Public Policy

ISBN 13:
9780321117984
ISBN 10:
0321117980
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2007
Publisher: Longman
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Summary

This book weds the "normative" and the "empirical" in its examination of public policy. The first part of the text offers a philosophical context, enabling students to see how different conceptions of "the public good" inform and shape public policy. The second part draws on the realm of science and employs the policy process model as a basis for understanding how public policies actually come to fruition. The first two parts act as a "compass" for the third, which presents substantive policy areas, such as defense, education, health, and criminal justice.

Alternate Contents

Models and Process Approach

Models and Policy Substance Approach

Discussion-Driven Non-Economic Approach

Preface

xii

PART I Introduction to Public Policy

Policy and Visions of Governance

(24)

Chapter Overview

(24)

A Working Definition of Public Policy

(2)

Classical Liberalism

(4)

The Philosophical Softening of Some Assumptions of Classical Liberalism

(1)

Modern Liberalism and Public Policy

(6)

The Nature of Liberalism in the United States

(1)

Communitarianism: Another Way of Viewing Society and Policy

(4)

Public Policy: Political Liberalism and Communitarianism, A Balancing Act?

(2)

Lessons Learned

(1)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

(3)

Theories of Public Policy: How Choices Are Made

(23)

Chapter Overview

(23)

The Importance of Science in Studying Public Policy

(1)

The Rational-Comprehensive Model

(2)

Incrementalism

(2)

Public Choice

(2)

Group Theory

(3)

Systems Theory

(1)

Institutionalism

(3)

Elite Theory

(2)

Game Theory

(2)

Neo-Institutionalism

(2)

Lessons Learned

(1)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

(3)

Values and Public Policy

(23)

Chapter Overview

(23)

Regime Values and Personal Values

(1)

Civic Engagement, Social Capital, and Values

(3)

Bases of Individual Values

(1)

Economics and Societal Value Changes

(4)

How Values Have and Continue to Change

(11)

Lessons Learned

(1)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

(2)

Policy Analysis

(24)

Chapter Overview

(24)

Economics

(4)

Rise of Policy Sciences

(1)

Growth of Public Policy

(1)

Central Questions for Public Policy Analysis

(2)

Tools for Policy Analysis

(10)

Outcomes of Public Policy Analysis

(1)

Ethics and Policy Analysis

(1)

Lessons Learned

(1)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

(2)

PART II Policy Process

Agenda Setting

(23)

Chapter Overview

(23)

How Does Agenda Setting Work?

(2)

The President as Agenda Setter

(2)

Congress and the Policy Agenda

100

(1)

Congressional-Executive Relations and Agenda Setting

101

(1)

The Courts and the Policy Agenda

102

(2)

Pressure Groups and Agenda Setting

104

(1)

Bureaucracy and Agenda Setting

105

(1)

Media and Agenda Setting

106

(1)

Elections and the Policy Agenda

107

(1)

Cultural Change and Agenda Setting

107

(1)

Biases in Political Participation and Agenda Setting

108

(1)

Explaining Agenda Setting

109

(6)

Lessons Learned

115

(1)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

116

(2)

Policy Formulation

118

(22)

Chapter Overview

118

(22)

How Is Policy Formulated?

118

(3)

Major Actors in Policy Formulation

121

(10)

Demographic Changes and Policy Formulation

131

(2)

Explaining Policy Formulation

133

(1)

Group Theory and Policy Formulation

134

(3)

Lessons Learned

137

(2)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

139

(1)

Policy Implementation

140

(24)

Chapter Overview

140

(24)

A Theoretical Model of Policy Implementation

141

(7)

Issues Surrounding Implementation

148

(7)

Major Participants in Policy Implementation

155

(3)

Explaining Policy Implementation

158

(3)

Lessons Learned

161

(1)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

162

(2)

Policy Evaluation

164

(18)

Chapter Overview

164

(18)

Skills of a Good Policy Evaluator

165

(1)

General Purposes of Evaluation

166

(4)

Internal Versus External Evaluation

170

(2)

Steps in Policy Evaluation

172

(1)

Types of Data and Evaluation

173

(1)

Types of Evaluations

174

(5)

Lessons Learned

179

(2)

Questions for Study Endnote Bibliography

181

(1)

Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations (IGR)

182

(25)

Chapter Overview

182

(25)

Arguments in Favor of Federalism

183

(3)

