Nutrition for Life

ISBN 13:
9780805379686
ISBN 10:
0805379681
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2007
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
Newer Edition

Note: Not guaranteed to come with supplemental materials (access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.)

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Summary

Nutrition for Lifecapitalizes on studentsrs" natural interest in nutrition by demonstrating how nutrition relates to their health. A unique aspect of the text is its presentation of nutrients based on function, not on chemical classification. Nutrition: Making It Work for You, The Human Body: Are We Really What We Eat?, Carbohydrates: Bountiful Sources of Energy and Nutrients, Fat: An Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrient, Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body Tissues, Vitamins: Micronutrients with Macro Powers, Minerals: Tissue Builders and Impulse Transmitters, Fluids: The Inner River of Life, Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight, Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health, Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle, Nutrition Issues: The Production, Safety, and Security of the Worldrs"s Food SupplyFor all readers interested in nutrition.

Nutrition: Making it Work for You

(37)

What Is Nutrition, and Why Is It Important?

(4)

Nutrition Is One of Several Factors Contributing to Wellness

(1)

A Healthful Diet Can Prevent Some Diseases and Reduce Your Risk for Others

(1)

Healthy People 2010 Includes Nutrition-Related Goals for the United States

(2)

What Are Nutrients?

(3)

Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins Are Macronutrients That Provide Energy

(1)

Vitamins and Minerals Are Micronutrients

(1)

Water Supports All Body Functions

(1)

What Is a Healthful Diet?

(2)

A Healthful Diet Is Adequate

(1)

A Healthful Diet Is Moderate

(1)

A Healthful Diet Is Balanced

(1)

A Healthful Diet Is Varied

(1)

How Can You Design a Diet That Works for You?

(18)

Use the Dietary Reference Intakes to Figure Out Your Nutrient Needs

(1)

Follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

(2)

Game Plan: Ways to Incorporate the Dietary Guidelines for Americans into Your Daily Life

(1)

Use MyPyramid to Help You Plan Meals and Snacks

(5)

Nutrition Label Activity: How Realistic Are the Serving Sizes Listed on Food Labels?

(6)

Read Food Labels

(3)

Who Can You Trust to Help You Choose Foods Wisely?

(9)

Trustworthy Experts Are Educated and Credentialed

(1)

Government Sources of Information Are Usually Trustworthy

(1)

Professional Organizations Provide Reliable Nutrition Information

(1)

Highlight: Research Study Results: Who Can You Believe?

(7)

The Human Body: Are We Really What We Eat?

(28)

Why Do We Want to Eat What We Want to Eat?

(4)

Food Stimulates Our Senses

(1)

External Cues Trigger Appetite

(1)

Various Factors Affect Hunger and Satiation

(1)

Learning Influences Our Food Choices

(1)

Are We Really What We Eat?

(4)

What About You?: Do You Eat in Response to External or Internal Cues?

(1)

Atoms Bond to Form Molecules

(1)

Food Is Composed of Molecules

(1)

Molecules Join to Form Cells

(1)

Cells Join to Form Tissues and Organs

(1)

Organs Make Up Functional Systems

(1)

What Happens to the Food We Eat?

(8)

Digestive Juices Begin to Flow Even Before We Eat

(1)

The Esophagus Transports Food into the Stomach

(1)

The Stomach Mixes, Digests, and Stores Food

(1)

Most of Digestion and Absorption Occurs in the Small Intestine

(3)

The Large Intestine Stores Food Waste Until It Is Excreted

(1)

How Does the Body Coordinate and Regulate Digestion?

(2)

Highlight: Probiotics: What Are They, Can They Improve Gastrointestinal Health, and Should You Eat Them?

(1)

Healthwatch: What Disorders Are Related to Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination?

(2)

Heartburn Is Caused by Reflux of Stomach Acid

(1)

An Ulcer Is An Area of Erosion in the GI Tract

(1)

Nutrition Myth or Fact?: Ulcers Are Caused by Stress and Spicy Foods

(7)

In Food Allergies, the Body Tries to Defend Against Foods

(1)

Diarrhea Results When Food Is Expelled Too Quickly

(1)

Constipation Results When Food Wastes are Expelled Too Slowly

(1)

Game Plan: Tips for Avoiding Traveler's Diarrhea

(1)

Irritable Bowl Syndrome Causes Intense Pain After Eating

(4)

Carbohydrates: Bountiful Sources of Energy and Nutrients

(32)

What Are Carbohydrates?

