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Neuroanatomy: Text and Atlas

by: Martin, John H.

Neuroanatomy: Text and Atlas

by: Martin, John H.

ISBN 13:
9780838566947
ISBN 10:
0838566944
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 03/01/1996
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
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Summary

This book approaches Neuroanatomy from both functional and regional perspectives considering those parts of the nervous system that work together to produce behavior.

Box Features

Preface

xvii

Acknowledgments

xix

Guide to Using This Book

xxi

I The Central Nervous System

Introduction to the Central Nervous System

(32)

Neurons and Glia Are the Two Principal Cellular Constituents of the Nervous System

(4)

The Nervous System Consists of Separate Peripheral and Central Components

(1)

The Spinal Cord Displays the Simplest Organization of All Seven Major Divisions

(1)

The Brain Stem and Cerebellum Regulate Body Functions and Movements

(4)

The Diencephalon Consists of the Thalamus and Hypothalamus

(1)

The Cerebral Hemispheres Have the Most Complex Three-dimensional Configuration of All Central Nervous System Divisions

(6)

Cavities Within the Central Nervous System Contain Cerebrospinal Fluid

(2)

The Central Nervous System Is Covered by Three Meningeal Layers

(2)

An Introduction to Neuroanatomical Terms

(2)

Techniques for Studying the Regional Anatomy and Interconnections of the Central Nervous System

(7)

Summary

Cellular Organization of the Nervous System

(1)

Regional Anatomy of the Nervous System

(1)

Ventricular System

(1)

Meninges

(1)

Axes and Planes of Section

(1)

Techniques for Visualizing Components of the Central Nervous System

(2)

Development of the Central Nervous System

(28)

The Neurons and Glial Cells Derive from Cells of the Neural Plate

(3)

The Neural Tube Forms Five Brain Vesicles and the Spinal Cord

(2)

The Spinal Cord and Hindbrain Have a Segmented Structure

(3)

The Spinal Cord and Brain Stem Develop From the Caudal and Intermediate Portions of the Neural Tube

(7)

The Cerebellum Develops From the Rhombic Lips

(2)

The Rostral Portion of the Neural Tube Gives Rise to the Diencephalon and Cerebral Hemispheres

(7)

Summary

Early Development of the Central Nervous System

(1)

Development of Major Central Nervous System Divisions

(1)

Spinal Cord and Brain Stem Development

(1)

Development of the Diencephalon and Cerebral Hemispheres

(3)

Internal Organization of the Central Nervous System

(32)

Longitudinally Oriented Systems Have a Component at Each Level of the Neuraxis

(3)

The Spinal Cord Has a Central Cellular Region Surrounded by a Region That Contains Myelinated Axons

(4)

Surface Features of the Brain Stem Mark Key Internal Structures

(5)

The Thalamus Transmits Information From Subcortical Structures to the Cerebral Cortex

(4)

The Internal Capsule Contains Ascending and Descending Axons

(4)

Cerebral Cortex Neurons Are Organized Into Layers

(2)

The Cytoarchitectonic Map of the Cerebral Cortex Is the Basis for a Map of Cortical Function

(1)

Neurons in the Brain Stem and Basal Forebrain Have Diffuse Projections and Regulate Central Nervous System Neuronal Excitability

(4)

Summary

Spinal Cord Organization

(1)

Brain Stem Organization

(1)

Organization of Diencephalon and Cerebral Hemispheres

(1)

Diffuse-projecting Neurotransmitter-specific Systems

(4)

Vasculature of the Central Nervous System and the Cerebrospinal Fluid

(32)

The Vertebral and Carotid Arteries Supply Blood to the Central Nervous System

(2)

The Spinal and Radicular Arteries Supply Blood to the Spinal Cord

(1)

The Vertebral and Basilar Arteries Supply Blood to the Brain Stem

(1)

The Anterior and Posterior Circulations Supply the Diencephalon and Cerebral Hemispheres

(14)

Cerebral Veins Drain Into the Dural Sinuses

111

(1)

The Blood-Brain Barrier Isolates the Chemical Environment of the Central Nervous System From That of the Rest of the Body

111

(2)

Cerebrospinal Fluid Serves Many Diverse Functions

113

(7)

Summary

Arterial Supply of the Spinal Cord and Brain Stem

120

(1)

Arterial Supply of the Diencephalon and Cerebral Hemispheres

120

(1)

Collateral Circulation

120

(1)

