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Vestibular Rehabilitation

by: Herdman, Susan J.

Vestibular Rehabilitation

by: Herdman, Susan J.

ISBN 13:
9780803604445
ISBN 10:
0803604440
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/01/1999
Publisher: F a Davis Co
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Summary

Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Addresses the need for vestibular system analysis and treatment for older adults. Reviews factors contributing to imbalance in the elderly and how these factors may be remedied. Checklists, assessment tools, and seven new chapters are included. Previous edition: c1994. For therapists. DNLM: Vestibular Diseases.

SECTION I: Fundamentals

(102)

Chapter 1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Normal Vestibular System

(22)

Timothy C. Hain, MD

Tanya S. Ramaswamy, MD

Michael A. Hillman, MD

Purpose of the Vestibular System

(2)

The Peripheral Sensory Apparatus

(3)

Bony Labyrinth

(1)

Membranous Labyrinth

(1)

Hair Cells

(1)

Vascular Supply

(1)

Physiology of the Periphery

(5)

Semicircular Canals

(2)

Otoliths

(2)

The Vestibular Nerve

(1)

Central Processing of Vestibular Input

(3)

Vestibular Nucleus

(1)

Vascular Supply

(1)

Cerebellum

(1)

Neural Integrator

(1)

Motor Output of the Vestibular System Neurons

(1)

Output for the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex

(1)

Output for the Vestibulospinal Reflex

(1)

Vestibular Reflexes

(2)

The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex

(1)

The Vestibulospinal Reflex

(1)

The Vestibulocollic Reflex

(1)

Cervical Reflexes

(1)

The Cervico-Ocular Reflex

(1)

The Cervicospinal Reflex

(1)

The Cervicocollic Reflex

(1)

Visual Reflexes

(1)

Somatosensory Reflexes

(1)

Higher-Level Problems in Vestibular Processing

(3)

Velocity Storage

(1)

Compensation for Overload

(1)

Sensor Ambiguity

(1)

Motion Sickness

(1)

Repair

(1)

Summary

(2)

Chapter 2 Role of the Vestibular System in Postural Control

(27)

Fay B. Horak, PT, PhD

Charlotte Shupert, PhD

Sensing and Perceiving Position and Motion

(3)

Orienting the Body to Vertical

(7)

Postural Alignment

(3)

Selecting Sensory Information

(4)

Controlling Center of Body Mass

(9)

Role in Static Positions

(2)

Role in Automatic Postural Responses

(6)

Stabilizing the Head

(1)

Summary

(6)

Chapter 3 Postural Abnormalities in Vestibular Disorders

(25)

Emily A. Keshner, PT, EdD

Examining the Vestibulospinal System

(6)

Advantages and Limitations of Clinical Tests

(1)

Dynamic Posturography

(3)

Tests of Quiet Stance

(1)

Stabilometry

(1)

Tiltboards

(1)

Stepping Tests

(1)

Postural Reactions in Peripheral Vestibular Disorders

(4)

Deficient Labyrinthine Inputs

(1)

Indicators of Vestibulospinal Deficiency

(3)

Indications of Vestibulospinal Distortion

(1)

Postural Reactions in Central Vestibular Lesions

(1)

Postural Dysfunction with Pathology of Other Sensory-Motor Centers

(2)

Mechanisms for Recovery of Postural Stability

(5)

Sensory Substitution

(3)

Compensatory Processes

(2)

Summary

(6)

Chapter 4 Vestibular Adaptation

(14)

David S. Zee, MD

Recalibration, Substitution, and Alternative Strategies

(7)

Loss of Unilateral Labyrinthine Function

(4)

Loss of Bilateral Labyrinthine Function

(2)

Studies of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Adaptation in Normal Subjects

(3)

Imagination and Effort of Spatial Localization in Vestibular Adaptation

(1)

Context Specificity

(1)

Neurophysiologic Substrate of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Adaptation

(1)

Summary

(4)

Chapter 5 Vestibular System Disorders

(12)

Michael Fetter, MD

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

(2)

Vestibular Neuritis

(1)

