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Psychopharmacology for Helping Professionals An Integral Exploration

by: Ingersoll, R. Elliott; Rak, Carl F.

Psychopharmacology for Helping Professionals An Integral Exploration

by: Ingersoll, R. Elliott; Rak, Carl F.

ISBN 13:
9780534611828
ISBN 10:
0534611826
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 02/14/2005
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Summary

Master the basics of psychopharmacology with PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY FOR HELPING PROFESSIONALS! Concise yet comprehensive, this counseling text covers the basic principles of psychopharmacology, commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs for adults, and psychotropic medications prescribed to children. Through the use of numerous case examples, study questions, bolded key terms, and glossary, understanding and applying the material has never been easier. Practical information about how to talk with clients about medication and compliance as well as hands-on information about how to approach collaboration with prescribing professionals prepares you to apply what you have learned to practice.

PART ONE An Integral Overview of Psychopharmacology

(70)

Introduction

(14)

Encouragement to the Reader

(1)

A Mantra

(1)

Scientific Truth and the Acceleration of Knowledge

(5)

Everybody Is Right (About Something): The Many Faces of Truth

(1)

The Medical Model Perspective

(1)

The Intrapsychic Perspective

(1)

The Cultural Perspective

(1)

The Social Perspective

(1)

Psychopharmacology and Magical Thinking

(1)

Moving On: What We Know, What We Do Not Know

(2)

The Case of Louise

(1)

The Mind--Brain Problem

(3)

The Epiphenomenon Hypothesis

(1)

The Dual-Substance Hypothesis

(1)

The Layout of This Book

(1)

Part One

(1)

Part Two

(1)

Part Three

(1)

Study Questions and Exercises

(2)

An Overview of Physiology Relevant to Psychopharmacology

(22)

A Few Basics

(5)

Exploring the Central Nervous System

(3)

An Overview of Neurons

(2)

The Basic Anatomy of a Neuron

(1)

The Blood--Brain Barrier

(1)

Types of Neurotransmitters

(2)

Glutamate (Glu)

(1)

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

(1)

Acetylcholine (Ach)

(1)

Monoamine Neurotransmitters

(1)

Dopamine (DA)

(1)

Norepinephrine (NE)

(1)

Serotonin (5-HT)

(1)

Reality Is Complex and . . .

(1)

The Story of Neurotransmission

(1)

Neurotransmission: The Team Players

(1)

Back to Neurotransmitters

(1)

Ions

(1)

Ion Channels

(1)

A View Within the Cell

(1)

The Process of Neurotransmission

(3)

First-Messenger Effects

(1)

Second-Messenger Effects

(1)

A Quick Review

(1)

What Happens When Neurotransmitters Bind to Receptors?

(1)

And What Happens to the Released Neurotransmitter?

(1)

Pharmacodynamics: How Psychotropic Medications Affect Neurotransmission

(3)

Agonism and Antagonism

(1)

Mechanisms of Action With Effects on Production

(1)

Mechanisms of Action With Effects on Release of Neurotransmitter

(1)

Mechanisms of Action Targeting Neurotransmitter Deactivation

(1)

Pharmacokinetics: How the Body Responds to and Eliminates Psychotropic Medications

(1)

Types of Tolerance

(1)

Summary

(1)

Class Exercise: The Psychodramatic Neuron

(1)

Study Questions and Exercises

(1)

Intrapsychic Issues in Psychopharmacology

(14)

Issues of Self-Worth and Stigma

(1)

Client Reactions to the Medical Model of Mental Illness

(2)

The Unconscious

(1)

Client Intrapsychic Issues About Compliance and Adherence

(5)

Reasons That Clients May Not Comply

(4)

Talking to Clients About Medications: Know and Educate Thyself

(1)

Specific Supervision Issues

(2)

Assessment

(1)

Monitoring

(1)

Advocacy

(1)

Issues of Diversity

(1)

Some Final Thoughts on Consciousness

(1)

Summary

(1)

Study Questions and Exercises

(1)

Group Issues: Social and Cultural Perspectives

(19)

Ethnopharmacotherapy: Group Differences in Response to Psychotropic Agents

(1)

Sex and Gender Differences

(2)

Racial Differences

(2)

A Focus on the Cultural Perspective

(2)

Shared Belief Systems Regarding Psychopharmacology: Multicultural Variables

(1)