Venous Drainage

120

(1)

Blood-Brain Barrier

120

(1)

Production and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid

121

(4)

II Sensory Systems

The Somatic Sensory System

125

(36)

Functional Anatomy of the Somatic Sensory Pathways

125

(1)

The Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal System and the Anterolateral System Mediate Different Somatic Sensations

125

(7)

Regional Anatomy

132

(1)

The Terminal Processes of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Are the Somatic Sensory Receptors

132

(3)

Dorsal Root Axons With Different Diameters Terminate in Different Central Nervous System Locations

135

(3)

The Dorsal Columns Have Two Separate Components That Mediate Touch From the Upper and Lower Extremities

138

(2)

Ascending Axons of the Anterolateral System Originate in the Spinal Gray Matter

140

(1)

Three Key Sensory Deficits That Follow Spinal Cord Injury Permit Localization of Trauma

141

(3)

Somatic Sensory Decussation in the Medulla is Located Rostral to the Pyramidal Decussation

144

(2)

Vascular Lesions of the Caudal Brain Stem Differentially Affect Somatic Sensory Function

146

(1)

The Reticular Formation of the Medulla and Pons Receives a Projection From the Anterolateral System

147

(1)

Descending Pain Suppression Pathways Originate From the Brain Stem

148

(1)

Separate Nuclei in the Medial and Lateral Thalamus Process Somatic Sensory Information

149

(2)

The Primary Somatic Sensory Cortex Is Located in the Postcentral Gyrus

151

(4)

Higher-order Somatic Sensory Cortical Areas Are Located in the Parietal Lobe, Parietal Operculum, and Insular Cortex

155

(1)

Summary

Somatic Sensory Pathways

156

(1)

Receptor Neurons

156

(1)

Spinal Cord

156

(1)

Brain Stem

157

(1)

Thalamus

157

(1)

Somatic Sensory Cortical Regions

157

(4)

The Visual System

161

(38)

The Functional Anatomy of the Visual System

161

(1)

Anatomically Separate Visual Paths Mediate Perception and Ocular Reflex Function

161

(3)

Regional Anatomy

164

(1)

The Optical Properties of the Eye Transform Visual Stimuli

164

(1)

The Retina Contains Five Major Layers

164

(6)

Each Optic Nerve Contains All of the Axons of Ganglion Cells in the Ipsilateral Retina

170

(1)

The Superior Colliculus Is Important in Oculomotor Control and Orientation

171

(2)

Ganglion Cell Axons From the Ipsilateral and Contralateral Halves of the Retina Terminate in Different Layers of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

173

(3)

The Primary Visual Cortex Is the Target of Projections From the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

176

(1)

The Magnocellular and Parvocellular Systems Have Differential Laminar Projections in the Primary Visual Cortex

176

(4)

The Primary Cortex Has a Columnar Organization

180

(5)

Higher-order Visual Cortical Areas Analyze Distinct Aspects of Visual Stimuli

185

(5)

The Visual Field Changes in Characteristic Ways After Damage to the Visual System

190

(5)

Summary

Retina

195

(1)

Visual Field and Optic Nerves

196

(1)

Midbrain

196

(1)

Thalamus

196

(1)

Visual Cortical Areas

196

(1)

Visual Field Defects

197

(2)

The Auditory and Vestibular Systems

199

(24)

Functional Anatomy of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems

199

(1)

Parallel Ascending Auditory Pathways May Be Involved in Different Aspects of Hearing

199

(4)

The Vestibular Nuclei Receive Monosynaptic Input From the Vestibular Division of the Eighth Cranial Nerve

203

(1)

Regional Anatomy

204

(1)

The Auditory and Vestibular Sensory Organs Are Located Within the Membranous Labyrinth

204

(4)

The Vestibular Nuclei Have Functionally Diverse Projections

208

(2)

The Topography of Connections Between Brain Stem Auditory Nuclei Provides Insight Into the Functions of Parallel Ascending Auditory Pathways

210

(2)

Stimulation of the Olivocochlear Bundle Suppresses Auditory Responses in the Cochlear Nerve

212

(1)

Auditory Brain Stem Axons Ascend in the Lateral Lemniscus

213

(2)

The Inferior Colliculus Is Located in the Midbrain Tectum

215

(1)

The Medial Geniculate Nucleus Contains a Division That Is Tonotopically Organized

216

(2)

The Auditory Cortical Areas Are Located on the Superior Surface of the Temporal Lobe

