVIEW

CHAPTER 11

Imperial Ambitions, 1820–1848

The Expanding South

Planters, Small Freeholders, and Poor Freemen

The Settlement of Texas

The Politics of Democracy

The African American World

Evangelical Black Protestantism

Forging Families and Communities

Negotiating Rights

Manifest Destiny, North and South

The Push to the Pacific

The Plains Indians

The Fateful Election of 1844

The U.S.-Mexico War, 1846–1848

The War of a Thousand Deserts

Polk’s Expansionist Program

American Military Successes

Childhood in Black and White

What Explains American Enthusiasm for

Manifest Destiny?

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

The U.S.-Mexico War: Expansion and Slavery

Financing War

CHAPTER 11 REVIEW

PART 5 Consolidating a Continental Union, 1844–1877

CHAPTER 12

Sectional Conflict and Crisis,

1844–1861

A Divisive War, 1844–1850

Free Soil in Politics

California Gold and Racial Warfare

1850: Crisis and Compromise

The End of the Second Party System, 1850–1858

The Abolitionist Movement Grows

The Whig Party’s Demise

Immigrants and Know-Nothings

The West and the Fate of the Union

Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Triumph,

1858–1860

Lincoln’s Political Career

The Union Under Siege

The Election of 1860

Secession Winter, 1860–1861

Did Slavery Have a Future in the West?

The Gold Rush: California and Australia

The Irish in America

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

To Secede or Not to Secede?

CHAPTER 12 REVIEW

CHAPTER 13

Bloody Ground: The Civil War,

1861–1865

War Begins, 1861–1862

Early Expectations

Campaigns East and West

Antietam and Its Consequences

Toward Hard War, 1863

Politics North and South

The Impact of Emancipation

Citizens and the Work of War

Vicksburg and Gettysburg

The Road to Union Victory, 1864–1865

Grant and Sherman Take Command

The Election of 1864 and Sherman’s March

The Confederacy Collapses

The World the War Made

How Divided Was the Confederate Public?

Military Deaths — and Lives Saved — During the

Civil War

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

These Honored Dead

War Debt: Britain and the United States,

1830–1900

CHAPTER 13 REVIEW

CHAPTER 14

Reconstruction, 1865–1877

The Struggle for National Reconstruction

Presidential Approaches: From Lincoln to

Johnson

Congress Versus the President

Radical Reconstruction

Women’s Rights Denied

The Meaning of Freedom

The Quest for Land

Republican Governments in the South

Building Black Communities

The Undoing of Reconstruction

The Republicans Unravel

Counterrevolution in the South

Reconstruction Rolled Back

The Political Crisis of 1877

Lasting Legacies

Labor Laws After Emancipation: Haiti and the United States

How Free Were Freedwomen in Reconstruction?

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

The Impact of Terror

The South’s Lost Cause

CHAPTER 14 REVIEW

CHAPTER 15

Conquering a Continent,

1860–1890

The Republican Vision

The New Union and the World

Integrating the National Economy

Incorporating the West

Mining Empires

Cattlemen on the Plains

Homesteaders

The First National Park

A Harvest of Blood: Native Peoples Dispossessed

The Civil War and Indians on the Plains

Grant’s Peace Policy

The End of Armed Resistance

Strategies of Survival

Western Myths and Realities

The Santa Fe Railroad in Mexico and the

United States

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

Women’s Rights in the West

What Factors Motivated America’s Indian

Policies?

Representing Indians

CHAPTER 15 REVIEW

CHAPTER 16

Industrial America: Corporations

and Conflicts, 1877–1911

The Rise of Big Business

Innovators in Enterprise

The Corporate Workplace

On the Shop Floor

Immigrants, East and West

Newcomers from Europe

Asian Americans and Exclusion

Labor Gets Organized

The Emergence of a Labor Movement

The Knights of Labor

Farmers and Workers: The Cooperative Alliance

Another Path: The American Federation of Labor

How Modern Were Late-Nineteenth-Century

Corporations?

Poverty and Food

Emigrants and Destinations, 1881–1915

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

Jewish Immigrants in the Industrial Economy

CHAPTER 16 REVIEW

CHAPTER 17

Making Modern American Culture,

1880–1917

Science and Faith

Darwinism and Its Critics

Religion: Diversity and Innovation

Realism in the Arts

Commerce and Culture

Consumer Spaces

Masculinity and the Rise of Sports

The Great Outdoors

Women, Men, and the Solitude of Self

Changing Families

Education

Toward Women’s Emancipation

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

William Graham Sumner and W. E. B. Du Bois on

Heredity and Success

Christianity in the United States and Japan

Was Professional Baseball a Pastime or a Business

Monopoly — or Both?

