9780132204910

This best-selling collection is the only reader that systematically weaves together three types of articles classic, contemporary,and cross-cultural for each general topic typically covered in a sociology course.Seeing Ourselvesconveys sociology's diversity of viewpoints and methodologies and includes important issues and debates that capture the fascinating complexity of the social world.

Preface

xv

About the Editors

xxi

The Sociological Imagination

Classic

``The Sociological Imagination''

1

(5)

C. Wright Mills

Classic

``Invitation to Sociology''

6

(4)

Peter L. Berger

Contemporary

``Teenage Wasteland''

10

(4)

Donna Gaines

Contemporary

``Women and the Birth of Sociology''

14

(5)

Patricia Madoo Lengermann

Jill Niebrugge-Brantley

Cross-Cultural

``Body Ritual among the Nacirema''

19

(4)

Horace Miner

Sociological Research

Classic

``The Case for Value-Free Sociology''

23

(2)

Max Weber

Contemporary

``The Importance of Social Research''

25

(3)

Earl Babbie

Cross-Cultural

``Arab Women in the Field''

28

(7)

Soraya Altorki

Culture

Classic

``Symbol: The Basic Element of Culture''

35

(5)

Leslie A. White

Classic

``Manifest and Latent Functions''

40

(2)

Robert K. Merton

Contemporary

``Cultural Obsessions with Thinness: African American, Latina, and White Women''

42

(9)

Becky W. Thompson

Cross-Cultural

``India's Sacred Cow''

51

(4)

Marvin Harris

Society

Classic

``Manifesto of the Communist Party''

55

(8)

Karl Marx

Friedrich Engels

Classic

``Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft''

63

(3)

Ferdinand Tonnies

Contemporary

``Unmarried with Children''

66

(6)

Kathryn Edin

Maria Kefalas

Cross-Cultural

``The Amish: A Small Society''

72

(3)

John A. Hostetler

Socialization

Classic

``The Self''

75

(8)

George Herbert Mead

Contemporary

``Boyhood, Organized Sports, and the Construction of Masculinities''

83

(12)

Michael A. Messner

Contemporary

``Socialization and the Power of Advertising''

95

(6)

Jean Kilbourne

Cross-Cultural

``Parents' Socialization of Children in Global Perspective''

101

(5)

D. Terri Heath

Social Interaction in Everyday Life

Classic

``The Dyad and the Triad''

106

(2)

Georg Simmel

Classic

``The Presentation of Self''

108

(6)

Erving Goffman

Contemporary

``Invisible Privilege''

114

(4)

Paula S. Rothenberg

Contemporary

``You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation''

118

(6)

Deborah Tannen

Cross-Cultural

``The DOs and TABOOs of Body Language around the World''

124

(6)

Roger E. Axtell

Groups and Organizations

Classic

``Primary Groups''

130

(4)

Charles Horton Cooley

Classic

``The Characteristics of Bureaucracy''

134

(4)

Max Weber

Contemporary

``McJobs: McDonaldization and the Workplace''

138

(5)

George Ritzer

Cross-Cultural

``'Even If I Don't Know What I'm Doing, I Can Make It Look Like I Do': Becoming a Doctor in Canada''

143

(11)

Brenda L. Beagan

Deviance

Classic

``The Functions of Crime''

154

(3)

Emile Durkheim

Contemporary

``On Being Sane in Insane Places''

157

(13)

David L. Rosenhan

Cross-Cultural

``The Code of the Streets''

170

(10)

Elijah Anderson

Cross-Cultural

``Prostitution: A Worldwide Business of Sexual Exploitation''

180

(14)

Melissa Farley

Sexuality

Classic

``Understanding Sexual Orientation''

194

(3)

Alfred C. Kinsey

Wardell B. Pomeroy

Clyde E. Martin

Contemporary

``Sex in America: How Many Partners Do We Have?''

