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The Sociology of Health, Illness, And Health Care: A Critical Approach

by: Weitz, Rose

The Sociology of Health, Illness, And Health Care: A Critical Approach

by: Weitz, Rose

ISBN 13:
9780495172031
ISBN 10:
0495172030
Edition: 4th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 03/30/2006
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Why do people get ill, and how should we care for them? These are some of the questions driving THE SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH, ILLNESS, AND HEALTH CARE: A CRITICAL APPROACH. Inside, you'll learn about the nature of illness and how the health care industry works. Easy to understand and packed with study tools, this sociology textbook will not only get you ready to navigate the health care system, it will help you out in class as well.

Preface

xvii

PART 1 Social Factors and Illness

(122)

1 Introduction

(14)

The Sociology of Health, Illness, and Health Care: An Overview

(1)

The Sociological Perspective

(3)

A Critical Approach

(1)

Chapter Organization

(2)

A Note on Sources

(3)

Printed Sources

(2)

Internet Sources

(7)

BOX 1.1: Useful Internet Sources

(1)

SUGGESTED READINGS

(1)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

(1)

INTERNET EXERCISES

(2)

2 The Social Sources of Illness

(38)

An Introduction to Epidemiology

(2)

A Brief History of Disease

(9)

The European Background

(1)

Disease in the New World

(1)

The Epidemiological Transition

(3)

The New Rise in Infectious Disease

(4)

Box 2.1: The Threat of Bioterrorism by Sarah St. John

(2)

The Modern Disease Profile

(1)

The Social Sources of Premature Deaths

(18)

Tobacco

(1)

Diet, Exercise, and Obesity

(3)

Medical Errors

(2)

Alcohol

(1)

Bacteria and Viruses

(1)

Toxic Agents

(1)

Motor Vehicles

(1)

Firearms

(1)

Sexual Behavior

(3)

BOX 2.2: Making a Difference: Physicians for Social Responsibility

(1)

BOX 2.3: Ethical Debate: Drug Testing in Schools and Workplaces

(1)

Illicit Drugs

(2)

Health Behaviors, Social Stress, and Illness

(4)

Health Behaviors and Health Lifestyles

(3)

KEY CONCEPTS 2.1: The Health Belief Model

(2)

KEY CONCEPTS 2.2: Health Lifestyle Theory

(1)

Social Stress

(1)

CONCLUSION

(1)

SUGGESTED READINGS

(1)

GETTING INVOLVED

(1)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

(1)

INTERNET EXERCISES

(2)

3 The Social Distribution of Illness in the United States

(38)

Age

(3)

Overview

(1)

Case Study: Prostate Cancer and Aging in Men

(2)

Sex and Gender

(5)

Overview

(2)

A Sociology of Intersex

(1)

Case Study: Woman Battering as a Health Problem

(2)

Social Class

(7)

Overview

(2)

The Sources of Class Differences in Health

(3)

Case Study: Health Among the Homeless

(2)

Race and Ethnicity

(17)

African Americans

(5)

Hispanics

(4)

BOX 3.1: Ethical Debate: Allocating Scarce Health Resources

(3)

Native Americans

(2)

BOX 3.2: The Indian Health Service

(1)

Asian Americans

(2)

Case Study: Environmental Racism

(12)

BOX 3.3: Making a Difference: The Center for Health, Environment & Justice

(1)

CONCLUSION

(1)

SUGGESTED READINGS

(1)

GETTING INVOLVED

(1)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

(1)

INTERNET EXERCISES

(4)

4 Illness in the Developing Nations

(30)

Disease Patterns Around the World

(3)

Sources of Disease in the Developing Nations

(22)

Poverty, Malnutrition, and Disease

(3)

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases

100

(9)

BOX 4.1: War and Health by Lisa Corner

102

(3)

KEY CONCEPTS 4.1: Understanding the Spread of HIV in Africa

105

(4)

Infant Mortality

109

(7)

BOX 4.2: Ethical Debate: The Ethics of Sex Preselection

112

(2)