(5)

Most Carbohydrates Come from Plant Foods

(1)

Simple Carbohydrates Are Sugars

(1)

Complex Carbohydrates Are Starches and Fiber

(2)

Nutrition Myth or Fact?: Honey Is More Nutritious Than Table Sugar

(1)

Highlight: What Makes a Whole Grain Whole?

(1)

Why Do We Need to Eat Carbohydrates?

(3)

Carbohydrates Provide Energy

(1)

Fiber-Rich Carbohydrates Have Health Benefits

(2)

What Happens to the Carbohydrates We Eat?

(4)

Digestion Breaks Down Most Carbohydrates into Monosaccharides

(1)

The Liver Converts All Monosaccharides into Glucose

(1)

Fiber Is Excreted from the Large Intestine

(1)

Insulin and Glucagon Regulate the Level of Glucose in Blood

(1)

The Glycemic Index Shows How Foods Affect Our Blood Glucose Levels

(2)

How Much Carbohydrate Should We Eat?

(11)

Most Americans Eat Too Much Refined Carbohydrate

(2)

Highlight: What's the Story on Alternative Sweeteners?

(2)

Most Americans Eat Too Little Fiber-Rich Carbohydrate

(4)

Game Plan: Tips for Increasing Your Fiver Intake One Step at a Time

(2)

Nutrition Label Activity: Recognizing Carbohydrates on the Label

(1)

Healthwatch: What Is Diabetes, and Why Has It Become a Public Health Concern?

(8)

In Type 1 Diabetes, the Body Does Not Produce Enough Insulin

(1)

In Type 2 Diabetes, Cells Become Less Responsive to Insulin

(1)

Lifestyle Choices Can Help Control or Prevent Type 2 Diabetes

(1)

What About You?: Calculate Your Risk for Type 2 Diabetes

(4)

Fat: An Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrient

(32)

What Are Fats?

(6)

Lipids Come in Different Forms

(1)

Most of the Fat We Eat Is Triglycerides

(1)

Saturated Fats Contain the Maximum Amount of Hydrogen

100

(1)

Unsaturated Fats Contain Less Hydrogen

101

(1)

Trans Fats Are Harmful to Our Health

102

(1)

Many Foods Contain a Variety of Fatty Acids

102

(1)

Phospholipids Combine Lipids with Phosphate

103

(1)

Nutrition Myth or Fact?: Margarine is More Healthful Than Butter

104

(1)

Sterols Have a Ring Structure

105

(1)

Why Do We Need to Eat Fats?

105

(3)

Fats Provide Energy

105

(1)

Fats Store Energy for Later Use

106

(1)

Fats Provide Essential Fatty Acids

106

(1)

Fats Enable the Transport of Fat-Soluble Vitamins

107

(1)

Fats Help Maintain Cell Function and Provide Protection to the Body

107

(1)

Fats Contribute to the Flavor and Texture of Foods

108

(1)

Fats Help Us to Feel Satiated

108

(1)

When Are Fats Harmful?

108

(1)

Eating Too Much of Certain Fats Can Lead to Disease

108

(1)

Fats Limit the Shelf Life of Foods

108

(1)

What Happens to the Fats We Eat?

109

(2)

The Gallbladder, Liver, and Pancreas Assist in Fat Breakdown

109

(1)

Most Fat Is Absorbed in the Small Intestine

110

(1)

Fat Is Stored in Adipose Tissues for Later Use

111

(1)

How Much Fat Should We Eat?

111

(6)

Dietary Reference Intake for Total Fat

111

(1)

Dietary Reference Intakes for Essential Fatty Acids

112

(1)

Most Americans Eat the Recommended Amount of Fat, But the Wrong Types

112

(1)

Shoppers Guide: Choosing Foods with Healthful Fats

113

(2)

Highlight: Low-Fat, Reduced-Fat, Non-Fat . . . What's the Difference?

