Douglas Hesse is Professor of English and Executive Director of Writing at the University of Denver, one of only forty writing programs to receive the CCCC Certificate of Excellence. Dr. Hesse is currently president of the NCTE. He is also a past chair of CCCC and a past president of the Council of Writing Program Administrators (WPA). Dr. Hesse has edited WPA: Writing Program Administration, chaired the MLA Division on Teaching as a Profession, and served on the MLA Committee on Contingent Labor. Author of over sixty articles and book chapters, he has been named University Distinguished Scholar at the University of Denver. 

1) Be specific: use RENNS.

2) Develop your ability as a critical reader and thinker.

3) Check Tab 3, “Frames for College Writing,” for ideas.

4) Use logical, ethical, and emotional appeals.

5) Record source information.

1) Sentence fragments

2) Comma splices and run-ons

3) Mistakes in subject—verb agreement

4) Mistakes in pronoun—antecedent agreement

5) Unclear pronoun reference

6) Sentence shifts

7) Misplaced modifiers

8) Mistakes with homonyms

9) Comma errors

10) Apostrophe errors

A               Importance of reading

B               Purposes for college reading

C               SQ3R reading process

D               Reading comprehension strategies

A               What “critical” means

B               Rhetorical appeals

C               Levels of meaning

D               Critical thinking and reading processes

E                Close and active reading

F                Analyzing

G               Synthesizing and evaluating

H               Inductive and deductive reasoning

I                 Reading images critically

J                How images persuade

K               Analyzing words with images

A               Writing processes

B               Thinking like a writer

C               Planning a writing portfolio

D               Purposes for writing

E                Audience

F                Developing ideas

G               Thesis statement

H               Outlining

A               First draft

B               Writer’s block

C               Revising

D               Revising using thesis statements and essay titles

E                Revising for style and tone

F                Editing

G               Editing software and apps

H               Proofreading

A               What a paragraph is

B               Introductory paragraphs

C               Topic sentences

D               Body paragraphs

E                Coherent paragraphs

F                Rhetorical strategies to develop body paragraphs

G               Concluding paragraphs

A               Document design

B               Principles of design

C               Text

D               Headings

E                Photographs

F                Other visuals

G               Page layout

A               Personal essays

B               Planning and revising

C               Frame for a personal essay

D               Sentence and paragraph guides

E                Student essay example

A               Informative essays

B               Planning and revising

C               Frame for an informative essay

D               Sentence and paragraph guides

E                Student essay example

A               Textual analysis

B               Generating ideas

C               Frame for a textual analysis

D               Sentence and paragraph guides

E                Student essay example

A               Arguments

B               Planning and revising

C               Logical fallacies

D               Frames for arguments

E                Sentence and paragraph guides

F                Student essay example

A               Proposal or solution essays

B               Planning and revising

C               Frame for a proposal or solution essay

D               Sentence and paragraph guides

E                Student essay example

A               Evaluation essays

B               Planning and revising

C               Frame for an evaluation essay

D               Sentence and paragraph guides

E                Student essay example

A               Understanding plagiarism

B               Avoiding plagiarism

C               Understanding patchwriting

D               Avoiding plagiarism of intellectual property

E                Avoiding plagiarism of Internet sources

F                What not to document

A               Integrating sources

B               Quoting sources

C               Paraphrasing sources

D               Summarizing sources

E                Verbs for integrating sources

A               Typical assignments

B               Summary essays

C               Response essays

D               Synthesis essays

A               Understanding research              

B               Topic choice

C               Research question

D               Types of research papers

A               Search strategies

B               Sources

C               Field research

D               Documentation style

E                Research log

F                Working bibliography

G               Documentation software

H               Annotated bibliography

I                 Content notes

J                Research project plan

A               Published sources

B               Using libraries

C               Search engines and databases

D               Using search engines and databases

E                Books

F                Periodicals

G               Reference works

H               Images

I                 Government documents

A               Location of a source

B               Credibility of the publisher

C               Credibility of the author               

D               Use of evidence                

E                Other critical thinking tests

A               Synthesis of sources

B               Relationships of sources              

C               Sources on different subtopics

D               Sources agree

E                Sources partly agree

F                Sources disagree

G               Sources aren’t equally specific

A               Writing process

B               Drafting a thesis statement

C               Outlining a research paper

D               Drafting a research paper

E                Frames for research papers

F                Student’s research paper

G               Revising

H               Editing and formatting

A               MLA documentation style

B               MLA in-text documentation

C               Additional MLA guidelines for parenthetical citations

A               Works Cited list

B               Sources in a Works Cited list

C               Content or bibliographic notes

A               MLA format guidelines

B               MLA-style research paper

A               APA documentation style

B               APA in-text citations

C               APA guidelines for in-text citations

A               References list

B               Sources in a References list

A               APA format guidelines

B               APA-style research paper

A               CM-style documentation

B               Bibliographic notes

A               CSE-style documentation

B               Sources in a list of references

Parts of Speech

A               Nouns

B               Pronouns

C               Verbs

D               Verbals

E                Adjectives

F                Adverbs

G               Prepositions

H               Conjunctions

I                 Interjections

Parts of Sentences

J                Subjects and predicates

K               Direct and indirect objects

L                Complements, modifiers, and appositives

M              Phrases

N               Clauses

O               Sentence types

A               How verbs function

B               Forms of main verbs

C               Auxiliary verbs

D               Using lie or lay

E                Verb tenses