Meniere's Disease and Endolymphatic Hydrops

(3)

Perilymphatic Fistula

(1)

Vestibular Paroxysmia (Disabling Positional Vertigo)

(1)

Bilateral Vestibular Disorders

(2)

Summary

101

(2)

SECTION II: Medical Assessment

103

(132)

Chapter 6 Quantitative Vestibular Function Tests and the Clinical Examination

105

(67)

Vicente Honrubia, MD, DMSc

Clinical Evaluation of Vestibular Patients

106

(22)

Dizziness and Vertigo

106

(2)

Nystagmus

108

(4)

Recording Pathological Nystagmus

112

(3)

Characteristics of Different Types of Pathological Nystagmus

115

(13)

Quantitative Vestibular Ocular Tests

128

(44)

Tests of Visual-Ocular Control

130

(1)

Saccadic Eye Movements

131

(3)

Smooth Pursuit

134

(1)

Optokinetic Nystagmus

135

(4)

Test of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Function

139

(20)

Tests of Visual Vestibular Interaction

159

(6)

Subjective Vestibular Tests

165

(7)

Chapter 7 Clinical Changes in Vestibular Function with Time after Unilateral Vestibular Loss

172

(23)

Ian S. Curthoys, PhD

G. Michael Halmagyi, MD

Consequences of Unilateral Vestibular Loss in Humans

172

(12)

Static Sensory Components

173

(1)

Dynamic Sensory Components

173

(5)

Static Motor Components

178

(3)

Dynamic Motor Components

181

(3)

Summary of Changes in Vestibular Function with Time after Lesions

184

(1)

Factors Influencing the Restoration of Static and Dynamic Equilibrium

184

(3)

Visual Inputs

185

(1)

Vestibular Inputs

185

(1)

Proprioceptive Inputs

185

(1)

Medications

185

(1)

Lesions

186

(1)

Chronic Vestibular Insufficiency Following Unilateral Vestibular Loss

186

(1)

Neural Activity in the Vestibular Nuclei during Vestibular Compensation

187

(4)

Normal Medial Vestibular Nucleus Activity

188

(1)

Ipsilesional Medial Vestibular Nucleus Activity

188

(1)

Contralesional Medial Vestibular Nucleus Activity

188

(2)

Normal Lateral Vestibular Nucleus Activity

190

(1)

Ipsilesional Lateral Vestibular Nucleus Activity

190

(1)

Contralesional Lateral Vestibular Nucleus Activity

190

(1)

Summary

191

(4)

Chapter 8 Otolith Function Tests

195

(20)

G. Michael Halmagyi, MD

Ian S. Curthoys, PhD

Otolith Structure

196

(2)

Normal Otolith Function

198

(1)

Primary Otolithic Afferents

198

(2)

Central Projections

199

(1)

Function of Otolithic Input

199

(1)

The Subjective Visual Horizontal (or Vertical): A Test of Utricular Function

200

(4)

Physiological Background

200

(2)

Central Vestibular Lesions and Settings of the Subjective Visual Vertical

202

(2)

Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials: A Test of Saccular Function

204

(4)

Physiological Background

204

(2)

Method

206

(1)

Clinical Applications

206

(2)

Case Study

208

(5)

Summary

213

(2)

Chapter 9 Audiological Assessment and Management

215

(20)

M. Cara Erskine, MEd

Hiroshi Shimizu, MD

Audiological Assessment

215

(10)

Measurement of Behavioral Hearing Threshold

215

(2)

Types of Hearing Loss

217

(1)

Speech Audiometry

218

(1)

Acoustic Immittance Measurements

219

(1)

Auditory Brainstem Response Testing

220

(5)

Otoacoustic Emission

225

(1)

Management of Hearing Impairment

225

(6)

Hearing Aids

226

(1)

Aural Rehabilitation

227

(1)

Cochlear Implants

228

(2)

Auditory Training

230

(1)

Summary

231

(4)

SECTION III: Medical Management

235

(96)

Chapter 10 Pharmacological and Optical Methods of Treating Vestibular Disorders and Nystagmus

237

(14)

R. John Leigh, MD

Vertigo

239

(3)

