9780131121874

Teaching Writing: Balancing Process and Product continues to be the definitive book on how to teach writing in grades K-8, as it is the only text with comprehensive coverage of both process and product. NEW!Teacher's Notes: Supporting Struggling Writers are special features that help teachers adapt chapter content specifically for struggling students. NEW!Teacher's Notes: Assisting English Language Learners point out the best ways for teachers to support these student writers. Vignettes open every chapter to illustrate how real teachers have used the chapter content in their elementary classrooms. Minilessons in every chapter model skills and strategies instruction for use in the classroom. NEW!Instructional Previews help ground readers in chapter content, best addressing the question of what to teach and when. Step-by-Step features clearly illustrate instructional procedures. Rubrics throughout chapters help readers address and clarify assessment issues. NEW!A Descriptive Writing chapter addresses descriptive writing as a specific genre as well as an essential component of narrative writing, poetic writing, and other genres.

Gail E. Tompkins is a Professor at California State University, Fresno, in the Department of Literacy and Early Education.

PART ONE Process and Product

1

(184)

Teaching Children to Write

3

(38)

Writing About Weather

4

(5)

The Writing Process

9

(19)

Stage 1: Prewriting

10

(7)

Stage 2: Drafting

17

(1)

Stage 3: Revising

18

(4)

Stage 4: Editing

22

(3)

Stage 5: Publishing

25

(3)

Supporting Children As They Learn to Write

28

(10)

Modeled Writing

29

(2)

Shared Writing

31

(1)

Interactive Writing

31

(5)

Guided Writing

36

(1)

Independent Writing

36

(2)

Answering Teachers' Questions About . . . Teaching Children to Write

38

(3)

Writing Workshop

41

(34)

Reading and Writing About Families

42

(5)

The Components of Writing Workshop

47

(6)

Writing

49

(1)

Sharing

50

(1)

Minilessons

51

(1)

Reading Aloud to Children

52

(1)

Comparing Writing Workshop to Reading Workshop

52

(1)

Implementing Writing Workshop

53

(20)

Introducing the Writing Process

55

(8)

Arranging the Classroom for Writing Workshop

63

(1)

Adapting Writing Workshop for Emergent Writers

64

(1)

Incorporating Writing Workshop into Units

65

(5)

Monitoring Children's Progress

70

(3)

Answering Teachers' Questions About . . . Writing Workshop

73

(2)

Writing Strategies and Skills

75

(32)

Working With Novice Writers

76

(4)

Strategies and Skills

80

(18)

Writing Strategies

82

(5)

Writing Skills

87

(11)

Teaching Strategies and Skills

98

(6)

Minilessons

100

(1)

Demonstrations and Other Teachable Moments

100

(1)

Why Teach Strategies and Skills?

101

(3)

Answering Teachers' Questions About . . . Writing Strategies and Skills

104

(3)

Writers' Tools

107

(42)

Writing Pen Pal Letters

108

(5)

Spelling

113

(21)

Invented Spelling

114

(1)

Stages of Spelling Development

114

(4)

Analyzing Children's Spelling Development

118

(5)

Teaching Children to Spell Conventionally

123

(11)

Handwriting

134

(7)

The Goal of Handwriting

134

(1)

Teaching Handwriting through Writing

134

(4)

The Handwriting-Writing Connection

138

(3)

Computers

141

(5)

Word Processing and Other Computer Programs for Writers

141

(4)

Using the Internet

145

(1)

Answering Teachers' Questions About . . . Writers' Tools

146

(3)

Assessing Students' Writing

149

(36)

Using Portfolios

150

(3)

Informal Monitoring of Student Writing

153

(6)

Observing

154

(1)

Conferencing

154

(2)

Collecting Writing Samples

156

(1)

Keeping Records

157

(2)

Process Measures

159

(9)

Writing Process Checklists

161

(2)

Assessment Conferences

163

(2)

Self-Assessment

165

(3)

Product Measures

168

(11)

Holistic Scoring

168

(1)

Primary Trait Scoring

169

(1)

Analytic Scoring

170

(2)

Rubrics

172

(5)

Responding to Student Writing

177

(1)

Assigning Grades

178

(1)