218

(2)

Summary

Auditory System

220

(1)

Peripheral Auditory Apparatus

220

(1)

Medulla and Pons

220

(1)

Midbrain and Thalamus

220

(1)

Cerebral Cortex

220

(1)

Vestibular System

221

(1)

Peripheral Vestibular Sensory Organs

221

(1)

Vestibular Nuclei and Ascending Vestibular Projection

221

(2)

The Gustatory, Visceral Afferent, and Olfactory Systems

223

(26)

The Gustatory and Visceral Afferent Systems

224

(1)

There Are Separate Gustatory and Visceral Afferent Ascending Pathways

224

(1)

Regional Anatomy

225

(1)

Branches of the Facial, Glossopharyngeal, and Vagus Nerves Innervate Different Parts of the Oral Cavity

225

(5)

The Solitary Nucleus Is the First Central Nervous System Relay For Taste and Visceral Afferent Information

230

(2)

The Parvocellular Portion of the Ventral Posterior Medial Nucleus Relays Gustatory Information to the Frontal Operculum and Anterior Insular Cortex

232

(2)

The Olfactory System

234

(1)

The Olfactory Projection to the Cerebral Cortex Does Not Relay in the Thalamus

234

(1)

Regional Anatomy

235

(1)

The Primary Olfactory Neurons Are Located in the Nasal Mucosa

235

(1)

The Olfactory Bulb Is the First Central Nervous System Relay For Olfactory Input

236

(2)

The Olfactory Bulb Projects to Structures on the Ventral Brain Surface Through the Olfactory Tract

238

(2)

The Primary Olfactory Cortex Receives a Direct Input From the Olfactory Bulb

240

(4)

Summary

Gustatory System

244

(1)

Sensory Receptors and Peripheral Nerves

244

(1)

Brain Stem, Thalamus, and Cerebral Cortex

244

(1)

Olfactory System

244

(1)

Receptors and Olfactory Nerve

244

(1)

Telencephalon

244

(5)

III Motor Systems

Descending Projection Systems and the Motor Function of the Spinal Cord

249

(42)

Functional Anatomy of the Motor Systems and the Descending Pathways

249

(1)

Diverse Central Nervous System Structures Comprise the Motor Systems

249

(4)

There Are Three Functional Classes of Descending Pathways

253

(2)

Descending Pathways Synapse on Segmental Interneurons and Propriospinal Neurons in Addition to Motor Neurons

255

(1)

The Descending Pathways Have a Parallel and Hierarchical Organization

255

(1)

The Functional Organization of the Descending Pathways Parallels the Somatotopic Organization of the Motor Nuclei in the Ventral Horn

256

(8)

Regional Anatomy

261

(3)

Motor Regions of the Cerebral Cortex Are Located in the Frontal Lobe

264

(7)

The Projection From Cortical Motor Regions Passes Through the Internal Capsule En Route to the Brain Stem and Spinal Cord

271

(1)

The Corticospinal Tract Courses in the Base of the Midbrain

272

(2)

Descending Cortical Fibers Separate Into Small Fascicles in the Ventral Pons

274

(1)

The Vestibular Nuclei Are Located in the Dorsal Pons and Medulla

275

(1)

The Lateral Corticospinal Tract Decussates in the Caudal Medulla

276

(3)

The Intermediate Zone and Ventral Horn of the Spinal Cord Receive Input From the Descending Pathways

279

(5)

Lesions of the Descending Cortical Pathway in the Brain and Spinal Cord Produce Flaccid Paralysis Followed by Spasticity

284

(2)

Summary

Descending Pathways

286

(1)

Lateral Descending Systems

286

(1)

Medial Descending Systems

287

(4)

The Cerebellum

291

(32)

Gross Anatomy of the Cerebellum

291

(1)

The Convoluted Surface of the Cerebellar Cortex Is Organized Into Three Lobes

291

(4)

Functional Anatomy of the Cerebellum

295

(1)

All Three Functional Divisions of the Cerebellum Display a Similar Input-Output Organization

295

(9)

Regional Anatomy

304

(1)

The Instrinsic Circuitry of the Cerebellar Cortex Is Similar For the Different Functional Divisions

304

(5)

Spinal Cord and Medullary Sections Reveal Nuclei and Paths Transmitting Somatic Sensory Information to the Cerebellum

309

(2)

The Vestibulocerebellum Receives Input From Primary and Secondary Vestibular Neurons

311

(2)