F                Indicative, imperative, and subjunctive moods

G               “Voice” in verbs

A               What subject—verb agreement is

B               Ignoring words between a subject and its verb

C               Subjects connected by and

D               Subjects connected by or

E                Verbs with indefinite pronouns

F                Verbs with who, which, and that

G               Verbs with one of the . . . who

H               Other complicated cases

Pronoun—Antecedent Agreement

A               What pronoun—antecedent agreement is

B               Pronouns when and connects antecedents

C               Pronouns when or connects antecedents

D               Pronouns when antecedents are indefinite pronouns

E                Pronouns when antecedents are collective nouns

Pronoun Reference

F                Avoiding unclear pronoun reference

G               Pronouns with it, that, this, and which

H               Using you for direct address

I                 Using who, which, and that

Pronoun Case

J                What pronoun case is

K               Personal pronouns

L                Selecting the correct case

M              Case when and connects pronouns

N               Matching case in appositives

O               Subjective case after linking verbs

P               Using who, whoever, whom, and whomever

Q               Case after than and as

R               Case with infinitives and -ing words

S                Case for -self pronouns

A               Adjectives v. adverbs

B               Double negatives

C               After linking verbs

D               Comparative and superlative forms

E                Nouns as modifiers

A               Recognizing fragments

B               Subordinating word fragments

C               Fragments without verbs

D               Fragments without subjects

E                Compound predicate fragments

F                Intentional fragments

A               What comma splices and run-on sentences are

B               Correcting comma splices and run-on sentences

A               Consistent person and number

B               Consistent subject and voice

C               Consistent mood

D               Consistent verb tense

E                Consistent direct and indirect discourse

F                Sentences with mixed parts

G               Ellipticals and comparisons

A               Misplaced modifiers

B               Squinting modifiers

C               Split infinitives

D               Disrupting

E                Dangling modifiers

A               Writing concisely

B               Avoiding redundancies

C               Avoiding wordy sentences

D               Combining sentence elements

E                Verbs and conciseness

A               Coordination: Expressing equivalent ideas

B               Avoiding problems

C               Subordination: Expressing nonequivalent ideas

D               Subordination: Avoiding problems

A               Understanding parallelism

B               Avoiding faulty parallelism

C               Parallelism with conjunctions

D               Strengthening a message with parallelism

E                Understanding sentence variety

F                How subjects affect emphasis

G               Adding modifiers

H               Inverting standard word order

A               Words and their meanings

B               Exact words

C               Increasing my vocabulary

D               Suitable language

E                Figurative language

F                Clichés

G               Effect of tone in writing

A               Gender in English

B               Gender-neutral language

A               Plurals

B               Suffixes

C               The ie, ei rule

D               Homonyms and frequently confused words

E                Other spelling errors

A               When to use commas

B               With introductory words

C               Before coordinating conjunctions

D               With a series

E                Between adjectives

F                With nonrestrictive and restrictive elements

G               With quoted words

H               Other word groups to set off

I                 In dates, names, places, addresses, letter format, and numbers

J                Preventing misreadings

K               Other comma errors

A               Instead of periods

B               Instead of commas

A               Lists, appositives, or quotations

B               Between sentences

C               Conventional formats

A               Possessive nouns

B               Possessive indefinite pronouns

C               Possessive pronouns: hers, his, its, ours, yours, and theirs

D               Verbs that end in -s

E                Contractions

F                Letters, numerals, symbols, and terms

A               Short direct quotations

B               Long direct quotations

C               Spoken words

D               Titles

E                Terms, translations, irony

F                When quotation marks are wrong

G               With other punctuation

A               Periods

B               Question marks

C               Exclamation points

A               Dashes

B               Parentheses

C               Brackets

D               Ellipsis points

E                Slashes

A               End of a line

B               Prefixes and suffixes

C               Compound words

D               Spelled-out numbers

A               “First” words

B               Quotations

C               Nouns and adjectives

A               Italics versus quotation marks

B               For emphasis

A               Times and amounts

B               People’s names

C               Jr., Sr., II, III, 2nd, 3rd

D               Names of countries, organizations, and government agencies

E                Addresses

F                Using etc. and other Latin abbreviations

A               Spelled-out numbers

B               Dates, addresses, times, and other numbers

A Message to Multilingual Writers

59. Singulars and Plurals

A               Count and noncount nouns

B               Determiners

C               Nouns used as adjectives

A               Singular count nouns

B               Count and noncount nouns

C               Using the with proper nouns

A               Standard and inverted word orders

B               Placing adjectives

C               Placing adverbs

A               Using in, at, and on to show time and place

B               Phrasal verbs

C               Passive voice

D               Expressions

A               Gerund objects

B               Infinitive objects

C               Using stop, remember, or forget

D               Sense verbs

E                Choosing between —ing and -ed adjectives

A               How modals differ from be, do, and have

B               Expressing ability, necessity, advisability, or probability

C               Expressing preference, plan, or past habit

A               Writing across the curriculum

B               Audience and purpose

A               What the humanities are

B               Types of papers

C               Documentation styles

A               What literature is

B               Types of papers

C               Rules for writing about literature

D               A student’s literature essay

A               What the social sciences are

B               Types of papers

A               What the natural sciences are

B               Types of papers

A               What presentations are

B               Focusing the presentation

C               Organizing a presentation

D               Incorporating multimedia

E                Presentation styles

F                Collaborative presentations

A               What digital environments are

B               Blogs

C               Collaborative spaces

D               Video and sound

A               W

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