Neuroanatomy

by: Blumenfeld, Hal

Neuroanatomy

by: Blumenfeld, Hal

ISBN 13:
9780878930609
ISBN 10:
0878930604
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 11/01/2001
Publisher: Sinauer Associates Inc
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Summary

Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases brings a pioneering, interactive approach to the teaching of neuroanatomy. In addition to original, full-color illustrations of normal human neuroanatomy, the book features over 100 actual clinical cases and over 250 high-quality radiological images to bring the subject to life. This approach allows students to appreciate the clinical relevance of structural details as they are being learned, and to integrate knowledge of disparate functional systems, since a single lesion may affect several different neural structures and pathways.An affiliated website (www.neuroexam.com), correlated with the text, features video clips demonstrating the neurologic exam. Over time, additional clinical cases will be added to the site. The video clips of the neurologic exam are also available on a VHS tape (The NeuroExam Video) that can be used in classroom settings.

Preface

xvii

How to Use This Book

xix

Introduction to Clinical Case Presentations

(10)

Introduction

(1)

The General History and Physical Exam

(4)

Chief Compliant (CC)

(1)

History of the Present Illness (HPI)

(1)

Past Medical History (PMH)

(1)

Review of Systems (ROS)

(1)

Family History (FHx)

(1)

Social and Environmental History (SocHx/EnvHx)

(1)

Medications and Allergies

(1)

Physical Exam

(1)

Laboratory Data

(1)

Assessment and Plan

(1)

Neurologic Differential Diagnosis

(1)

Relationship between the General Physical Exam and the Neurologic Exam

(2)

References

(2)

Neuroanatomy Overview and Basic Definitions

(36)

Basic Macroscopic Organization of the Nervous System

(3)

Main Parts of the Nervous System

(2)

Orientation and Planes of Section

(1)

Basic Cellular and Neurochemical Organization of the Nervous System

(4)

CNS Gray Matter and White Matter; PNS Ganglia and Nerves

(1)

Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nervous System

(2)

Cerebral Cortex: Basic Organization and Primary Sensory and Motor Areas

(8)

Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres

(1)

Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres in Detail

(3)

Primary Sensory and Motor Areas

(1)

Cell Layers and Regional Classification of the Cerebral Cortex

(3)

Motor Systems

(2)

Main Motor Pathways

(2)

Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia

(1)

Somatosensory Systems

(3)

Main Somatosensory Pathways

(1)

Thalamus

(2)

Stretch Reflex

(1)

Brainstem and Cranial Nerves

(3)

Limbic System

(1)

Association Cortex

(3)

Blood Supply to the Brain and Spinal Cord

(2)

Conclusions

(1)

References

(3)

The Neurologic Exam as a Lesson in Neuroanatomy

(34)

Overview of the Neurologic Exam

(2)

neuroexam.com

(1)

The Neurologic Exam: Examination Technique and What Is Being Tested

(20)

Mental Status

(6)

Cranial Nerves

(5)

Motor Exam

(1)

Reflexes

(4)

Coordination and Gait

(2)

Sensory Exam

(2)

The Neurologic Exam as a Flexible Tool

(1)

Coma Exam

(5)

General Physical Exam

(1)

Mental Status

(2)

Cranial Nerves

(1)

Sensory Exam and 4. Motor Exam

(1)

Reflexes

(1)

Coordination and Gait

(1)

Brain Death

(1)

Conversion Disorder, Malingering, and Related Disorders

(2)

The Screening Neurologic Exam

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

References

(2)

Introduction to Clinical Neuroradiology

(38)

Introduction

(1)

Imaging Planes

(1)

Computerized Tomography

(3)

CT versus MRI

(1)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

(6)

Neuroangiography

(2)

Functional Neuroimaging

(2)

Conclusions

(1)

Neuroradiological Atlas

(21)

References

119

(2)

Brain and Environs: Cranium, Ventricles, and Meninges

121

(92)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

122

(1)

Cranial Vault and Meninges

122

(6)

Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid

128

(5)

Blood--Brain Barrier

133

(31)

KCC 5.1 Headache

135

(2)

KCC 5.2 Intracranial Mass Lesions

137

(1)

KCC 5.3 Elevated Intracranial Pressure

137

(3)

KCC 5.4 Brain Herniation Syndromes

140

(2)

KCC 5.5 Head Trauma

142

(1)

KCC 5.6 Intracranial Hemorrhage

143

(8)

KCC 5.7 Hydrocephalus

151

(1)

KCC 5.8 Brain Tumors

152

(2)

KCC 5.9 Infectious Disorders of the Nervous System

154

(7)

KCC 5.10 Lumbar Puncture

161

(2)

