9780131918351

This book provides a comprehensive guide to wireless technology, exploring key trends and topics such as technology and architecture, network types, design approaches, and the latest applications. Addresses industry trends and technological advances such as the explosive growth of mobile telephones, satellite services, and the wireless Internet. Includes comprehensive coverage of Wi-Fi and WiMax protocols. Provides a guide to specific wireless standards, reflecting their importance in defining both available products and the direction of future research. Examines the various types of wireless networks, such as satellite, cellular, fixed wireless access, and wireless LANs, including IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth. For professionals involved in the design, development, or marketing of data communications and networking products.

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WILLIAM STALLINGS has made a unique contribution to understanding the broad sweep of technical developments in computer networking and computer architecture. He has authored 17 titles, plus revised editions, for a total of 41 books on various aspects of these subjects. Dr. Stallings has seven times received the award for best Computer Science Textbook of the Year from the Text and Academic Authors Association. He has created and maintains the Computer Science Student Resource Site at WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html. He is also an independent consultant whose clients have included computer and networking manufacturers and customers, software development firms, and leading-edge government research institutions. Dr. Stallings holds a Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from M.I.T. and a B.S. from Notre Dame in electrical engineering.

Preface

xi

Introduction

1

(12)

Wireless Comes of Age

2

(1)

The Cellular Revolution

3

(1)

The Global Cellular Network

4

(1)

Broadband

5

(1)

Future Trends

5

(2)

The Trouble with Wireless

7

(1)

Outline of the Book

7

(3)

Internet and Web Resources

10

(3)

PART ONE TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

13

(81)

Transmission Fundamentals

14

(32)

Signals for Conveying Information

15

(7)

Analog and Digital Data Transmission

22

(5)

Channel Capacity

27

(4)

Transmission Media

31

(5)

Multiplexing

36

(4)

Recommended Readings and Web Sites

40

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

41

(5)

Appendix 2A Decibels and Signal Strength

43

(3)

Communication Networks

46

(23)

LANs, MANs, and WANs

47

(2)

Switching Techniques

49

(1)

Circuit Switching

50

(4)

Packet Switching

54

(6)

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

60

(5)

Recommended Readings and Web Sites

65

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

66

(3)

Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite

69

(25)

The Need for a Protocol Architecture

70

(1)

The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture

71

(4)

The OSI Model

75

(2)

Internetworking

77

(6)

Recommended Readings and Web Sites

83

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

83

(11)

Appendix 4A Internet Protocol

85

(3)

Appendix 4B Transmission Control Protocol

88

(4)

Appendix 4C User Datagram Protocol

92

(2)

PART TWO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

94

(142)

Antennas and Propagation

95

(32)

Antennas

96

(5)

Propagation Modes

101

(4)

Line-of-Sight Transmission

105

(10)

Fading in the Mobile Environment

115

(7)

Recommended Readings and Web Sites

122

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

123

(4)

Signal Encoding Techniques

127

(32)

Signal Encoding Criteria

129

(2)

Digital Data, Analog Signals

131

(11)

Analog Data, Analog Signals

142

(6)

Analog Data, Digital Signals

148

(7)

Recommended Readings and Web Sites

186

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

186

(6)

Coding and Error Control

192

(44)

Error Detection

193

(7)

Block Error Correction Codes

200

(16)

Convolutional Codes

216

(7)

Automatic Repeat Request

223

(7)

Recommended Readings and Web Sites

261

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

262

(2)

Cellular Wireless Networks

264

(53)

Principles of Cellular Networks

265

(17)

First-Generation Analog

282

(3)

Second-Generation TDMA

285

(13)

Second-Generation CDMA

298

(6)

Third-Generation Systems

304

(7)

Recommended Readings and Web Sites

311

(3)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

314

(3)

Cordless Systems and Wireless Local Loop

317

(41)

Cordless Systems

318

(11)

Wireless Local Loop

329

(13)

WiMAX and IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Standards

342

(12)

Recommended Readings and Web Sites

354

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

355

(3)

Appendix 11A Linear Predictive Filters

356

(2)

Mobile IP and Wireless Access Protocol

358

(46)

Mobile IP

359

(14)

Wireless Application Protocol

373

(21)

Recommended Readings and Web Sites

394

(2)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

396

(8)

Appendix 12A Internet Control Message Protocol

397

(4)

Appendix 12B Message Authentication

401

(1)

Appendix 12C Service Primitives and Parameters

402

(2)

PART FOUR WIRELESS LANS

404

(107)

Wireless Lan Technology

405

(16)

Overview

406

(7)

Infrared LANs

413

(4)

Spread Spectrum LANs

417

(1)

Narrowband Microwave LANs

418

(1)

Recommended Readings and Web Sites

419

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

419

(2)

Wi-Fi and the IEEE 802.11 Wireless Lan Standard

421

(42)

IEEE 802 Protocol Architecture

422

(6)

IEEE 802.11 Architecture and Services

428

(5)

IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control

433

(9)

IEEE 802.11 Physical Layer

442

(9)

Other IEEE 802.11 Standards

451

(7)

Recommended Readings and Web Sites

458

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

459

(4)

Appendix 14A Scrambling

460

(3)

Bluetooth and IEEE 802.15

463

(48)

Overview

464

(7)

Radio Specification

471

(1)

Baseband Specification

472

(19)

Link Manager Protocol

491

(4)

Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol

495

(6)

IEEE 802.15

501

(7)

Recommended Readings and Web Sites

508

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

509

(2)

APPENDICES

511

(22)

Appendix A Traffic Analysis

511

(9)