197

(7)

Robert T. Michael

John H. Gagnon

Edward O. Laumann

Gina Kolata

Cross-Cultural

``Homosexual Behavior in Cross-Cultural Perspective''

204

(11)

J. M. Carrier

Social Stratification

Classic

``Some Principles of Stratification''

215

(8)

Kingsley Davis

Wilbert Moore

Melvin Tumin

Contemporary

``Who Has How Much and Why''

223

(6)

Andrew Hacker

Cross-Cultural

``The Uses of Global Poverty: How Economic Inequality Benefits the West''

229

(8)

Daina Stukuls Eglitis

Gender

Classic

``Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies''

237

(6)

Margaret Mead

Contemporary

``'Night to His Day': The Social Construction of Gender''

243

(6)

Judith Lorber

Contemporary

``How Subtle Sex Discrimination Works''

249

(6)

Nijole V. Benokraitis

Cross-Cultural

``Domestic Violence: A Cross-Cultural View''

255

(6)

Elaine Leeder

Race and Ethnicity

Classic

``The Souls of Black Folk''

261

(5)

W.E.B. DuBois

Contemporary

``Controlling Images and Black Women's Oppression''

266

(8)

Patricia Hill Collins

Contemporary

``How Did Jews Become White Folks?''

274

(10)

Karen B. Brodkin

Cross-Cultural

``Out of Harmony: Health Problems and Young Native American Men''

284

(9)

Jennie R. Joe

Aging and the Elderly

Classic

``The Tragedy of Old Age in America''

293

(6)

Robert N. Butler

Contemporary

``How the Grandparent Role Is Changing''

299

(9)

Roseann Giarrusso

Merril Silverstein

Vern L. Bengston

Cross-Cultural

``Our Aging World''

308

(4)

Frank B. Hobbs

Bonnie L. Damon

The Economy and Work

Classic

``Alienated Labor''

312

(4)

Karl Marx

Contemporary

``When Work Disappears''

316

(10)

William Julius Wilson

Cross-Cultural

``Getting a Job in Harlem: Experiences of African American, Puerto Rican, and Dominican Youth''

326

(9)

Katherine S. Newman

Politics, Government, and the Military

Classic

``The Power Elite''

335

(7)

C. Wright Mills

Contemporary

``Who's Running America?''

342

(7)

Thomas R. Dye

Cross-Cultural

``The Roots of Terrorism'' from The 9/11 Commission Report

349

(7)

Family

Classic

`` `His' and `Her' Marriage''

356

(6)

Jessie Bernard

Contemporary

``The Mommy Myth''

362

(6)

Susan J. Douglas

Meredith W. Michaels

Cross-Cultural

``Mate Selection and Marriage around the World''

368

(7)

Bron B. Ingoldsby

Religion

Classic

``The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism''

375

(6)

Max Weber

Contemporary

``How Student Life Is Different at Religious Colleges''

381

(6)

Naomi Schaefer Riley

Cross-Cultural

``Women and Islam''

387

(7)

Jane I. Smith

Education

Classic

``Education and Inequality''

394

(7)

Samuel Bowles

Herbert Gintis

Contemporary

``Savage Inequalities: Children in U.S. Schools''

401

(6)

Jonathan Kozol

Cross-Cultural

``Japanese Mothers as the Best Teachers''

407

(9)

Keiko Hirao

Health and Medicine

Classic

``The Social Structure of Medicine''

416

(4)

Talcott Parsons

Contemporary

``The Slaughterhouse: The Most Dangerous Job''

420

(5)

Eric Schlosser

Cross-Cultural

``Female Genital Mutilation''

425

(8)

Efua Dorkenoo

Scilla Elworthy

Population and Urbanization

Classic

``The Metropolis and Mental Life''

433

(7)

Georg Simmel

Classic

``Urbanism as a Way of Life''

440

(6)

Louis Wirth

Contemporary

``Urban Sprawl: The Formation of Edge Cities''

446

(5)

John J. Macionis

Vincent N. Parrillo

Cross-Cultural

``Let's Reduce Global Population!''