Pathophysiology

239

(1)

Neuropharmacology of Vertigo and Nystagmus

239

(1)

Treatment

240

(2)

Oscillopsia

242

(2)

Pathogenesis

242

(2)

Treatment

244

(1)

Nystagmus and Its Visual Consequences

244

(4)

Pathogenesis

244

(1)

Treatments

244

(4)

Summary

248

(3)

Chapter 11 Surgical Management of Vestibular Disorders

251

(13)

Douglas E. Mattox, MD

Acoustic Neuromas (Vestibular Schwannoma)

251

(5)

Middle Cranial Fossa

252

(1)

Translabyrinthine Approach

253

(1)

Suboccipital Craniectomy

254

(2)

Meniere's Disease

256

(3)

Post-Traumatic Vertigo

259

(1)

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

259

(1)

Perilymph Fistula

260

(1)

Vascular Loops

261

(1)

Summary

262

(2)

Chapter 12 Assessment and Management of Central Vestibular Disorders

264

(34)

Thomas Brandt, MD, FRCP

Marianne Dietrich, MD

Clinical Classification of Central Vestibular Disorders

265

(4)

Vestibular Disorders in (Frontal) Roll Plane

269

(9)

Etiology

274

(1)

Natural Course and Management

275

(1)

Thalamic and Cortical Astasia Associated with Subjective Visual Vertical Tilts

276

(1)

Torsional Nystagmus

277

(1)

Vestibular Disorders in (Sagittal) Pitch Plane

278

(6)

Upbeat Nystagmus (Vestibular Upbeat Syndrome)

281

(3)

Vestibular Disorders in (Horizontal) Yaw Plane

284

(1)

Vestibular Cortex: Locations, Functions, and Disorders

285

(7)

The Parietoinsular Vestibular Cortex

286

(1)

Multimodal Sensorimotor Vestibular Cortex Function and Dysfunction

286

(1)

Spatial Hemineglect, a Cortical Vestibular Syndrome?

287

(1)

Paroxysmal Room-Tilt Illusion

288

(1)

Vestibular Epilepsy

288

(1)

Paroxysmal Central Vertigo

289

(3)

Summary

292

(6)

Chapter 13 Diagnosis and Management of Neuro-Otological Disorders Due to Migraine

298

(18)

Ronald J. Tusa, MD, PhD

Incidence

298

(1)

Classification and Criteria for Diagnosis

299

(2)

Migraine without Aura

300

(1)

Migraine with Aura

300

(1)

Childhood Periodic Syndromes

301

(1)

Migrainous Infarction

301

(1)

Neuro-Otological Syndromes

301

(3)

Disorders Due to Migraine

302

(1)

Disorders Associated with Migraine

303

(1)

Pathophysiology

304

(1)

Neurochemical Mechanism

304

(1)

Genetics

304

(1)

Management

305

(5)

Reduction of Risk Factors

305

(3)

Medications

308

(2)

Case Examples

310

(3)

Summary

313

(1)

Patient Information

313

(3)

Chapter 14 Psychological Problems and the Dizzy Patient

316

(15)

Ronald J. Tusa, MD, PhD

Prevalence

316

(2)

Psychological Problems in Patients with Dizziness

316

(1)

Dizziness in Patients with Psychological Disorders

317

(1)

Disability

318

(1)

Psychological Disorders

318

(2)

Anxiety

318

(1)

Somatoform Disorders

319

(1)

Factitious Disorders

319

(1)

Malingering

320

(1)

Phobic Postural Vertigo

320

(1)

Mal de Debarquement Syndrome

320

(1)

Assessment

320

(4)

History

320

(3)

Examinations for Psychogenic Stance and Gait Disorders

323

(1)

Management

324

(1)

Longitudinal Studies

325

(1)

Case Studies

325

(3)

Summary

328

(3)

SECTION IV: Rehabilitation Assessment and Management

331

(242)

Chapter 15 Physical Therapy Assessment of Vestibular Hypofunction

333

(40)

Susan L. Whitney, PT, ATC, PhD

Susan J. Herdman, PT, PhD

Functional Deficits

333

(3)