KCC 5.11 Craniotomy

163

(1)

Clinical Cases

164

(40)

An Elderly Man with Headaches and Unsteady Gait

164

(2)

Altered Mental Status Following Head Injury

166

(8)

Delayed Unresposiveness after Head Injury

174

(2)

Headache and Progressive Left-Sided Weakness

176

(4)

Sudden Coma and Bilateral Posturing during Intravenous Anticoagulation

180

(8)

Severe Head Injury

188

(1)

A Child with Headaches, Nausea, and Diplopia

189

(7)

Headaches and Progressive Visual Loss

196

(3)

An Elderly Man with Progressive Gait Difficulty, Cognitive Impairment, and Incontinence

199

(4)

A Young Man with Headache, Fever, Confusion, and Stiff Neck

203

(1)

Additional Cases

204

(1)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

205

(1)

A Scuba Expedition through the Brain

206

(2)

References

208

(5)

Corticospinal Tract and Other Motor Pathways

213

(50)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

214

(1)

Motor Cortex, Sensory Cortex, and SOmatotopic Organization

214

(2)

Basic Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

216

(3)

Spinal Cord Blood Supply

219

(1)

General Organization of the Motor Systems

220

(2)

Lateral Corticospinal Tract

222

(6)

Autonomic Nervous System

228

(16)

KCC 6.1 Upper Motor Neuron versus Lower Motor Neuron Lesions

231

(1)

KCC 6.2 Terms Used to Describe Weakness

232

(1)

KCC 6.3 Weakness Patterns and Localization

232

(7)

KCC 6.4 Detecting Subtle Hemiparesis at the Bedside

239

(2)

KCC 6.5 Unsteady Gait

241

(1)

KCC 6.6 Multiple Sclerosis

241

(2)

KCC 6.7 Motor Neuron Disease

243

(1)

Clinical Cases

244

(14)

Sudden Onset of Right Hand Weakness

244

(1)

Sudden Onset of Left Foot Weakness

245

(4)

Sudden Onset of Right Face Weakness

249

(2)

Pure Motor Hemiparesis I

251

(2)

Pure Motor Hemiparesis II

253

(3)

Progressive Weakness, Muscle Twitching, and Cramps

256

(2)

Additional Cases

258

(1)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

258

(1)

References

259

(4)

Somatosensory Pathways

263

(40)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

264

(1)

Main Somatosensory Pathways

264

(3)

Posterior Column-Medial Lemniscal Pathway

267

(1)

Spinothalamic Tract and Other Anterolateral Pathways

268

(2)

Somatosensory Cortex

270

(1)

Central Modulation of Pain

270

(1)

The Thalamus

271

(14)

Relay Nuclei

273

(1)

Intralaminar Nuclei

274

(1)

Reticular Nucleus

275

(1)

KCC 7.1 Paresthesias

276

(1)

KCC 7.2 Spinal Cord Lesions

276

(1)

KCC 7.3 Sensory Loss: Patterns and Localization

277

(2)

KCC 7.4 Spinal Cord Syndromes

279

(3)

KCC 7.5 Anatomy of Bowel, Bladder, and Sexual Function

282

(3)

Clinical Cases

285

(12)

Sudden Onset of Right Arm Numbness

285

(1)

Sudden Onset of Right Face, Arm, and Leg Numbness

286

(2)

A Fall Causing Paraplegia and a Sensory Level

288

(3)

Left Leg Weakness and Right Leg Numbness

291

(2)

Sensory Loss over Both Shoulders

293

(2)

Body Tingling and Unsteady Gait

295

(1)

Hand Weakness, Pinprick Sensory Level, and Urinary Retention

296

(1)

Additional Cases

297

(1)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

297

(3)

References

300

(3)

Spinal Nerve Roots

303

(36)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

304

(1)

Segmental Organization of the Nervous System

304

(1)

Nerve Roots in Relation to Vertebral Bones, Discs, and Ligaments

305

(2)

Dermatomes and Myotomes

307

(10)

KCC 8.1 Disorders of Nerve, Muscle, and Neuromuscular Junction

311

(3)

KCC 8.2 Back Pain

314

(1)

KCC 8.3 Radiculopathy

315

(2)

Simplification: Three Nerve Roots to Remember in the Arm

317

(1)

Simplification: Three Nerve Roots to Remember in the Leg

317

(2)

KCC 8.4 Cauda Equina Syndrome

318

(1)

KCC 8.5 Common Surgical Approaches to the Spine

318

(1)

Clinical Cases

319

(16)

Unilateral Neck Pain and Tingling Numbness in the Thumb and Index Finger

319

(1)

Unilateral Occipital and Neck Pain

320

(1)