BOX 4.3: Making a Difference: Freedom from Hunger

114

(2)

Maternal Mortality

116

(1)

Respiratory Diseases

117

(9)

BOX 4.4: Female Circumcision

118

(1)

CONCLUSION

119

(2)

SUGGESTED READINGS

121

(1)

GETTING INVOLVED

121

(1)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

122

(1)

INTERNET EXERCISES

122

(1)

PART 2 The Meaning and Experience of Illness

123

(100)

5 The Social Meanings of Illness

125

(30)

Models of Illness

126

(10)

The Medical and Sociological Models of Illness

126

(5)

KEY CONCEPTS 5.1: Medical and Sociological Models of Illness

128

(3)

Popular Explanations for Illness

131

(5)

BOX 5.1: Making a Difference: Doctors Without Borders

132

(4)

Medicine as Social Control

136

(15)

Creating Illness: Medicalization

136

(8)

BOX 5.2: Ethical Debate: Medical Social Control and Fetal Rights

143

(1)

Social Control and the Human Genome Project

144

(4)

Social Control and the Sick Role

148

(8)

KEY CONCEPTS 5.2: Strengths and Weaknesses of the Sick Role Model

150

(1)

CONCLUSION

151

(1)

SUGGESTED READINGS

152

(1)

GETTING INVOLVED

152

(1)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

152

(1)

INTERNET EXERCISES

152

(3)

6 The Experience of Disability, Chronic Pain, and Chronic Illness

155

(34)

Understanding Disability

156

(7)

Defining Disability

156

(2)

People with Disabilities as a Minority Group

158

(4)

BOX 6.1: Making a Difference: Disability Rights Advocates

161

(1)

The Social Distribution of Disability

162

(1)

Understanding Chronic Pain

163

(1)

Living with Disability and Chronic Illness

164

(21)

Initial Symptoms and Diagnosis

164

(3)

KEY CONCEPTS 6.1: Some Factors Predicting Illness Behavior

166

(1)

Responding to Illness or Injury

167

(1)

Interruptions, Intrusions, and Immersions

168

(1)

Managing Health Care and Treatment Regimens

169

(7)

BOX 6.2: Ethical Debate: The Sale of Human Organs

170

(2)

KEY CONCEPTS 6.2: The Health Belief Model and Medical Compliance

172

(4)

Dealing with Service Agencies

176

(1)

Illness, Disabilities, and Social Relationships

177

(2)

BOX 6.3: American Sign Language and the Education of Deaf Children

178

(1)

Managing Stigma

179

(3)

Health Social Movements

182

(1)

The Body and the Self

183

(2)

CONCLUSION

185

(1)

SUGGESTED READINGS

185

(1)

GETTING INVOLVED

186

(1)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

186

(1)

INTERNET EXERCISES

186

(3)

7 The Sociology of Mental Illness

189

(34)

The Epidemiology of Mental Illness

190

(4)

The Extent of Mental Illness

190

(1)

Social Stress and the Distribution of Mental Illness

190

(4)

BOX 7.1: Diagnostic Criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder

193

(1)

Defining Mental Illness

194

(7)

The Medical Model of Mental Illness

194

(1)

The Sociological Model of Mental Illness

195

(2)

KEY CONCEPTS 7.1: Models of Mental/Mess

196

(1)

The Problem of Diagnosis

197

(1)

The Politics of Diagnosis

198

(3)

A History of Treatment

201

(11)

Before the Scientific Era

201

(1)

The Rise and Decline of Moral Treatment

202

(2)

Freud and Psychoanalysis

204

(1)

The Antipsychiatry Critique

205

(2)

Deinstitutionalization

207

(3)

The Remedicalization of Mental Illness

210

(1)

The Rise of Managed Care

211

(1)

The Experience of Mental Illness

212

(6)

BOX 7.2: Making a Difference: The National Alliance for the Mentally Ill

213

(1)

Becoming a Mental Patient

213

(4)

The Post-Patient Experience

217

(9)