Reporting to Parents

179

(3)

Explaining the Rationale

179

(1)

Demonstrating the Program

180

(1)

Displaying the Results

181

(1)

Communicating Through Report Cards

181

(1)

Answering Teachers' Questions About . . . Assessing Students' Writing

182

(3)

PART TWO Writing Genres

185

(268)

Journal Writing

187

(38)

Responding in a Reading Log

189

(3)

Types of Journals

192

(19)

Personal Journals

194

(1)

Dialogue Journals

195

(4)

Reading Logs

199

(2)

Learning Logs

201

(5)

Double-Entry Journals

206

(2)

Simulated Journals

208

(3)

Young Children's Journals

211

(1)

Teaching Students to Write in Journals

211

(11)

Introducing Children to Journal Writing

213

(1)

Instructional Procedures for Journal Writing

213

(5)

Sustaining Journal Writing

218

(3)

Assessing Children's Journals

221

(1)

Answering Teachers' Questions About . . . Journal Writing

222

(3)

Letter Writing

225

(24)

Writing About Favorite Books

227

(3)

Types of Letters

230

(11)

Friendly Letters

230

(9)

Business Letters

239

(1)

Simulated Letters

240

(1)

Teaching Students to Write Letters

241

(6)

Introducing Letter Writing

241

(1)

Writing Letters

242

(1)

Assessing Students' Letters

242

(5)

Answering Teachers' Questions About . . . Letter Writing

247

(2)

Descriptive Writing

249

(28)

Writing Vivid Descriptions

251

(3)

Descriptive Techniques

254

(6)

Specific Information

255

(1)

Word Choice

255

(2)

Sensory Images

257

(1)

Comparisons

258

(2)

Dialogue

260

(1)

Teaching Students to Write Descriptively

260

(14)

Teaching Minilessons

261

(9)

Using the Writing Process

270

(1)

In Theme Studies

270

(2)

In Writing Workshop

272

(1)

Assessing Students' Writing

272

(2)

Answering Teachers' Questions About . . . Descriptive Writing

274

(3)

Biographical Writing

277

(26)

Writing a Class Biography

279

(3)

Types of Biographical Writing

282

(14)

Personal Narratives

282

(3)

Autobiographies

285

(4)

Biographies

289

(7)

Teaching Children to Write Biographies

296

(6)

Introducing Biography with Personal Narratives

297

(1)

Writing Biographies and Autobiographies

297

(1)

Assessing Students' Biographies

297

(5)

Answering Teachers' Questions About . . . Biographical Writing

302

(1)

Expository Writing

303

(36)

Traveling the Oregon Trail

305

(5)

Expository Text Structures

310

(4)

Description

310

(1)

Sequence

311

(1)

Comparison

311

(1)

Cause and Effect

311

(1)

Problem and Solution

311

(3)

How Children Apply the Patterns

314

(1)

Types of Expository Writing

314

(16)

``All About . . .'' Books

314

(5)

Collaborative Reports

319

(1)

Individual Reports

320

(3)

Abc Books

323

(1)

Riddles

323

(1)

Posters, Diagrams, and Charts

323

(2)

Cubes

325

(1)

Multigenre Projects

325

(5)

Teaching Children About Expository Writing

330

(7)

Introducing the Expository Text Structures

330

(1)

Writing Collaborative Reports

330

(4)

Writing Individual Reports

334

(1)

Assessing Children's Expository Writing

334

(3)

Answering Teachers' Questions About . . . Expository Writing

337

(2)

Narrative Writing

339

(38)

Retelling and Writing Stories

342

(6)

Elements of Story Structure

348

(15)

Plot

348

(5)

Setting

353

(1)

Characters

354

(5)

Theme

359

(1)

Point of View

359

(3)

Literary Devices

362

(1)

Teaching Children to Write Stories

363

(11)

Teaching an Element of Story Structure

364

(1)

Exploration Activities

364

(7)

Assessing Stories That Children Write

371

(3)

Answering Teachers' Questions About . . . Narrative Writing

374

(3)

Poetry Writing

377

(44)

Reading and Writing Poetry

380

(4)

Wordplay

384

(11)