451

(5)

J. Kenneth Smail

Environment and Society

Classic

``Why Humanity Faces Ultimate Catastrophe''

456

(4)

Thomas Robert Malthus

Contemporary

``Rich Planet, Poor Planet: Global Environment and Poverty in 2001''

460

(12)

Christopher Flavin

Cross-Cultural

``Supporting Indigenous Peoples''

472

(8)

Alan Thein Durning

Collective Behavior and Social Movements

Classic

``On the Origins of Social Movements''

480

(13)

Jo Freeman

Contemporary

``The Animal Rights Movement as a Moral Crusade''

493

(7)

James M. Jasper

Dorothy Nelkin

Cross-Cultural

``Abortion Movements in Poland, Great Britain, and the United States''

500

(10)

Janet Hadley

Social Change and Modernity

Classic

``Anomy and Modern Life''

510

(5)

Emile Durkheim

Classic

``The Disenchantment of Modern Life''

515

(2)

Max Weber

Contemporary

``The American Paradox: Spiritual Hunger in an Age of Plenty''

517

(5)

David G. Myers

Cross-Cultural

``The Price of Modernization: The Case of Brazil's Kaiapo Indians''

522

(7)

Marlise Simons

Photo Credits

529

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PREFACE If there is a college course that is more exciting for students than the introduction to sociology, we don't know what it is. Both of us began our careers as students taking the "intro course," and we both found it to be life-changing. Over the (many) years since then, we have received thousands of e-mail messages from students that, in different ways and using different words, say pretty much the same thing: "Sociology has given me a new way to see the world around me, it has changed the way I think about myself and our society, it has given me knowledge and skills that I can use every day." Why is sociology so exciting? First, understanding how society operates is a source of power, helping us to recognize the opportunities and challenges that frame our lives and to see that society is a human creation that is subject to change. Second, sociology is liberating. It frees us from the belief that we alone are responsible for our life situations and, by showing how society shapes our world, opens the door to new possibilities. Third, sociology is plain fun. Looking at our families, workplaces, campuses, and local communities with a sociological eye, we suddenly recognize patterns and processes that were always there but went unnoticed. To learn to see sociologically is to have the world around you come alive as it never has before. What could be more fun than that? Sociology is also a vast and diverse body of knowledge that stretches back more than 150 years. Seeing Ourselves: Classic, Contemporary, and Cross-Cultural Readings in Sociology captures this rich legacy, presenting it to readers in the words of the men and women who created it. This collection of readings contains the work of the discipline's founders and others who have made lasting contributions. In addition, it contains important research being done by women and men who are standing on the shoulders of the founders. Finally, it deepens our understanding of our own way of life by making comparisons with other societies and cultural systems. This reader provides excellent material for use in a wide range of courses. Seeing Ourselves is most widely used in introductory sociology, but it is also well suited for courses in social problems, cultural anthropology, social theory, social stratification, American studies, women's studies, and marriage and the family. Since its introduction a decade ago, Seeing Ourselves has been the most popular reader in the discipline. This seventh edition offers eighty-three readings that represent the widest range of material found in any similar text. In short, Seeing Ourselves gives instructors the largest selection of articles to consider for their courses. It also give students the best value for their textbook dollar, costing less per article than competing readers and "custom" readers. THE THREE C'S: CLASSIC, CONTEMPORARY, AND CROSS-CULTURAL Seeing Ourselves is the only reader that systematically weaves together three types of selections. For each general topic typically covered in a sociology course, three types of articles are included: classic, contemporary, and cross-cultural. Classic articlesthirty in allare sociological statements of recognized importance and lasting significance. Included here are the ideas of sociology's founders and shakers--including Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Georg Simmel, Ferdinand Tönnies, as well as Margaret Mead, W. E. B. Du Bois, Louis Wirth, George Herbert Mead, Thomas Robert Malthus, and Charles Horton Cooley. There are also many more recent contributions by Alfred Kinsey, Jessie Bernard, Robert Merton, Erving Goffman, Peter Berger, Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore, C. Wright Mills, Talcott Parsons, Leslie White, and Jo Freeman. We realize that not everyone will agree about precisely which selections should be called "classics." But we hope that instructors will be pleased to see the work of so many outstanding men and womenc

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Seeing Ourselves : Classic, Contemporary, and Cross-Cultural Readings in Sociology

Seeing Ourselves : Classic, Contemporary, and Cross-Cultural Readings in Sociology

0132204916

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