115

(1)

Nutrition Label Activity: How Much Fat Is in This Food?

116

(1)

Healthwatch: What Role Do Fats Play In Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer?

117

(13)

Dietary Fats Play an Important Role in Cardiovascular Disease

119

(2)

Highlight: Know Your Blood Lipid Levels!

121

(1)

Other Factors Also Play Important Roles in Cardiovascular Disease

121

(1)

Calculating Your Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

122

(1)

Lifestyle Changes Can Prevent or Reduce Cardiovascular Disease

122

(1)

What About You?: Calculate Your Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

123

(1)

Does a High-Fat Diet Cause Cancer?

124

(1)

Game Plan: Tips for Heart-Healthy Eating

125

(5)

Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body Tissues

130

(26)

What Are Proteins?

131

(2)

How Do Proteins Differ from Carbohydrates and Lipids?

131

(1)

The Building Blocks of Proteins Are Amino Acids

131

(2)

How Are Proteins Made?

133

(2)

Genes Tell Amino Acids How to Group into Proteins

133

(1)

Protein Shape Determines Function

133

(1)

Protein Synthesis Can Be Limited by Missing Amino Acids

134

(1)

Protein Synthesis Can Be Enhanced by Mutual Supplementation

134

(1)

Why Do We Need to Eat Proteins?

135

(3)

Proteins Contribute to Cell Growth, Repair, and Maintenance

135

(1)

Proteins Act as Enzymes and Hormones

136

(1)

Proteins Help Maintain Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

136

(1)

Proteins Help Maintain Acid-Base Balance

137

(1)

Proteins Help Maintain a Strong Immune System

137

(1)

Proteins Serve as an Energy Source

137

(1)

What Happens to the Proteins We Eat?

138

(1)

Stomach Acids and Pepsin Begin to Break Down Proteins

138

(1)

Enzymes in the Small Intestine Finish Breaking Proteins into Single Amino Acids

138

(1)

Digestibility Affects Protein Quality

139

(1)

How Much Protein Should We Eat?

139

(7)

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Protein

139

(1)

Nutrition Myth or Fact?: Athletes Need More Protein Than Inactive People

140

(1)

Too Much Dietary Protein Can Be Harmful

141

(1)

Highlight: High-Protein Diets: Are They the Key to Weight Loss?

142

(1)

Shopper's Guide: Good Food Sources of Protein

143

(1)

Highlight: What's So Great About Soy?

144

(2)

Game Plan: Tips for Adding Legumes to Your Daily Diet

146

(1)

Healthwatch: Can a Vegetarian Diet Provide Adequate Protein?

146

(10)

There Are Many Types of Vegetarian Diets

146

(1)

What About You?: How Much Protein Do You Eat?

147

(1)

Why Do People Become Vegetarians?

147

(2)

Highlight: Mad Cow Disease---What's the Beef?

149

(1)

What Are the Challenges of a Vegetarian Diet?

150

(1)

A Special Food Pyramid Can Help Vegetarians Consume Adequate Nutrients

151

(5)

Vitamins: Micronutrients with Macro Powers

156

(36)

What Are Vitamins?

157

(2)

Fat-Soluble Vitamins Are Stored in the Body

157

(1)

Water-Soluble Vitamins Should Be Consumed Daily or Weekly

158

(1)

Tissue Guardians: Vitamins A, D, and K

159

(13)

Vitamin A Protects Our Sight

159

(2)

Vitamin D Guards Our Bones

161

(3)

Vitamin K Protects Against Blood Loss

164

(1)

What About You?: Do You Get Enough Vitamin D?

165

(1)

The Mighty Antioxidants: Vitamins E and C

166

(1)

What Are Antioxidants, and How Do Our Bodies Use Them?

166

(1)

Highlight: Herbal Supplements: Use with Caution

167

(2)

Vitamin E Maintains Healthy Cells

169

(1)

Vitamin C Defends Against Airborne Pollutants

170

(2)

Nutrition Myth or Fact?: Vitamin C Can Prevent the Common Cold

172

(1)

The Energy Generators: B-Complex Vitamins

172

(9)

How Do Our Bodies Use B-Vitamins to Produce Energy?