Learning the Meaning of Words

384

(6)

Laughing with Language

390

(1)

Creating Word Pictures

391

(2)

Playing with Rhyme

393

(2)

Poetic Forms

395

(19)

Formula Poems

396

(4)

Free-Form Poems

400

(4)

Syllable and Word-Count Poems

404

(2)

Rhymed Verse Poems

406

(1)

Model Poems

407

(2)

Poetic Devices

409

(5)

Teaching Children to Write Poems

414

(4)

Introducing Children to Poetry

414

(2)

Teaching Children to Write Poems Using a Poetic Form

416

(2)

Assessing Children's Poems

418

(1)

Answering Teachers' Questions About . . . Poetry Writing

418

(3)

Persuasive Writing

421

(32)

Writing Mother's Day Cards

423

(3)

Persuasion

426

(6)

Three Ways to Persuade

427

(1)

Propaganda

428

(2)

Organization of an Argument

430

(2)

Types of Persuasive Writing

432

(6)

Persuasive Posters

432

(2)

Persuasive Letters

434

(2)

Persuasive Essays

436

(2)

Advertisements and Commercials

438

(1)

Teaching Children to Write Persuasively

438

(12)

Introducing Persuasive Writing

439

(2)

Writing Persuasive Letters and Essays

441

(1)

Writing Advertisements

441

(7)

Assessing Children's Persuasive Writing

448

(2)

Answering Teachers' Questions About . . . Persuasive Writing

450

(3)

References

453

(14)

Author Index

467

(4)

Subject Index

471

What is included with this book?

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Teaching Writing: Balancing Process and Productcontinues to be the definitive book on how to teach writing, as it is the only text with comprehensive coverage of bothprocess and product.This is because I understand that teachers in kindergarten through eighth grade must balance the attention paid to both the process that children use as they write and the quality of their compositions. Overview of the Fourth Edition My new edition focuses on writing process, collaborative learning, reading and writing connections, writing genres, and writing across the curriculum. The text provides practical strategies for teaching and assessing writing--with step-by-step directions--presenting more than 100 student samples to illustrate the teaching strategies. This edition is divided into two parts. The first part, "Process and Product," focuses on the writing process that children use as they write and on ways to assess children's writing. Readers will learn about the stages in the writing process--involving prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing--and how to teach elementary students to use these stages as a recursive cycle when they write during writing workshop, literature focus units, and thematic units. Readers will also learn how to teach students to develop ideas, organize their writing, choose vocabulary, apply stylistic devices, and correct mechanical errors in order to create high-quality compositions. The second part, "Writing Genres," includes chapters on eight writing forms: journal writing, letter writing, descriptive writing, biograpical writing, expository writing, narrative writing, poetic writing, and persuasive writing. At the beginning of each chapter, I delineate an instructional sequence with goals and activities for teaching each genre in kindergarten through eighth grade. I emphasize five levels of composition instruction that vary according to how much scaffolding the teacher provides: modeled writing, shard writing, interactive writing, guided writing, and independent writing. Through this sequence, teachers vary the amount of support they provide student writers, and students increasingly assume more responsibility for their own writing. Special Features of the Fourth Edition These features increase the effectiveness of this text and provide support for teachers as they teach writing, encourage students to assume more responsibility for using the writing process, and assess the quality of students' finished products. NEW!Teacher's Notes: Supporting Struggling Writersare special features that help teachers adapt chapter content specifically for struggling students. NEW!Teacher's Notes: Assisting English Language Learnerspoint out the best ways for teachers to support these student writers. Vignettesopen every chapter to illustrate how real teachers have used the chapter content in their elementary classrooms. Minilessonsin every chapter model skills and strategies instruction for use in the classroom. NEW!Instructional Previewshelp ground readers in chapter content, best addressing the question of what to teach and when. Step-by-Stepfeatures clearly illustrate instructional procedures. Rubricsthroughout chapters help readers address and clarify assessment issues. NEW!A Descriptive Writing chapteraddresses descriptive writing as a specific genre as well as an essential component of narrative writing, poetic writing, and other genres.

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Teaching Writing : Balancing Process and Product

Teaching Writing : Balancing Process and Product

0131121871

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