BOX 7.3: Ethical Debate: Confidentiality and the Duty to Warn

218

(1)

CONCLUSION

218

(2)

SUGGESTED READINGS

220

(1)

GETTING INVOLVED

220

(1)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

221

(1)

INTERNET EXERCISES

221

(2)

PART 3 Health Care Systems, Settings, and Technologies

223

(100)

8 The U.S. Health Care System and the Need for Reform

225

(32)

Health Insurance in the United States

226

(10)

KEY CONCEPTS 8.1: Comparing Insurance Models

227

(1)

Health Insurance Models

228

(2)

The Managed Care Revolution

230

(4)

BOX 8.1: Ethical Debate: Pharmacists and Conflicts of Interest

232

(2)

Government-Funded Health Insurance Programs

234

(2)

"Big Pharma": Pharmaceutical Companies and U.S. Health Care

236

(5)

Big Pharma Comes of Age

236

(3)

BOX 8.2: Making a Difference: No Free Lunch

237

(2)

Developing New Drugs 238 Regulating Drugs

239

(1)

Marketing Drugs

240

(1)

Marketing Diseases

241

(1)

The Crisis in Health Care

241

(11)

Rising Health Care Costs

242

(4)

Declining Coverage

246

(3)

The Consequences of Declining Coverage

249

(1)

Why the United States Lacks National Health Care

250

(2)

CONCLUSION

252

(1)

SUGGESTED READINGS

253

(1)

GETTING INVOLVED

253

(1)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

253

(1)

INTERNET EXERCISES

254

(3)

9 Alternative Health Care Systems

257

(34)

Evaluating Health Care Systems

259

(5)

Universal Coverage

259

(1)

Portability

259

(1)

BOX 9.1: Ethical Debate: Is There a Right to Health Care?

260

(1)

Geographic Accessibility

260

(1)

Comprehensive Benefits

261

(1)

Affordability

262

(1)

Financial Efficiency

262

(1)

Consumer Choice

263

(1)

Provider Satisfaction

263

(1)

Health Care in Other Countries

264

(20)

Canada: National Health Insurance

266

(6)

Great Britain: National Health Service

272

(4)

China: Good Health at Low Cost

276

(5)

Mexico: Struggling to Provide Health Care Equitably

281

(1)

Structure of the Health Care System

282

(2)

Reforming Health Care in the United States

284

(4)

BOX 9.2: Making a Difference: Physicians for a National Health Program

285

(3)

CONCLUSION

288

(1)

SUGGESTED READINGS

289

(1)

GETTING INVOLVED

289

(1)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

289

(1)

INTERNET EXERCISES

289

(2)

10 Health Care Settings and Technologies

291

(1)

The Hospital

292

(11)

The Premodern Hospital

292

(2)

Beginnings of the Modern Hospital

294

(1)

The Rise of the Modern Hospital

295

(1)

Hospitals Today

296

(2)

The Hospital-Patient Experience

298

(1)

Nursing Homes

299

(1)

Who Uses Nursing Homes?

300

(1)

Financing Nursing-Home Care

300

(1)

Working in Nursing Homes

301

(1)

Life in Nursing Homes

301

(2)

Board and Care Homes

303

(1)

Assisted Living Facilities

303

(1)

Hospices

304

(8)

Origins of Hospice

304

(1)

The Hospice Philosophy

305

(3)

BOX 10.1: Ethical Debate: A Right to Die?

306

(2)

The Cooptation of Hospice

308

(2)

BOX 10.2: Making a Difference: The Human Service Alliance by W. Bradford Swift with Kimberly Ridley

310

(1)

Use of Hospice

310

(2)

Costs and Financing

312

(1)

Home Care

312

(4)

The Nature of Family Caregiving

313

(2)

Easing the Burdens of Caregiving

315

(1)

Health Care Technologies

316

(3)

The Nature of Technology

316

(1)

The Social Construction of Technology

317

(2)

CONCLUSION

319

(1)

SUGGESTED READINGS

320

(1)