Discrimination and Oppression

(1)

Case Study: The Case of Rafael

(1)

A Meeting of Subcultures: Collaboration With Prescribing Professionals

(1)

Conditions of the Relationship

(1)

Confidentiality Issues

(1)

Confrontation Issues

(1)

Transference and Countertransference Issues

(1)

Social Institutions and Their Impact on Psychotropic Medications

(7)

The Food and Drug Administration

(4)

The Power of Pharmaceutical Companies

(3)

The Drug Enforcement Agency

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Summary

(1)

Study Questions and Exercises

(3)

PART TWO An Integral View of Drug Discovery

(122)

Some History on the Discovery of Psychotropic Medications

(3)

The Discovery of Antipsychotics and Antidepressants

(1)

``Discovering'' Antidepressants in the United States and Europe

(1)

Relationships Among Categorical Psychiatry, Economics, and Developments in Psychopharmacology

(1)

Descriptive Psychiatry and Magic Bullets

(1)

The Relationship Between DSM Categories and FDA Approval of Drugs

(1)

The Problem of Placebo Response

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

The Antidepressant Era

(27)

The Current Impact of Antidepressants

(1)

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

(1)

Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety

(1)

Theories of Antidepressant Action From the Medical Model Perspective

(3)

Amine Theory

(1)

The Discovery of Reuptake Inhibition

(1)

Downregulation Theory

(1)

Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis

(1)

The Cellular/Molecular Theory of Antidepressant Action

(2)

A Medical Model Overview of Antidepressant Medications

(3)

The Role of Vegetative Symptoms

(1)

Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors

(1)

Common Side Effects of MAOIs

(1)

Newer MAO Inhibitors

(1)

The Case of Allan

(1)

Tricyclic Antidepressants

(2)

Side Effects of TCAs

(1)

Tricyclic Derivatives

(1)

Benefits and Drawbacks to TCAs and TCA Derivatives: A Summary

(1)

The Case of Rita

(1)

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: The Real Second-Generation Antidepressants

(6)

A Bit More History

(1)

Mechanism of Action

(1)

Common Side Effects

(1)

Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction

(1)

Do Antidepressants Induce Dependence?

(1)

SSRI Notes From the Intrapsychic Perspective

(1)

Cases Involving SSRI Medication

(1)

The Case of Linda

(1)

The Case of Jack

(1)

Third-Generation Antidepressants

(2)

Bupropion: A Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor

(1)

Mirtazapine: A Serotonin-Norepinephrine Antagonist

(1)

Venlafaxine: A Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

(1)

Reboxetine: A Selective Noradrenergic Reuptake Inhibitor

(1)

Duloxetine: A Newer Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

(1)

Case of Joshua

100

(1)

Antidepressants in Older Clients

100

(1)

Focus on Intrapsychic, Cultural, and Social Perspectives

101

(1)

Intrapsychic Perspectives

101

(1)

Different Perspectives on the Placebo Problem

102

(1)

Other Treatments for Depression

102

(2)

When to Recommend Medication

103

(1)

The Culture of Pharmaceutical Companies: Are Newer Antidepressants Medical Innovations or ``One-Trick Ponies''?

103

(1)

Summary

104

(1)

Study Questions and Exercises

105

(1)

The Age of Anxiety

106

(28)

Changes in Antianxiety Medication

107

(1)

The Construct of Anxiety

107

(1)

The Case of Marcia

108

(1)

Theories of Anxiolytic Action From the Medical Model Perspective

108

(2)

Anxiety, Brain Circuits, Brain Structures, and Neurotransmitters

109

(1)

A Hypothesized Braking System

109

(1)

Neurotransmitters Involved in Anxiety

109

(1)

Central Nervous System Depressants: The Medical Model Perspective

110

(4)

Barbiturates

111

(2)

The Case of Francis

113

(1)

Nonbarbiturate Alternatives: Mother's Little Helpers

113

(1)

The Case of John

114

(1)

Benzodiazepines

114

(5)

Some Anxiolytic History

114

(1)

Varieties of Benzodiazepine Compounds

115

(1)

Pharmacokinetics

116

(1)

Mechanisms of Action

116

(1)

Side Effects

116

(1)

Tolerance and Dependence

116

(1)

Overdose Potential

117

(1)

The Case of Jennifer

117

(1)

The Case of Sherry

117

(1)

The Case of William

118

(1)

