Yvonne Rogers is the Director of the Interaction Centre at University College London as well as a Professor of Interaction Design.

Helen Sharp is Professor of Software Engineering at the Open University, UK.

Jennifer Preece is Professor and Dean Emerita in the College of Information, Maryland’s iSchool – at the University of Maryland.

What’s Inside xix

1 What Is Interaction Design? 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Good and Poor Design 3

1.3 Switching to Digital 6

1.4 What to Design 8

1.5 What Is Interaction Design? 10

1.6 People-Centered Design 14

1.7 Understanding People 16

1.8 Accessibility and Inclusiveness 17

1.9 Usability and User Experience Goals 20

Further Reading 32

Interview with Harry Brignull 34

2 The Process of Interaction Design 37

2.1 Introduction 37

2.2 What Is Involved in Interaction Design? 38

2.3 Some Practical Issues 55

Further Reading 66

3 Conceptualizing Interaction 69

3.1 Introduction 69

3.2 Conceptualizing Interaction 72

3.3 Conceptual Models 75

3.4 Interface Metaphors 79

3.5 Interaction Types 81

3.6 Paradigms, Visions, Challenges, Theories, Models, and Frameworks 89

Further Reading 96

Interview with Albrecht Schmidt 97

4 Cognitive Aspects 101

4.1 Introduction 101

4.2 What Is Cognition? 102

4.3 Cognitive Frameworks 124

Further Reading 134

5 Social Interaction 135

5.1 Introduction 135

5.2 Being Social 136

5.3 Face-to-Face Conversations 141

5.4 Remote Collaboration and Communication 147

5.5 Co-Presence 159

5.6 Social Games 165

Further Reading 169

6 Emotional Interaction 171

6.1 Introduction 171

6.2 Emotions and Behavior 172

6.3 Expressive Interfaces: Aesthetic or Annoying? 180

6.4 Affective Computing and Emotional AI 184

6.5 Persuasive Technologies and Behavioral Change 189

6.6 Anthropomorphism 192

Further Reading 196

7 Interfaces 199

7.1 Introduction 199

7.2 Interface Types 200

7.3 Natural User Interfaces and Beyond 266

7.4 Which Interface? 267

Further Reading 269

Interview with Leah Buechley 271

8 Data Gathering 273

8.1 Introduction 273

8.2 Six Key Issues 274

8.3 Capturing Data 281

8.4 Interviews 284

8.5 Questionnaires 294

8.6 Observation 302

8.7 Putting the Techniques to Work 315

Further Reading 322

9 Data Analysis, Interpretation, and Presentation 325

9.1 Introduction 325

9.2 Quantitative and Qualitative 327

9.3 Basic Quantitative Analysis 330

9.4 Basic Qualitative Analysis 340

9.5 Analytical Frameworks 350

9.6 Tools to Support Data Analysis 362

9.7 Interpreting and Presenting the Findings 362

Further Reading 368

10 Data at Scale and Ethical Concerns 371

10.1 Introduction 371

10.2 Approaches for Collecting and Analyzing Data 373

10.3 Visualizing and Exploring Data 388

10.4 Ethical Design Concerns 398

Further Reading 405

11 Discovering Requirements 407

11.1 Introduction 407

11.2 What, How, and Why? 408

11.3 What Are Requirements? 409

11.4 Data Gathering for Requirements 418

115. Bringing Requirements to Life: Personas and Scenarios 426

11.6 Capturing Interaction with Use Cases 436

Further Reading 440

12 Design, Prototyping, and Construction 441

12.1 Introduction 441

12.2 Prototyping 443

12.3 Conceptual Design 456

12.4 Concrete Design 467

12.5 Generating Prototypes 470

12.6 Construction 480

Further Reading 486

Interview with Jon Froehlich 487

13 Interaction Design in Practice 491

13.1 Introduction 491

13.2 AgileUX 494

13.3 Design Patterns 504

13.4 Open Source Resources 510

13.5 Tools for Interaction Design 512

Further Reading 514

Interview with Luciana Zaina 515

14 Introducing Evaluation 519

14.1 Introduction 519

14.2 The Why, What, Where, and When of Evaluation 520

14.3 Types of Evaluation 524

14.4 Evaluation Case Studies 533

14.5 What Did We Learn from the Case Studies? 541

14.6 Other Issues to Consider When Doing Evaluation 543

Further Reading 547

15 Evaluation Studies: From Controlled to Natural Settings 549

15.1 Introduction 549

15.2 Usability Testing 550

15.3 Conducting Experiments 564

15.4 In- the- Wild Studies 567

Further Reading 576

Interview with danah boyd 577

16 Evaluation: Inspections, Analytics, and Models 583

16.1 Introduction 583

16.2 Inspections: Heuristic Evaluation and Walk-Throughs 584

16.3 Analytics and A/B Testing 601

16.4 Predictive Models 610

Further Reading 614

Epilogue 615

References 619

Index 675

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