172

(1)

Thiamin (Vitamin B1) Helps Metabolize Glucose

173

(1)

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) Helps Break Down Carbohydrates and Fats

174

(1)

Niacin Helps Produce Energy and Build and Repair DNA

174

(1)

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Helps Manufacture Nonessential Amino Acids

175

(1)

Folate Is Critical During the Earliest Weeks of Pregnancy

176

(1)

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Maintains Healthy Nerves and Blood

176

(1)

Pantothenic Acid Assists in Building and Breaking Down Fatty Acids

177

(1)

Biotin Helps Metabolize All Macronutrients

177

(1)

Choline Is a Vitamin-like Substance Found in Many Foods

177

(1)

Highlight: Multivitamin Supplements: Necessity or Waste?

178

(3)

Healthwatch: Do Antioxidants Protect Against Cancer?

181

(11)

Genetic, Lifestyle, and Environmental Factors Can Increase Our Risk for Cancer

181

(2)

Game Plan: Simple Steps to Reduce Your Risk of Cancer

183

(1)

Antioxidants Play a Role in Preventing Cancer and Other Diseases

184

(1)

Phytochemicals Appear to Reduce Our Risk of Cancer and Other Diseases

184

(2)

Game Plan: Tips for Increasing Your Phytochemical Intake

186

(6)

Minerals: Building and Moving Our Bodies

192

(34)

What Are Minerals?

193

(1)

Major Minerals Are Required in Amounts Greater Than 100 mg per Day

193

(1)

Trace Minerals Are Required in Amounts Less Than 100 mg per Day

193

(1)

Essential Electrolytes: Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, and Phosphorus

194

(7)

Sodium is Part of Table Salt

197

(1)

Game Plan: Tips for Sparing the Salt

198

(2)

Potassium Helps Maintain Healthful Blood Pressure

200

(1)

Chloride Assists Fluid Balance, Digestion, and Nerve Function

200

(1)

Phosphorus Assists Fluid Balance

201

(1)

Mineral Power Plants: Chromium, Manganese, Sulfur, Iodine, and Selenium

201

(4)

Nutrition Myth or Fact?: Chromium Supplements Enhance Body Composition

202

(1)

Chromium Plays an Important Role in Carbohydrate Metabolism

202

(1)

Manganese Assists in Energy Metabolism, Oxidation, and Many Other Processes

202

(1)

Sulfur Is a Component of Thiamin and Biotin and Helps Stabilize Proteins

203

(1)

Iodine Helps Make Thyroid Hormone

203

(1)

Selenium Spares Vitamin E and Helps Make Thyroid Hormone

204

(1)

The Blood Fortifiers: Iron, Zinc, and Copper

205

(7)

Iron Is a Key Component of the Blood Protein Hemoglobin

205

(3)

Zinc Assists the Work of a Multitude of Different Enzymes

208

(2)

Nutrition Myth or Fact?: Zinc Lozenges Help Fight the Common Cold

210

(1)

Copper Helps Produce Energy and Build Tissues

211

(1)

The Bone Builders: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, and Fluoride

212

(7)

Bones Are Made of Minerals and Proteins

212

(1)

How Do Bones Stay Healthy?

213

(1)

Calcium Is a Key Component of Our Bones

214

(3)

Phosphorus Is Part of the Mineral Complex of Bone

217

(1)

Magnesium Is Found in Bones and Soft Tissues

217

(1)

Fluoride Promotes the Development and Maintenance of Our Teeth and Bones

218

(1)

Healthwatch: Are You at Risk for Osteoporosis?

219

(7)

Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

220

(1)

What About You?: Calculate Your Risk for Osteoporosis

221

(5)

Fluid Balance, Water, and Alcohol

226

(24)

What Are Fluids, and What Are Their Functions?

227

(3)

Body Fluid Is the Liquid Portion of Cells and Tissues

228

(1)

Fluids Serve Many Critical Functions

229

(1)

How Do Our Bodies Maintain Fluid Balance?

230

(3)

The Thirst Mechanism Prompts Us to Drink Fluids

230

(1)

We Gain Fluids by Consuming Beverages and Foods and Through Metabolism

231

(1)

We Lose Fluids Through Urine and Feces, Sweat, Evaporation, and Exhalation

231

(2)

How Much Fluid Should We Drink---And What Kinds?