A.1 Basic Traffic Concepts

512

(1)

A.2 Multiserver Models

513

(6)

A.3 Recommended Reading

519

(1)

Appendix B Fourier Analysis

520

(6)

B.1 Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Signals

521

(1)

B.2 Fourier Transform Representation of Aperiodic Signals

522

(3)

B.3 Recommended Readings

525

(1)

Appendix C Data Link Control Protocols

526

(7)

C.1 High-Level Data Link Control

527

(6)

Glossary

533

(7)

References

540

(7)

Index

547

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OBJECTIVES Wireless technology has become the most exciting area in telecommunications and networking. The rapid growth of mobile telephone use, various satellite services, and now the wireless Internet and wireless LANs are generating tremendous changes in telecommunications and networking. This book explores the key topics in the field in the following general categories: Technology and architecture:There is a small collection of ingredients that serves to characterize and differentiate wireless communication and networking, including frequency band, signal encoding technique, error correction technique, and network architecture. Network type:This book covers the important types of wireless networks, including satellite, cellular, fixed wireless access, and wireless LANs. Design approaches:The book examines alternative design choices and assesses their relative merits. Applications:A number of key technologies and applications have been developed on top of wireless infrastructures, especially mobile IP and wireless Web access. Throughout, there is an emphasis on both technology and on standards. The book provides a comprehensive guide to understanding specific wireless standards, such as those promulgated by ITU and IEEE 802, as well as standards developed by other organizations. This emphasis reflects the importance of such standards in defining the available products and future research directions in this field. INTENDED AUDIENCE This book is intended for a broad range of readers who will benefit from an understanding of wireless communications and networks, and the associated technologies. This includes students and professionals in the fields of data processing and data communications, designers and implementers, and data communication and networking customers and managers. For the professional interested in this field, the book serves as a basic reference volume and is suitable for self-study. As a textbook, it is suitable for an advanced undergraduate or graduate course. It covers the material in the CS332 Wireless and Mobile Computing advanced course of the joint ACM/IEEE Computing Curricula 2001. The chapters and parts of the book are sufficiently modular to provide a great deal of flexibility in the design of courses. PLAN OF THE BOOK The book treats a number of advanced topics and provides a brief survey of the required elementary topics. For the reader with little or no background in data communications, Part One and the appendices cover a number of basic topics. The book is divided into four parts: Technical Background Wireless Communication Technology Wireless Networking Wireless LANs In addition, the book includes an extensive glossary, a list of frequently used acronyms, and a bibliography. Each chapter includes problems, suggestions for further reading, and a list of relevant Web sites. Each chapter also includes, for review, a list of key words and a number of review questions. INTERNET SERVICES FOR INSTRUCTORS AND STUDENTS There is a Web site for this book that provides support for students and instructors. The site includes links to other relevant sites, transparency masters of figures and tables from the book in PDF (Adobe Acrobat) format, PowerPoint slides, and sign-up information for the book''s Internet mailing list. The Web page is at WilliamStallings.com/WirelessWireless2e.html; see Section 1.8 for more information. An Internet mailing list has been set up so that instructors using this book can exchange information, suggestions, and questions with each other and with the author. As soon as typos or other errors are discovered, an errata list for this book will be available at WilliamStallings.com. I also maintain the Computer Science Student Resource Site at WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html. WHAT''S NEW IN THE SECOND EDITION In the three years since the first edition of this book was published, the field has seen continued innovations and improvements. In this new edition, I try to capture these changes while maintaining a broad and comprehensive coverage of the entire field. To begin the process of revision, the first edition of this book was extensively reviewed by a number of professors who teach the subject. The result is that, in many places, the narrative has been clarified and tightened, and illustrations have been improved. Also, a number of new "field-tested" problems have been added. Beyond these refinements to improve pedagogy and user friendliness, the technical content of the book has been updated throughout, to reflect the ongoing changes in this exciting field. Every chapter has been revised. Highlights include the following: Minimum shift keying:MSK is a form of modulation that is found in some mobile communications systems. This material is now covered. CDMA2000:The first 3G (third generation) wireless system to be deployed commercially is known as CDMA2000 1xEV DO. A discussion of this important standard is included. WiMAX and IEEE 802.16x:Work on wireless local loop has evolved, including the introduction of the WiMAX specification to provide interoperability specifications for 802.16. Chapter 11 includes new material on 802.16, including the recent 802.16a standard. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing:The popularity of OFDM is increasing and is used in a variety of local and wide area wireless standards. The material on OFDM has been updated and expanded. Wi-Fi and IEEE 802.11:The coverage of 802.11a and 802.11b has been expanded significantly, and treatment of 802.11g had been added. Data scrambling:Scrambling is a technique often used to improve signal quality. An overview of data scrambling is provided in Chapter 14. Wi-Fi protected access:WPA has replaced Wireless Equivalent Privacy (WEP) as the specification for providing security in wireless LANs. Chapter 14 provides coverage of WPA. IEEE 802.15 and personal area networks:The initial 802.15.1 standard provides an official specification for Bluetooth, which was covered in the first edition as well as this edition. This edition also covers two new standards: the 802.15.3 high-speed wireless PAN standard and the 802.15.4 low-speed wireless PAN standard. Trellis-coded modulation:TCM is a technique that provides for efficient use of bandlimited channels; it is described in Chapter 15. In addition, throughout the book, virtually every topic has been updated to reflect the developments in standards and technology that have occurred since the publication of the first edition.

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Wireless Communications & Networks

Wireless Communications & Networks

0131918354

Summary

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