The Pontine Nuclei Provide the Major Input to the Cerebrocerebellum

313

(1)

The Deep Cerebellar Nuclei Are Located Within the White Matter

314

(1)

The Superior Cerebellar Peduncle Decussates in the Caudal Midbrain

315

(1)

The Ventral Lateral Nucleus Relays Cerebellar Output to the Premotor and Primary Motor Cortices

316

(1)

Damage to the Cerebellum Produces Neurological Signs on the Same Side as the Lesion

317

(2)

Summary

Cerebellar Gross Anatomy

319

(1)

Cerebellar Cortex

319

(1)

Cerebellar Afferents

319

(1)

Cerebellar Functional Divisions

320

(3)

The Basal Ganglia

323

(30)

Functional Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia

324

(1)

Separate Components of Basal Ganglia Process Incoming Information and Mediate the Output

324

(2)

Parallel Circuits Course Through the Basal Ganglia

326

(4)

Knowledge of the Connections and Neurotransmitters of the Basal Ganglia Provides Insight Into Their Function in Health and Disease

330

(4)

Regional Anatomy

334

(1)

The Anterior Limb of the Internal Capsule Separates the Head of the Caudate Nucleus From the Putamen

334

(3)

Cell Bridges Link the Caudate Nucleus and the Putamen

337

(4)

The External Segment of the Globus Pallidus and the Ventral Pallidum Are Separated by the Anterior Commissure

341

(1)

The Internal Segment of the Globus Pallidus Projects to the Thalamus Via the Ansa Lenticularis and the Lenticular Fasciculus

341

(2)

Lesion of the Subthalamic Region Produces a Movement Disorder

343

(1)

The Substantia Nigra Contains Two Anatomical Divisions

344

(3)

The Vascular Supply of the Basal Ganglia Is Provided by the Middle Cerebral Artery

347

(1)

Summary

Basal Ganglia Nuclei

347

(1)

Basal Ganglia Functional Loops

347

(1)

Intrinsic Basal Ganglia Connections

348

(5)

IV The Brain Stem

General Organization of the Cranial Nerve Nuclei and the Trigeminal System

353

(30)

Cranial Nerves and Nuclei

353

(2)

There Are Important Differences Between the Sensory and Motor Innervation of Cranial Structures and That of the Limbs and Trunk

355

(4)

Cranial Nerves Have a Complex Nomenclature

359

(1)

Cranial Nerve Nuclei Are Organized Into Rostrocaudal Columns

359

(1)

Cranial Sensory Columns Are Located Lateral to the Motor Columns

360

(3)

Functional Anatomy of the Trigeminal System

362

(1)

Separate Trigeminal Pathways Mediate Touch and Pain and Temperature Senses

363

(5)

Regional Anatomy

368

(1)

Separate Sensory Roots Innervate Different Parts of the Face and Mucous Membranes of the Head

368

(2)

Cell Bodies of Primary Afferent Fibers Mediating Facial Somatic Sensations Are Located in the Perpheral Ganglia and in the Central Nervous System

370

(1)

The Key Components of the Trigeminal System Are Present at All Levels of the Brain Stem

370

(7)

The Ventral Posterior Nucleus Contains Separate Divisions That Mediate Somatic Sensation of the Face and Body

377

(1)

The Ventral Posterior Medial Nucleus Projects to the Primary Somatic Sensory Cortex

378

(1)

Summary

The Cranial Nerves

379

(1)

Cranial Nerve Nuclei Columns

380

(1)

Trigeminal Sensory System

380

(3)

The Somatic and Visceral Motor Functions of the Cranial Nerves

383

(36)

Functional Anatomy of Cranial Motor Nuclei

383

(1)

The Cranial Motor Nuclei Are Controlled by the Cerebral Cortex and Diencephalon

383

(3)

Neurons in the General Somatic Motor Cell Column Innervate Striated Muscles That Develop From the Occipital Somites

386

(3)

The Special Visceral Motor Cell Column Innervates Skeletal Muscles That Develop From the Branchial Arches

389

(4)

The General Visceral Motor Cell Column Contains Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons

393

(3)

Regional Anatomy

396

(1)

The Spinal Accessory Nucleus Is Located at the Junction of the Spinal Cord and Medulla

396

(1)

A Level Through the Midmedulla Reveals the Locations of Six Cranial Nerve Nuclei

397

(4)

The Glossopharyngeal Nerve Enters and Exits From the Rostral Medulla

401

(1)