233

(4)

Mineral, Fizzy, or Tap: Water Is a Healthful Choice

233

(1)

All Beverages Are Not Created Equal

234

(1)

Nutrition Myth or Fact?: Bottled Water Is Safer Than Tap Water

235

(1)

Highlight: Sports Beverages: Help or Hype?

236

(1)

Healthwatch: Can Too Little or Too Much Fluid Intake Be Deadly?

237

(2)

Dehydration Is Common with Exercise in Hot Weather

237

(1)

Heat Stroke

238

(1)

Water Intoxication

238

(1)

How Much Alcohol Is Safe to Drink?

239

(6)

Alcohol Consumption Is Described as Drinks per Day

239

(1)

Fewer Than Half of Americans Surveyed Regularly Consume Alcohol

240

(1)

Alcohol Absorption Rates Vary

240

(1)

What About You?: Should You Be Concerned About How Much Alcohol You Drink?

241

(1)

Moderate Consumption of Alcohol Has Health Benefits

242

(1)

Moderate Alcohol Consumption Also Entails Health Risks

243

(1)

Alcohol Abuse Impairs Our Ability to Function

243

(1)

Alcohol Abuse Also Greatly Increases the Risk of Accidental Death

244

(1)

Game Plan: Strategies for Helping Someone with an Alcohol Problem Get Treatment

245

(1)

Healthwatch: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Is Caused by Maternal Consumption of Alcohol

245

(5)

Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight

250

(43)

What Is a Healthful Body Weight?

251

(1)

Is Your Body Weight Healthful?

252

(4)

Determine Your Body Mass Index

252

(1)

Estimate Your Body Composition

252

(2)

Assess Your Fat Distribution Pattern

254

(2)

What Makes Us Gain and Lose Weight?

256

(10)

We Gain or Lose Weight When Our Energy Intake and Expenditure Are Out of Balance

256

(4)

Genetic Factors Affect Our Tendency to Gain or Lose Weight

260

(2)

Childhood Weight Influences Adult Weight

262

(1)

Behavioral Factors Affect Food Choices and Body Weight

262

(1)

Social Factors Influence Eating Behavior and Physical Activity

263

(1)

Game Plan: Tactics for Eating Smart When Eating Out

264

(2)

How Many Kilocalories Do You Need?

266

(1)

How Can You Achieve and Maintain a Healthful Body Weight?

267

(6)

Healthful Weight Change Involves Moderation and Consistency

267

(1)

Highlight: The Anatomy of Fad Diets

268

(1)

Game Plan: Steps Toward Sustained Weight Loss

269

(2)

Safe and Effective Weight Gain

271

(2)

Healthwatch: How Can You Avoid Obesity?

273

(5)

What Causes Obesity?

274

(2)

How Is Obesity Treated?

276

(2)

Healthwatch: Disordered Eating: Are You at Risk?

278

(15)

Eating Behaviors Occur on a Continuum

278

(1)

Many Factors Contribute to Disordered Eating Behaviors

278

(1)

What About You?: Are You at Risk for an Eating Disorder?

279

(2)

Anorexia Nervosa Is a Potentially Deadly Eating Disorder

281

(1)

Bulimia Nervosa Is Characterized by Binging and Purging

282

(1)

Game Plan: Discussing an Eating Disorder with a Friend or Family Member: What Do You Say?

283

(1)

Binge-Eating Disorder Can Cause Significant Weight Gain

284

(1)

The Female Athlete Triad Consists of Three Disorders

284

(2)

Treatment for Disordered Eating Requires a Multidisciplinary Approach

286

(1)

Highlight: Eating Disorders in Men: Are They Different?

286

(7)

Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health

293

(32)

Why Engage in Physical Activity?

294

(2)

Physical Activity Increases Our Fitness

294

(1)

Physical Activity Reduces Our Risk for Chronic Disease

295

(1)

Most Americans Are Inactive

296

(1)

What Is a Sound Fitness Program?