Vestibulo-Ocular Dysfunction

334

(1)

Motion-Induced Disequilibrium

334

(1)

Postural Instability

335

(1)

Physical Deconditioning

335

(1)

Physical Therapy Evaluation

336

(23)

History

336

(3)

Clinical Examination

339

(7)

Balance Assessment

346

(7)

Gait Evaluation

353

(6)

Transition from Assessment to Treatment

359

(1)

Summary

360

(13)

Chapter 16 Disability in Vestibular Disorders

373

(14)

Helen S. Cohen, EdD, OTR, FAOTA

Taxonomies of Disablement

374

(3)

World Health Organization System

374

(2)

National Institutes of Health Taxonomy

376

(1)

Functional Limitations and Disability in Activities of Daily Living

377

(7)

Assessments

377

(1)

Self-Care Tasks

378

(1)

Instrumental Tasks

379

(1)

Mobility Skills

379

(1)

Psychosocial Consequences

380

(1)

Diagnosis-Specific Problems

381

(3)

Effects of Vestibular Rehabilitation

384

(1)

Summary

384

(3)

Chapter 17 Treatment of Vestibular Hypofunction

387

(37)

Susan J. Herdman, PT, PhD

Susan L. Whitney, PT, ATC, PhD

Mechanisms of Recovery

387

(5)

Cellular Recovery

387

(1)

Spontaneous Recovery

388

(1)

Vestibular Adaptation

388

(1)

Substitution

389

(2)

Habituation

391

(1)

Evidence that Exercise Facilitates Recovery

392

(1)

Predictors of Outcome

393

(1)

Goals of Treatment

394

(1)

Is Recovery Maintained after the Exercises Are Stopped?

394

(1)

Treatment Approaches

394

(6)

Adaptation

394

(3)

Substitution

397

(1)

Cawthorne-Cooksey Exercises

397

(2)

Habituation Exercises

399

(1)

Expectations for Recovery

400

(1)

Treatment

401

(1)

General Considerations

401

(1)

Problem-Oriented Approach

402

(9)

Problem: Visual Blurring and Dizziness When Performing Tasks that Require Visual Tracking or Head Stabilization

403

(2)

Problem: Exacerbation of Symptoms

405

(1)

Problem: Static and Dynamic Postural Instability

405

(4)

Progression of Balance and Gait Exercises

409

(1)

Problem: Physical Deconditioning

409

(2)

Problem: Return to Driving

411

(1)

Summary

411

(1)

Case Studies

411

(13)

Chapter 18 Assessment and Treatment of Complete Vestibular Loss

424

(27)

Susan J. Herdman, PT, PhD

Richard A. Clendaniel, PT, PhD

Primary Complaints

424

(2)

Balance

424

(1)

Oscillopsia

425

(1)

Sense of Disequilibrium or Dizziness

425

(1)

Physical Deconditioning

425

(1)

Assessment

426

(5)

History

427

(1)

Subjective Complaints

428

(1)

Vestibular Function

428

(1)

Visual System

428

(1)

Somatosensory System

429

(1)

Balance and Gait

429

(2)

Mechanisms of Recovery

431

(3)

Gaze Stability

432

(1)

Postural Stability

433

(1)

Compensatory Strategies

433

(1)

Evidence that Exercise Facilitates Recovery

434

(1)

Treatment

434

(6)

Progression of Exercises

438

(1)

Guidelines to Treatment and Prognosis

438

(2)

Summary

440

(1)

Case Studies

440

(11)

Chapter 19 Assessment and Treatment of Patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

451

(25)

Susan J. Herdman, PT, PhD

Ronald J. Tusa, MD, PhD

Characteristics and History

451

(8)

Mechanism

452

(2)

Canal Involvement

454

(1)

Diagnosis

454

(5)

Treatment

459

(11)

Canalith Repositioning Treatment: Posterior and Anterior Canal Canalithiasis

459

(3)

Canalith Repositioning Treatment: Horizontal Canal Canalithiasis

462

(1)

Liberatory Maneuver: Posterior Canal

463

(2)