WCTU Women Do Everything

CHAPTER 17 REVIEW

CHAPTER 18

Civilization’s Inferno: The Rise and

Reform of Industrial Cities,

1880–1917

The New Metropolis

The Shape of the Industrial City

Newcomers and Neighborhoods

City Cultures

Governing the Great City

Urban Machines

The Limits of Machine Government

Crucibles of Progressive Reform

Fighting Dirt and Vice

The Movement for Social Settlements

Cities and National Politics

The World’s Biggest Cities, 1800–2000

Making Mass Media: Newspaper Empires

How Did Urban Progressive Reformers Approach

Environmentalism?

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

These Dead Bodies Were the Answer:

The Triangle Fire

CHAPTER 18 REVIEW

CHAPTER 19

Whose Government? Politics,

Populists, and Progressives,

1880–1917

Reform Visions, 1880–1892

Electoral Politics After Reconstruction

The Populist Program

The Political Earthquakes of the 1890s

Depression and Reaction

Democrats and the Solid South

New National Realities

Reform Reshaped, 1901–1912

Theodore Roosevelt as President

Diverse Progressive Goals

The Election of 1912

Wilson and the New Freedom, 1913–1917

Economic Reforms

Progressive Legacies

Making Modern Presidents

Were the Gilded Age and Progressive Era

Separate Periods?

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

The Omaha Platform, 1892

Economic Output and Government Social

Spending, 1913

CHAPTER 19 REVIEW

PART 7 Domestic and Global Challenges, 1890–1945

CHAPTER 20

An Emerging World Power,

1890–1918

From Expansion to Imperialism

Foundations of Empire

The War of 1898

Spoils of War

A Power Among Powers

The Open Door in Asia

The United States and Latin America

The United States in World War I

From Neutrality to War

Over There

War on the Home Front

Catastrophe at Versailles

The Fate of Wilson’s Ideas

Congress Rejects the Treaty

Debating the Philippines

The Human Cost of World War I

German Americans in World War I

Was Wilson’s Internationalism Successful?

CHAPTER 20 REVIEW

CHAPTER 21

Unsettled Prosperity: From War

to Depression, 1919–1932

Resurgent Conservatism

The Red Scare

Racial Backlash

The Business of America

Politics of Normalcy

Making a Modern Consumer Economy

Postwar Abundance

Consumer Culture

The Automobile and Suburbanization

The Politics and Culture of a Diversifying Nation

Women in a New Age

Culture Wars

The Harlem Renaissance

The Coming of the Great Depression

From Boom to Bust

Early Depression Years

Hollywood in Europe

H ow Did Immigrants Experience America at the

Turn of the Century?

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

Urban Writers Describe Small-Town America

Who Joined the Ku Klux Klan?

CHAPTER 21 REVIEW

CHAPTER 22

Managing the Great Depression,

Forging the New Deal, 1929–1938

Early Responses to the Depression, 1929–1932

Enter Herbert Hoover

Rising Discontent

The 1932 Election

The New Deal Arrives, 1933–1935

Roosevelt and the First Hundred Days

The New Deal Under Attack

The Second New Deal and the Redefining of

Liberalism, 1935–1938

The Welfare State Comes into Being

From Reform to Stalemate

The New Deal and American Society

A People’s Democracy

Reshaping the Environment

The New Deal and the Arts

The Legacies of the New Deal

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

Ordinary People Respond to the New Deal

Was the New Deal a Reform or a Revolution?

Economic Nationalism in the United States

and Mexico

AP® THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN

The New Deal and Public Works

CHAPTER 22 REVIEW

CHAPTER 23

The World at War, 1937–1945

The Road to War

The Rise of Fascism

War Approaches

The Attack on Pearl Harbor

Organizing for a Global War

Financing the War

Mobilizing the American Fighting Force

Workers and the War Effort

Politics in Wartime

Life on the Home Front

For the Duration

Migration and the Wartime City

Japanese Removal

Fighting and Winning the War

Wartime Aims and Tensions

The War in Europe

The War in the Pacific

The Atomic Bomb and the End of the War

The Toll of the War

The Scales of War: Losses and Gains During

World War II

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

Women in the Wartime Workplace

AP® THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN

Mobilizing the Home Front

Why Did the United States Drop the Atomic Bomb

on Japan?

CHAPTER 23 REVIEW

PART 8 The Modern State and the Age of Liberalism, 1945–1980

CHAPTER 24

Cold War America,

1945–1963

Containment in a Divided Global Order

Origins of the Cold War

The Containment Strategy

Containment in Asia

Cold War Liberalism

Truman and the End of Reform

Red Scare: The Hunt for Communists

The Politics of Cold War Liberalism

Containment in the Postcolonial World

The Cold War and Colonial Independence

John F. Kennedy and the Cold War

Making a Commitment in Vietnam

Why Was There a Cold War?