Nonbenzodiazepine Alternatives

118

(1)

Buspirone: A Unique Anxiolytic

119

(3)

Mechanisms of Action

119

(1)

Side Effects and Dosing

120

(1)

Tolerance, Dependence, and Overdose

121

(1)

The Case of Meredith

121

(1)

Other Similar Agents

121

(1)

Noradrenergic Agents as Anxiolytics

122

(1)

Propranolol

122

(1)

Clonidine

122

(1)

The Case of Starr

123

(1)

SSRI Treatment of Anxiety

123

(1)

The Case of Katrina

123

(1)

The Case of Nicole

124

(1)

The Case of Rhonda

124

(1)

Anxiolytic Therapy by Diagnosis

124

(5)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

125

(1)

Panic Disorder

126

(1)

Social and Specific Phobias

126

(1)

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

127

(1)

The Case of Roger

128

(1)

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

129

(1)

Focus on Perspectives

129

(3)

Intrapsychic Issues

129

(3)

Summary

132

(1)

Study Questions and Exercises

132

(2)

Antipsychotic Medications: The Evolution of Treatment

134

(30)

The Current Impact of Antipsychotics

134

(1)

Schizophrenia

134

(2)

The Spectrum of Symptoms in Schizophrenia

135

(1)

Theories of Neuroleptic Action From the Medical Model Perspective

136

(1)

The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

136

(1)

The Case of Colin

137

(1)

The Case of Ethel

138

(7)

Side Effects of Neuroleptic Medication

138

(1)

The Four Primary Dopamine Pathways in the Brain

138

(2)

Allergic Reactions to Neuroleptics

140

(1)

Anticholinergic Effects of Neuroleptics

140

(1)

Cardiovascular Side Effects From Neuroleptics

141

(1)

Dermatological Side Effects From Neuroleptics

141

(1)

Endocrinological Side Effects of Neuroleptic Medications

142

(1)

Weight Gain

142

(1)

Extrapyramidal Symptoms Caused by Neuroleptic Medication

142

(3)

The Case of Teana

145

(1)

The Case of Maurice

146

(1)

Uses and Efficacy of Neuroleptic Medications

146

(1)

The Atypical Antipsychotics

147

(1)

The Case of Bonnie

147

(1)

A New Era

148

(4)

Placebo Versus Active Control Trials

149

(1)

Mechanisms of Action

149

(1)

Clozapine Side Effects

150

(1)

Agranulocytosis

150

(1)

Autonomic Side Effects of Clozapine

150

(1)

Cardiovascular Side Effects

151

(1)

Metabolic

151

(1)

Neurological Side Effects

152

(1)

Extrapyramidal Side Effects

152

(1)

The Serotonin/Dopamine Antagonists

152

(5)

The Specter of Side Effects

152

(2)

Risperidone

154

(1)

Olanzapine

154

(1)

Sertindole

155

(1)

Quetiapine

156

(1)

Ziprasidone

156

(1)

The Case of Melanie

157

(1)

Conclusions About the SDAs

158

(1)

Newer Agents: The Dopamine Hypothesis Revisited

158

(1)

Amisulpride

158

(1)

Aripiprazole

159

(1)

Focus on Other Perspectives

159

(4)

Intrapsychic Considerations

159

(2)

Issues From the Cultural Perspective

161

(1)

Social Issues

161

(2)

Summary

163

(1)

Study Questions and Exercises

163

(1)

Mood Misnomers: Mood-Stabilizing Agents

164

(29)

Bipolar I Disorder

166

(1)

The Spectrum of Symptoms in Bipolar I Disorder

167

(1)

Some History on Mood Stabilizers

167

(2)

Developments Down Under

168

(1)

Lithium: The Prototypical Mood Stabilizer

169

(8)

Mechanisms of Action

170

(1)

Theories of Lithium Action From the Biomedical Perspective

171

(1)

Lithium and Neurotransmission

171

(1)

Side Effects of Lithium

172

(3)

Lithium Cases

175

(2)

Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers

177

(3)

Carbamazepine

178

(2)

The Case of Molly

180

(1)

The Case of Roger

181

(1)

Valproic Acid

181

(2)

Mechanism of Action

181

(1)

Efficacy of Valproate in Bipolar I Disorder and Aggression

182

(1)

Side Effects of Valproate

182

(1)

The Case of Jose

183

(1)