296

(7)

A Sound Fitness Program Meets Your Personal Goals

297

(1)

A Sound Fitness Program Is Fun

297

(1)

A Sound Fitness Program Includes Variety and Consistency

297

(2)

A Sound Fitness Program Appropriately Overloads the Body

299

(2)

What About You?: What's Your Maximal Heart Rate and Training Range?

301

(1)

A Sound Fitness Plan Includes Warm-Up and Cool-Down Periods

301

(1)

Game Plan: Tips for Increasing Your Physical Activity

302

(1)

What Fuels Our Activities?

303

(4)

Adenosine Triphosphate and Creatine Phosphate Stored in Our Muscles Fuel Brief Activities

303

(1)

The Breakdown of Carbohydrates Provides Energy for Long-Term Activity

304

(1)

Aerobic Breakdown of Fats Supports Exercise of Low Intensity and Long Duration

305

(1)

Nutrition Myth or Fact?: Lactic Acid Causes Muscle Fatigue and Soreness

306

(1)

Amino Acids Are Not Major Sources of Fuel During Exercise

306

(1)

What Kind of Diet Supports Physical Activity?

307

(9)

Vigorous Exercise Increases Energy Needs

307

(1)

Carbohydrate Needs Increase for Many Active People

307

(4)

Moderate Fat Consumption Is Enough to Support Most Activities

311

(1)

Active People Need More Protein, but Many Already Eat Enough

312

(1)

Regular Exercise Increases Our Need for Fluids

313

(2)

Inadequate Intakes of Some Vitamins and Minerals Can Diminish Health and Performance

315

(1)

Healthwatch: Are Ergogenic Aids Necessary for Athletes?

316

(9)

Highlight: Nine Deceptive Practices Used to Market Ergogenic Aids

317

(1)

Anabolic Products Are Promoted as Muscle and Strength Enhancers

317

(2)

Some Products Are Said to Optimize Fuel Use During Exercise

319

(6)

Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle

325

(53)

Starting Out Right: Healthful Nutrition in Pregnancy

326

(14)

Why Is Nutrition Important Before Conception?

326

(1)

Why Is Nutrition Important During Pregnancy?

327

(3)

How Much Weight Should a Pregnant Woman Gain?

330

(1)

What Are a Pregnant Woman's Nutrient Needs?

331

(4)

Nutrition-Related Concerns for Pregnant Women

335

(1)

Highlight: The Danger of Nonfood Cravings

336

(4)

Nutrition in Infancy

340

(8)

What Are the Benefits of Breastfeeding?

340

(3)

What Are a Breastfeeding Woman's Nutrient Needs?

343

(1)

What Is the Nutritional Quality of Infant Formula?

343

(1)

What Are an Infant's Nutrient Needs?

344

(1)

When Do Infants Begin to Need Solid Foods?

345

(1)

What Not to Feed an Infant

346

(1)

Nutrition-Related Concerns for Infants

347

(1)

Nutrition for Toddlers

348

(3)

What Are a Toddler's Nutrient Needs?

348

(1)

Encouraging Nutritious Food Choices with Toddlers

349

(1)

Nutrition-Related Concerns for Toddlers

350

(1)

Nutrition Throughout Childhood

351

(7)

What Are a Child's Nutrient Needs?

351

(1)

Nutrition Myth or Fact?: Vegan Diets Are Inappropriate for Young Children

352

(1)

Encouraging Nutritious Food Choices with Children

353

(2)

What Is the Effect of School Attendance on Nutrition?

355

(1)

Nutrition-Related Concerns for Children

355

(3)

Nutrition for Adolescents

358

(4)

Adolescent Growth and Activity Patterns

358

(1)

What Are an Adolescent's Nutrient Needs?

359

(1)

Encouraging Nutritious Food Choices with Adolescents

360

(1)

Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adolescents

360

(2)

Nutrition for Young and Middle Adults

362

(1)

What Are an Adult's Nutrient Needs?

362

(1)

Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adults

362

(1)

Nutrition for Older Adults

362

(16)

Physiologic Changes That Accompany Aging

363

(1)

Age-Related Changes in Body Composition

364

(1)

Age-Related Changes in Organ Function

364

(1)

Factors That Accelerate the Aging Process

364

(1)

What Are an Older Adult's Nutrient Needs?

