Helen Sharp is Professor of Software Engineering and Associate Dean at the Open University.

Jennifer Preece is a Professor and Dean Emerita in the College of Information Studies - Maryland's iSchool - at the University of Maryland in the USA.

Yvonne Rogers is the Director of the Interaction Center at University College London as well as a Professor of Interaction Design.

What’s Inside? xvii

1 What is Interaction Design? 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Good and Poor Design 2

1.3 What is Interaction Design? 9

1.4 The User Experience 13

1.5 Understanding Users 15

1.6 Accessibility and Inclusiveness 17

1.7 Usability and User Experience Goals 19

Interview with Harry Brignull 34

2 The Process of Interaction Design 37

2.1 Introduction 37

2.2 What is Involved in Interaction Design? 38

2.3 Some Practical Issues 55

3 Conceptualizing Interaction 69

3.1 Introduction 69

3.2 Conceptualizing Interaction 71

3.3 Conceptual Models 74

3.4 Interface Metaphors 78

3.5 Interaction Types 81

3.6 Paradigms, Visions, Theories, Models, and Frameworks 88

Interview with Albrecht Schmidt 97

4 Cognitive Aspects 101

4.1 Introduction 101

4.2 What is Cognition? 102

4.3 Cognitive Frameworks 123

5 Social Interaction 135

5.1 Introduction 135

5.2 Being Social 136

5.3 Face-to-Face Conversations 139

5.4 Remote Conversations 143

5.5 Co-presence 150

5.6 Social Engagement 158

6 Emotional Interaction 165

6.1 Introduction 165

6.2 Emotions and the User Experience 166

6.3 Expressive Interfaces and Emotional Design 172

6.4 Annoying Interfaces 174

6.5 Affective Computing and Emotional AI 179

6.6 Persuasive Technologies and Behavioral Change 182

6.7 Anthropomorphism 187

7 Interfaces 193

7.1 Introduction 193

7.2 Interface Types 194

7.3 Natural User Interfaces and Beyond 252

7.4 Which Interface? 253

Interview with Leah Buechley 257

8 Data Gathering 259

8.1 Introduction 259

8.2 Five Key Issues 260

8.3 Data Recording 266

8.4 Interviews 268

8.5 Questionnaires 278

8.6 Observation 287

8.7 Choosing and Combining Techniques 300

9 Data Analysis, Interpretation, and Presentation 307

9.1 Introduction 307

9.2 Quantitative and Qualitative 308

9.3 Basic Quantitative Analysis 311

9.4 Basic Qualitative Analysis 320

9.5 Which Kind of Analytic Framework to Use? 329

9.6 Tools to Support Data Analysis 341

9.7 Interpreting and Presenting the Findings 342

10 Data at Scale 349

10.1 Introduction 349

10.2 Approaches to Collecting and Analyzing Data 351

10.3 Visualizing and Exploring Data 366

10.4 Ethical Design Concerns 375

11 Discovering Requirements 385

11.1 Introduction 385

11.2 What, How, and Why? 386

11.3 What Are Requirements? 387

11.4 Data Gathering for Requirements 395

11.5 Bringing Requirements to Life: Personas and Scenarios 403

11.6 Capturing Interaction with Use Cases 415

Interview with Ellen Gottesdiener 418

12 Design, Prototyping, and Construction 421

12.1 Introduction 421

12.2 Prototyping 422

12.3 Conceptual Design 434

12.4 Concrete Design 445

12.5 Generating Prototypes 447

12.6 Construction 457

Interview with Jon Froehlich 466

13 Interaction Design in Practice 471

13.1 Introduction 471

13.2 AgileUX 473

13.3 Design Patterns 484

13.4 Open Source Resources 489

13.5 Tools for Interaction Design 491

14 Introducing Evaluation 495

14.1 Introduction 495

14.2 The Why, What, Where, and When of Evaluation 496

14.3 Types of Evaluation 500

14.4 Evaluation Case Studies 507

14.5 What Did We Learn from the Case Studies? 514

14.6 Other Issues to Consider When Doing Evaluation 516

15 Evaluation Studies: From Controlled to Natural Settings 523

15.1 Introduction 523

15.2 Usability Testing 524

15.3 Conducting Experiments 533

15.4 Field Studies 536

Interview with danah boyd 546

16 Evaluation: Inspections, Analytics, and Models 549

16.1 Introduction 549

16.2 Inspections: Heuristic Evaluation and Walk-Throughs 550

16.3 Analytics and A/B Testing 567

16.4 Predictive Models 576

References 581

Index 619

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