The Case of Beverly

184

(1)

Newer Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers

184

(2)

Oxcarbazepine

184

(1)

Lamotrigine

185

(1)

Topiramate

185

(1)

Gabapentin

186

(1)

Atypical Antipsychotics as Mood Stabilizers

186

(1)

General Conclusions on Mood Stabilizers

187

(1)

Issues From Other Perspectives

187

(5)

Intrapsychic Issues

187

(1)

The Case of Robert

187

(2)

Issues From the Cultural and Social Perspectives

189

(2)

Issues From the Social Perspective

191

(1)

Conclusion

192

(1)

Summary

192

(1)

Study Questions and Exercises

192

(1)

PART THREE Newer Issues

193

(54)

Medicating Children: Perspectives, Dilemmas, and Future Paradigms

194

(29)

The Complex State of Therapy

194

(1)

The Explosion of Psychotropic Medication Prescriptions for Children and Adolescents

195

(1)

The Case of Phillip

196

(1)

Analysis of Phillip's Case

197

(1)

The Medication of Children and the Federal Laws

197

(2)

FDA Modernization Act

198

(1)

The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act

198

(1)

A Word on Cross-Cultural Perspectives

199

(1)

Intrapsychic Perspectives of Children and Adolescents

200

(1)

Opposition to the Current Trend of Medicating

200

(1)

An Overview of Pediatric and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

201

(3)

Developmental Issues

201

(1)

Developmental Lines

202

(1)

Developmental Pharmacology

202

(2)

Stimulant Medication

204

(7)

Some History

204

(2)

Mechanisms of Action in Amphetamines

206

(1)

ADHD Diagnosis and Assessment

206

(2)

ADHD Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Conundrum

208

(1)

ADHD and Combined Interventions

208

(2)

ADHD and Comorbidity

210

(1)

Atomoxetine, a Nonstimulant

210

(1)

Mood Stabilizers and Bipolar I Disorder in Children

211

(2)

The Case of Nicole

213

(1)

Children and Antipsychotic Medication

214

(2)

Antianxiety Medications and Children and Adolescents

216

(1)

School Issues, Anxiety, and Children

217

(1)

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

218

(1)

Antidepressants and Children and Adolescents

218

(3)

Tricyclic Antidepressants in Children

219

(1)

SSRIs in Children

219

(2)

The Placebo Problem

221

(1)

Conclusion

221

(1)

Summary

222

(1)

Study Questions and Exercises

222

(1)

An Integral View of Herbaceuticals: Weeds, Seeds and New Age Needs

223

(24)

The Behavior of Herbaceutical Use

223

(2)

Intrapsychic Issues

225

(1)

Why Do People Take Herbaceuticals?

225

(1)

Issues of Culture

226

(1)

Issues From the Social Perspective

226

(1)

Legal Issues

226

(1)

Problems in Studying Medicinal Plants

227

(1)

Differences Between Herbs and Drugs

228

(1)

Examining Better Known Herbaceuticals With Application for Psychiatric Problems

229

(6)

St. John's Wort

229

(2)

Kava

231

(1)

Ginkgo Biloba

232

(1)

Valerian Root

233

(1)

Ephedrine

234

(1)

Other Herbaceuticals

235

(1)

An Integral View of Marijuana: Out of the Frying Pan

235

(9)

A Brief History of Marijuana Use

235

(1)

A Medical Model Perspective on Marijuana

236

(1)

Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol

236

(1)

The Issue of Cannabis Dependence and Withdrawal

237

(1)

Is Cannabis a ``Gateway'' Drug?

238

(1)

Proposed Medical Uses for Cannabis

239

(1)

Adverse Effects

239

(2)

Marijuana From the Intrapsychic Perspective

241

(1)

Marijuana From the Cultural Perspective

242

(1)

Social/Legal Perspectives on Marijuana

243

(1)

Conclusions

244

(1)

Summary

244

(1)

Study Questions and Exercises

245

(2)

Glossary

247

(8)

References

255

(24)

Name Index

279

(11)

Subject Index

290

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Psychopharmacology for Helping Professionals An Integral Exploration

Psychopharmacology for Helping Professionals An Integral Exploration

9780534611828

0534611826

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Psychopharmacology for Helping Professionals An Integral Exploration

Psychopharmacology for Helping Professionals An Integral Exploration

9780534611828

0534611826

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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