365

(2)

Fluid Recommendations for Older Adults

367

(1)

Nutrition-Related Concerns for Older Adults

368

(1)

What Social Programs Provide Food to Older Adults in Need?

369

(2)

Highlight: Can We Live Longer by Eating a Low-Energy Diet?

371

(7)

Nutrition Issues: The Safety and Security of the World's Food Supply

378

What Causes Food-Borne Illness?

379

(6)

Several Types of Microbes Contaminate Foods

379

(4)

Some Bacteria and Fungi Release Toxins

383

(1)

Toxins Occur Naturally in Potatoes Exposed to Light

383

(1)

Our Bodies Respond to Food-Borne Microbes and Toxins with Acute Illness

384

(1)

Certain Environmental Conditions Help Microbes Multiply in Foods

384

(1)

How Can You Prevent Food-Borne Illness?

385

(8)

Shop Defensively

386

(1)

Wash Hands and Surfaces Often

386

(1)

Isolate Raw Foods

387

(1)

Store Foods in the Refrigerator or Freezer

387

(3)

Cook Foods Thoroughly

390

(1)

Game Plan: Food Safety Tips for Your Next Barbecue

391

(1)

When Eating Out

392

(1)

When Traveling to Other Countries

393

(1)

How Is Food Spoilage Prevented?

393

(5)

Natural Methods of Preserving Foods Have Been Used for Thousands of Years

394

(1)

Many Food Producers Use Heat to Preserve Foods

395

(1)

New Techniques Expand Food Choices but Raise Concerns about Safety

395

(2)

Highlight: Genetically Modified Organisms: A Blessing or a Curse?

397

(1)

What Are Food Additives, and Are They Safe?

398

(2)

Food Additives Include Flavorings, Colorings, Nutrients, and Other Agents

398

(1)

Are Food Additives Safe?

399

(1)

Do Residues Harm Our Food Supply?

400

(2)

Persistent Organic Pollutants Can Pass into the Food Chain

400

(1)

Pesticides Protect Against Crop Losses

400

(2)

Growth Hormones Are Injected into Cows that Produce Meat and Milk

402

(1)

Are Organic Foods More Healthful?

402

(1)

To Be Labeled Organic, Foods Must Meet Federal Standards

402

(1)

The USDA Regulates Organic Farming

403

(1)

Studies Comparing Organic and Conventionally Grown Foods Are Limited

403

(1)

Malnutrition Is a Concern Shared Throughout the World

403

(4)

Food Security Is Elusive in the United States and Throughout the World

404

(1)

The Three Types of Malnutrition Are Undernutrition, Nutrient Deficiency, and Overnutrition

404

(1)

Several Factors Contribute to Malnutrition

405

(1)

Malnutrition and Infection Create a Vicious Cycle

405

(1)

What Can Be Done to Relieve Malnutrition?

406

(1)

Overweight and Its Associated Diseases Are Widespread Throughout the World

406

(1)

Highlight: Initiatives for Sustainable Food Production and Equitable Distribution

407

(1)

Healthwatch: What Diseases Commonly Result from Malnutrition?

407

Marasmus Results from Too Low an Intake of Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein

407

(1)

What About You?: Do Your Actions Contribute to Global Food Security?

408

(2)

Kwashiorkor Results from Inadequate Consumption of Protein

410

(1)

Vitamin A Deficiency Causes Night Blindness

410

(1)

Iron Deficiency Is the Most Common Nutrient Deficiency in the World

411

(1)

Iodine Deficiency Causes Preventable Brain Damage in Children

411

Appendices

Appendix A: Nutrient Values of Foods

(1)

Appendix B: Calculations and Conversions

(1)

Appendix C: Nutrition and Physical Activity Recommendations for Canadians

(1)

Appendix D: Traditional Organization of Nutrients

(1)

Appendix E: Foods Containing Caffeine

(1)

Appendix F: U.S. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning

(1)

Appendix G: Stature-for-Age Charts

(1)

Appendix H: Organizations and Resources

(1)

Appendix I: Previous USDA Food Guide Pyramid

(1)

Answers to Review Questions

(1)

Glossary

(1)

Index

(1)

Credits

Nutrition for Life

9780805379686

0805379681

Summary

Table of Contents

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