Brandt-Daroff Habituation Exercises: Posterior Canal Cupulolithiasis

465

(1)

Treatment Guidelines

466

(2)

Postural Disturbances

468

(1)

Management

469

(1)

Conclusion

470

(1)

Case Studies

471

(5)

Chapter 20 Vestibular Rehabilitation of the Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury

476

(18)

Anne Shumway-Cook, PT, PhD

Vestibular Pathology

477

(1)

Concussion

477

(1)

Fractures

477

(1)

Intracranial Pressure and Hemorrhagic Lesions

478

(1)

Central Vestibular Lesions

478

(1)

Vestibular Rehabilitation

478

(11)

Vertigo

479

(1)

Eye-Head Coordination

480

(1)

Postural Control Underlying Stability

481

(7)

Time Course for Recovery

488

(1)

Case Study

489

(1)

Summary

490

(4)

Chapter 21 Cervical Vertigo

494

(16)

Richard A. Clendaniel, PT, PhD

Posterior Cervical Sympathetic Syndrome

494

(1)

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency

495

(1)

Altered Proprioceptive Signals

495

(7)

Anatomy and Physiology

496

(1)

Findings Following Cervical Spine Lesions

497

(5)

Examination and Treatment

502

(3)

Conclusion

505

(1)

Case Study

505

(5)

Chapter 22 Management of the Elderly Person with Vestibular Dysfunction

510

(24)

Susan L. Whitney, PT, ATC, PhD

Vestibular Function

510

(2)

Semicircular Canal Function

511

(1)

Utricular and Saccular Function

511

(1)

Vestibular Function Tests

512

(1)

Visual Deficits

512

(3)

Somatosensory Changes

515

(1)

Musculoskeletal Deficits

516

(1)

Postural Hypotension

516

(1)

Cerebellar Atrophy

516

(1)

Fear of Falling

516

(1)

Attention

517

(1)

Depression

517

(1)

Risk of Falling in Older Adults with Vestibular Disorders

517

(5)

Questionnaires for Balance Assessment

522

(3)

Dizziness Assessment

525

(1)

Typical Balance Tests

525

(1)

Home Assessment

526

(1)

Length of Treatment

526

(1)

What To Do Once the Risk Factor Has Been Identified

526

(1)

Case Studies

527

(4)

Summary

531

(3)

Chapter 23 Treatment of Patients with Nonvestibular Dizziness and Disequilibrium

534

(11)

Neil Shepard, PhD

Annamarie Asher, PT

Patient Identification

535

(1)

Ruling Out a Vestibular Problem

535

(1)

Nonvestibular Dizziness

535

(1)

Treatment Program for Patients with Nonvestibular Dizziness

536

(1)

Outcome Measures

537

(1)

Diagnostic Categories and Results

538

(5)

Mal de Debarquement

538

(2)

Migraine

540

(1)

Disequilibrium Associated with Aging

540

(1)

All Test Findings Normal

541

(1)

Primary Anxiety and Panic

541

(1)

Central Nervous System Lesions

542

(1)

Summary

543

(2)

Chapter 24 Evaluation and Treatment of Vestibular and Postural Control Deficits in Children

545

(21)

Rose Marie Rine, PT, PhD

Incidence of Vestibular Deficits in Children

546

(3)

Development of Postural and Oculomotor Control as They Relate to Vestibular System Function

549

(2)

Evaluation

551

(7)

Treatment

558

(1)

Peripheral Disorders

558

(1)

Central Vestibular and Postural Control Deficits

558

(1)

Case Studies

559

(3)

Summary

562

(4)

Chapter 25 Physical Therapy Diagnosis for Vestibular Disorders

566

(7)

Susan J. Herdman, PT, PhD

History

566

(1)

Clinical Examination

567

(1)

Diagnostic Flowchart

567

(2)

Identification of Modifiers

569

(1)

Summary

570

(3)

Index

573

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Vestibular Rehabilitation

Vestibular Rehabilitation

9780803604445

0803604440

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Vestibular Rehabilitation

Vestibular Rehabilitation

9780803604445

0803604440

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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