GETTING INVOLVED

320

(1)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

320

(1)

INTERNET EXERCISES

321

(2)

PART 4 Health Care Providers and Bioethics

323

(1)

11 The Profession of Medicine

325

(98)

American Medicine in the Nineteenth Century

326

(3)

Beginnings of Medical Dominance

329

(3)

The Flexner Report and Its Aftermath

330

(1)

Doctors and Professional Dominance

331

(1)

The Decline of Medical Dominance

332

(6)

Changing Patient Attitudes and Deprofessionalization

332

(2)

KEY CONCEPTS 11.1: Divergent Views on Medical Dominance

333

(1)

The Changing Structure of Medicine and Proletarianization

334

(4)

The Continued Strength of Medical Dominance

338

(2)

Medical Education and Medical Values

340

(9)

The Structure of Medical Education

340

(1)

Learning Medical Values

341

(6)

BOX 11.1: Making a Difference: American Medical Student Association

346

(1)

The Consequences of Medical Values

347

(2)

Building a Medical Career

349

(2)

Patient-Doctor Relationships

351

(5)

BOX 11.2: Ethical Debate: Truth Telling in Health Care

352

(2)

BOX 11.3: "Hi, Lucille, This Is Dr. Gold!"by Lucille G. Natkins

354

(2)

CONCLUSION

356

(1)

SUGGESTED READINGS

357

(1)

GETTING INVOLVED

358

(1)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

358

(1)

INTERNET EXERCISES

358

(3)

12 Other Mainstream and Alternative Health Care Providers

361

(2)

Mainstream Health Care Providers

363

(15)

Nursing: A Semiprofession

363

(9)

Pharmacy: The Push to Reprofessionalize

372

(3)

Osteopathy: A Parallel Profession

375

(3)

Alternative Health Care Providers

378

(14)

KEY CONCEPTS 12.1: Limited and Marginal Health Care Occupations

379

(1)

Chiropractors: From Marginal to Limited Practitioners

379

(3)

Lay Midwives: Limited but Still Marginal

382

(4)

BOX 12.1: Making a Difference: Citizens for Midwifery

386

(1)

Curanderos

386

(2)

Christian Science Practitioners

388

(1)

Acupuncturists

389

(10)

BOX 12.2: Ethical Debate: Choosing Alternative Options

390

(2)

CONCLUSION

392

(1)

SUGGESTED READINGS

393

(1)

GETTING INVOLVED

394

(1)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

394

(1)

INTERNET EXERCISES

394

(3)

13 Issues in Bioethics

397

(2)

A History of Bioethics

399

(11)

The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code

399

(2)

Box 13.1: Principles of the Nuremberg Code

401

(1)

The 1960's: The Rise of Bioethics

401

(2)

The 1970's: Willowbrook,Tuskegee, and Karen Quinlan

403

(3)

The 1980's and 1990's: Reproductive Technology, Enhancing Human Traits, and Setting Priorities

406

(3)

Current Issues

409

(1)

Institutionalizing Bioethics

410

(2)

Hospital Ethics Committees

410

(1)

Institutional Review Boards

411

(1)

Professional Ethics Committees

412

(1)

Community Advisory Boards

412

(1)

The Impact of Bioethics

412

(6)

The Impact on Research

413

(2)

The Impact on Medical Education

415

(1)

The Impact on Clinical Practice

415

(3)

BOX 13.2: Making a Difference: Choosing Your Career

418

(1)

CONCLUSION

418

(2)

SUGGESTED READINGS

420

(1)

GETTING INVOLVED

420

(1)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

420

(1)

INTERNET EXERCISES

420

(3)

Glossary

423

(18)

References

441

(36)

Index

477

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

The Sociology of Health, Illness, And Health Care: A Critical Approach

The Sociology of Health, Illness, And Health Care: A Critical Approach

9780495172031

0495172030

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

The Sociology of Health, Illness, And Health Care: A Critical Approach

The Sociology of Health, Illness, And Health Care: A Critical Approach

9780495172031

0495172030

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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