The Fibers of the Facial Nerve Have a Complex Trajectory Through the Pons

402

(1)

Eye Movement Deficits After an Abducens Nerve Lesion Differ From Those After a Lesion of the Abducens Nucleus

402

(7)

The Motor Nucleus of the Trigeminal Nerve Is Located Medial to the Main Sensory Nucleus

409

(1)

The Trochlear Nerve Exits the Dorsal Surface of the Pons at the Level of the Isthmus

410

(1)

The Cranial Nerve Cell Columns Have a Dorsoventral Spatial Organization in the Midbrain

411

(2)

The Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus and Components of the General Somatic Motor Column Are Seen on a Midsagittal Section

413

(1)

Summary

General Somatic Motor Nuclei

413

(1)

Special Visceral Motor Nuclei

414

(1)

General Visceral Motor Nuclei

414

(5)

V Integrative Systems

The Hypothalamus and the Regulation of Endocrine and Visceral Functions

419

(28)

Functional Anatomy of the Neuroendocrine Systems

419

(1)

The Hypothalamus Is Divided Into Three Functionally Distinct Mediolateral Zones

419

(3)

Separate Parvocellular and Magnocellular Neurosecretory Systems Regulate Hormone Release From the Anterior and Posterior Lobes of the Pituitary

422

(6)

Functional Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System Control

427

(1)

The Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System Originate From Different Central Nervous System Locations

428

(2)

Descending Projections From the Hypothalamus Regulate Autonomic Function

430

(3)

Regional Anatomy

433

(1)

The Preoptic Region Influences Release of Reproductive Hormones From the Anterior Pituitary

433

(1)

The Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei Comprise the Magnocellular Neurosecretory System

434

(2)

The Parvocellular Neurosecretory Neurons Project to the Median Eminence

436

(2)

The Posterior Hypothalamus Contains the Mammillary Bodies

438

(1)

Descending Autonomic Fibers Course in the Periaqueductal Gray Matter and in the Dorsolateral Tegmentum

439

(4)

Preganglionic Neurons Are Located in the Lateral Intermediate Zone of the Spinal Cord

443

(1)

Summary

General Hypothalamic Anatomy

443

(1)

Neuroendocrine Control

443

(1)

Autonomic Nervous System and Visceromotor Functions

444

(3)

The Limbic System

447

(34)

Functional Anatomy of the Limbic System

448

(1)

Components of the Limbic System Are C-shaped

448

(1)

The Limbic Association Cortex Is Located on the Medial Surface of the Frontal, Parietal, and Temporal Lobes

449

(2)

The Hippocampal Formation Plays a Role in Memory Consolidation

451

(5)

The Amygdaloid Nuclear Complex Contains Three Major Functional Divisions

456

(1)

The Basolateral Nuclei Are Reciprocally Connected With the Cerebral Cortex

457

(3)

There Are Connections Between Components of the Limbic System and the Effector Systems

460

(1)

All Major Neurotransmitter Regulatory Systems Have Projections to the Limbic System

461

(2)

Regional Anatomy

462

(1)

The Nucleus Accumbens and Olfactory Tubercle Comprise Part of the Basal Forebrain

463

(1)

Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Systems Have Diffuse Limbic and Neocortical Projections

464

(1)

The Cingulum Courses Beneath the Cingulate and Parahippocampal Gyri

465

(1)

The Three Nuclear Divisions of the Amygdala Are Revealed in Coronal Section

466

(3)

The Hippocampal Formation Is Located in the Floor of the Inferior Horn of the Lateral Ventricle

469

(3)

A Sagittal Cut Through the Mammillary Bodies Reveals the Fornix and Mammillothalamic Tract

472

(3)

Nuclei in the Brain Stem Link Telencephalic and Diencephalic Limbic Structures With the Autonomic Nervous System and the Spinal Cord

475

(1)

Summary

General Anatomy of the Limbic System

475

(1)

Limbic Association Cortex

475

(1)

Hippocampal Formation

475

(1)

Amygdala

476

(5)

VI Atlas

AI Surface Topography of the Central Nervous System

481

(16)

All Myelin-Stained Sections Through the Central Nervous System

497

(64)

Index

561

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Neuroanatomy: Text and Atlas

Neuroanatomy: Text and Atlas

9780838566947

0838566944

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Neuroanatomy: Text and Atlas

Neuroanatomy: Text and Atlas

9780838566947

0838566944

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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