Thinking About Federalism

186

(1)

Dual Federalism Model

186

(1)

Cooperative Federalism

187

(1)

Nation-Centered Federalism

188

(2)

Clintonian Federalism and Beyond

190

(2)

Intergovernmental Relations

192

(6)

Intergovernmental Collaborative Policy-Making

198

(2)

Fiscal Federalism

200

(3)

Lessons Learned

203

(1)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

204

(3)

PART III Major Public Policies

Defense Policy

207

(27)

Chapter Overview

207

(27)

The Defense Policy Structure

208

(1)

Major Participants in Defense Policy

209

(2)

Defense Policy During the Cold War

211

(3)

Nuclear Arms Race

214

(2)

Nuclear Weapons Treaties

216

(2)

Policy Dissatisfaction Produces a Policy Shift

218

(2)

Post--Cold War Era

220

(1)

Post--Post Cold War Era and the War on Terrorism

221

(1)

Changing Target Populations in the Post--Post Cold War World

222

(1)

Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR)

223

(2)

Ballistic Missile Defense

225

(1)

Homeland Security

226

(1)

Explaining Defense Policy

227

(3)

Lessons Learned

230

(1)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

231

(3)

Public Health Policy

234

(24)

Chapter Overview

234

(24)

Major Actors in Public Health Policy

235

(13)

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

248

(1)

Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

249

(1)

Indian Health Service (IHS)

250

(2)

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

252

(1)

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

252

(1)

Explaining Public Health Policy

253

(1)

Lessons Learned

254

(1)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

254

(4)

General Social Policy

258

(19)

Chapter Overview

258

(19)

Scope of Social Policy

259

(1)

Major Policy Actors

259

(1)

Major Social Policy Agencies and Their Functions

260

(10)

Explaining General Social Policy

270

(4)

Lessons Learned

274

(1)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

275

(2)

Education Policy

277

(26)

Chapter Overview

277

(26)

Major Participants in Education Policy

278

(5)

The Common School Movement: The Foundation of Modern Public Schools

283

(1)

Post-World War II Education Policy

284

(3)

Education Policy Reform Proposals

287

(7)

Moving Toward the Twenty-First Century

294

(2)

Explaining Education Policy

296

(3)

Lessons Learned

299

(1)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

300

(3)

Criminal Justice Policy

303

(36)

Chapter Overview

303

(36)

Major Participants

304

(4)

Types of Crime

308

(5)

Causes of Crime

313

(3)

Crimes and Criminal Procedure

316

(1)

Perspectives on Punishment

317

(3)

Incarceration Policy and Management

320

(3)

Hot Topic Crimes in the Twenty-First Century

323

(8)

Contemporary Policing Techniques and Issues

331

(3)

Explaining Criminal Justice Policy

334

(2)

Lessons Learned

336

(1)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

337

(2)

Environmental and Natural Resource Policy

339

(29)

Chapter Overview

339

(29)

The Commons

340

(2)

Key Actors in Environmental Policy

342

(3)

Ecoterrorism

345

(2)

Federal Environmental Regulations

347

(5)

Natural Resources in the United States

352

(1)

Resources We Take from Our Public Lands

352

(8)

Water Politics and Policy

360

(1)

Alternative Energy: Protecting the Environment and Reducing Harmful Extractions

360

(2)

Explaining Environmental Policy

362

(4)

Lessons Learned

366

(1)

Questions for Study Endnotes Bibliography

366

(2)

Cost of Policy

368

(22)

Chapter Overview

368

(22)

A Definition of Budgeting

369

(1)

Explaining the Size of the National Budget

370

(3)

Budget Cycle

373

(3)

Major Participants and Influences

376

(4)

Budget Theory

380

(4)

Politics of Entitlement

384

(1)

The Budget and Implications for Policy

384

(1)

Explaining Public Budgeting

385

(3)

Lessons Learned

388

(1)

Questions for Study Endnote Bibliography

389

(1)

Conclusion Future of Public Policy

390

(6)

Chapter Overview

390

(6)

Commodification/Decommodification

392

(2)

Technology and the Future of Policy

394

(1)

Values and the Future of Policy

394

(1)

Conclusion

395

(1)

Bibliography

395

(1)

Photo Credits

396

(1)

Index

397

Public Policy

9780321117984

0321117980

Summary

Table of Contents

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Public Policy

9780321117984

0321117980

Summary

Table of Contents

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