AP® THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN

The Global Cold War

Arming for the Cold War

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

Hunting Communists: The Case of Paul Robeson

CHAPTER 24 REVIEW

CHAPTER 25

Triumph of the Middle Class,

1945–1963

Postwar Prosperity and the Affluent Society

Economy: From Recovery to Dominance

A Nation of Consumers

Youth Culture

Religion and the Middle Class

The American Family in the Era of Containment

The Baby Boom

Women, Work, and Family

Challenging Middle-Class Morality

A Suburban Nation

The Postwar Housing Boom

Rise of the Sunbelt

Two Societies: Urban and Suburban

Was Rock ’n’ Roll an Agent of Social Change?

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

Coming of Age in the Postwar Years

AP® THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN

The Suburban Landscape of Cold War America

Hanoch Bartov: Everyone Has a Car

CHAPTER 25 REVIEW

CHAPTER 26

Walking into Freedom Land: The Civil

Rights Movement, 1941–1973

The Emerging Civil Rights Struggle, 1941–1957

Life Under Jim Crow

Origins of the Civil Rights Movement

World War II: The Beginnings

Cold War Civil Rights

Mexican Americans and Japanese Americans

Fighting for Equality Before the Law

Forging a Protest Movement, 1955–1965

Nonviolent Direct Action

Legislating Civil Rights, 1963–1965

Beyond Civil Rights, 1966–1973

Black Nationalism

Urban Disorder

Rise of the Chicano Movement

The American Indian Movement

Freedom in the United States and Africa

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

Race and Geography in the Civil Rights Era

Was Martin Luther King Jr. a Radical or a

Reformer?

AP® THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN

Civil Rights and Black Power: Strategy

and Ideology

CHAPTER 26 REVIEW

CHAPTER 27

Uncivil Wars: Liberal Crisis and

Conservative Rebirth, 1961–1972

Liberalism at High Tide

John F. Kennedy’s Promise

Lyndon B. Johnson and the Great Society

Rebirth of the Women’s Movement

The Vietnam War Begins

Escalation Under Johnson

Public Opinion and the War

The Student Movement

Days of Rage, 1968–1972

War Abroad, Tragedy at Home

The Antiwar Movement and the 1968 Election

The Nationalist Turn

Women’s Liberation and Black and Chicana

Feminism

Stonewall and Gay Liberation

Rise of the Silent Majority

Nixon in Vietnam

The Silent Majority Speaks Out

The 1972 Election

What Are the Origins of 1960s Feminism?

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

The Toll of War

AP® THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN

Debating the War in Vietnam

The Global Protests of 1968

CHAPTER 27 REVIEW

CHAPTER 28

The Search for Order in an Era

of Limits, 1973–1980

An Era of Limits

Energy Crisis

Environmentalism

Economic Transformation

Urban Crisis and Suburban Revolt

Politics in Flux, 1973–1980

Watergate and the Fall of a President

Jimmy Carter: The Outsider as President

Reform and Reaction in the 1970s

Civil Rights in a New Era

The Women’s Movement and Gay Rights

After the Warren Court

The American Family on Trial

Working Families in the Age of

Deindustrialization

Navigating the Sexual Revolution

Religion in the 1970s: The New Evangelicalism

AP® THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN

The Environmental Movement: Reimagining the

Human-Earth Relationship

Why Did the Postwar Boom Bust in the 1970s?

Economic Malaise in the Seventies

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

Debating the Equal Rights Amendment

CHAPTER 28 REVIEW

CHAPTER 29

Conservative America in the Ascent,

1980–1991

The Rise of the New Right

Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan: Champions of

the Right

Free-Market Economics and Religious

Conservatism

The Carter Presidency

The Dawning of the Conservative Age

The Reagan Coalition

Conservatives in Power

Morning in America

The End of the Cold War

U.S.-Soviet Relations in a New Era

A New Political Order at Home and Abroad

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

Christianity and Public Life

Yoichi Funabashi: Japan and America:

Global Partners

AP® THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN

Personal Computing: A Technological Revolution

How Conservative Was the Reagan Presidency?

CHAPTER 30

Confronting Global and National

Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present

America in the Global Economy

The Rise of the European Union and China

A New Era of Globalization

Revolutions in Technology

Politics and Partisanship in a Contentious Era

An Increasingly Plural Society

Clashes over Family Values

Bill Clinton and the New Democrats

Post–Cold War Foreign Policy

Into a New Century

The Ascendance of George W. Bush

Violence Abroad and Economic Collapse at

Home

Reform and Stalemate in the Obama Years

AP® THINKING LIKE A HISTORIAN

Globalization: Its Proponents and Its Discontents

Global Trade, 1960–2009

AP® ANALYZING VOICES

Immigration After 1965: Its Defenders and Critics

How Should Historians Write the History of

Current Events?

Appendix

Glossaries/Glosarios

Index

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