Unilateral Shoulder Pain and Weakness

321

(2)

Blisters, Pain, and Weakness in the Left Arm

323

(1)

Unilateral Shoulder Pain and Numbness in the Index and Middle Fingers

324

(1)

Unilateral Neck Pain, Hand Weakness, and Numbness in the Ring and Little Fingers

325

(1)

Pain and Numbness in the Medial Arm

326

(1)

Low Back Pain Radiating to the Sole of the Foot and the Small Toe

327

(1)

Unilateral Thigh Weakness with Pain Radiating to the Anterior Shin

328

(1)

Low Back Pain Radiating to the Big Toe

329

(3)

Saddle Anesthesia with Loss of Sphincteric and Erectile Function

332

(3)

Additional Cases

335

(1)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

335

(1)

References

336

(3)

Major Plexuses and Peripheral Nerves

339

(28)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

340

(1)

Brachial Plexus and Lumbosacral Plexus

340

(2)

Simplification: Five Nerves to Remember in the Arm

342

(2)

Simplification: Three Nerves Acting on the Thumb

344

(1)

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Hand Muscles

344

(1)

Simplification: Five Nerves to Remember in the Leg

345

(6)

KCC 9.1 Common Plexus and Nerve Syndromes

346

(3)

KCC 9.2 Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies

349

(2)

Clinical Cases

351

(12)

Complete Paralysis and Loss of Sensation in One Arm

351

(2)

A Newborn with Weakness in One Arm

353

(1)

A Blow to the Medial Arm Causing Hand Weakness and Numbness

353

(2)

Nocturnal Pain and Tingling in the Thumb, Pointer, and Middle Finger

355

(1)

Hand and Wrist Weakness after a Fall

355

(1)

Numbness and Tingling in the Pinky and Ring Finger

356

(1)

Unilateral Thigh Pain, Weakness, and Numbness in a Diabetic

357

(1)

Tingling and Paralysis of the Foot after a Fall

358

(1)

A Leg Injury Resulting in Foot Drop

359

(2)

Lateral Thigh Pain and Numbness after Pregnancy

361

(1)

Dysarthria, Ptosis, and Decreased Exercise Tolerance

362

(1)

Additional Cases

363

(1)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

363

(1)

References

363

(4)

Cerebral Hemispheres and Vascular Supply

367

(60)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

368

(1)

Review of Main Functional Areas of Cerebral Cortex

368

(1)

Circle of Willis: Anterior and Posterior Circulations

369

(2)

Anatomy and Vascular Territories of the Three Main Cerebral Arteries

371

(15)

Vascular Territories of the Superficial Cerebral Structures

371

(2)

Vascular Territories of the Deep Cerebral Structures

373

(3)

KCC 10.1 Clinical Syndromes of the Three Main Cerebral Arteries

376

(2)

KCC 10.2 Watershed Infarcts

378

(1)

KCC 10.3 Transient Ischemic Attack and Other Transient Neurologic Episodes

379

(1)

KCC 10.4 Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Treatment

380

(4)

KCC 10.5 Carotid Stenosis

384

(1)

KCC 10.6 Dissection of the Carotid or Vertebral Arteries

385

(1)

Venous Drainage of the Cerebral Hemispheres

386

(2)

KCC 10.7 Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis

387

(1)

Clinical Cases

388

(33)

Sudden-Onset Worst Headache of Life

388

(1)

Left Leg Weakness and Left Alien Hand Syndrome

389

(1)

Decreased Vision on One Side

390

(8)

Transient Episodes of Left Eye Blurriness or Right Hand Weakness

398

(1)

Nonfluent Aphasia with Right Face and Arm Weakness

399

(4)

Talking Ragtime

403

(1)

Dysarthria and Hemiparesis

404

(1)

Global Aphasia, Right Hemiplegia, and Hemianopia

405

(3)

Left Face and Arm Weakness

408

(3)

Left Hemineglect

411

(2)

Lleft Hemineglect, Hemiplegia, and Hemianopia

413

(2)

Unilateral Proximal Arm and Leg Weakness

415

(4)

Right Frontal Headache and Left Arm Numbness in a Woman with Gastric Carcinoma

419

(2)

Additional Cases

421

(1)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

421

(3)

References

424

(3)

Visual System

427

(32)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

428

(1)

Eyes and Retina

428

(3)

Optic Nerves, Optic Chiasm, and Optic Tracts

431

(1)

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Extrageniculate Pathways

432

(1)

Optic Radiations to Primary Visual Cortex

433

(2)

Visual Processing in the Neocortex

435

(11)

Parallel Channels for Analyzing Motion, Form, and Color

435

(2)

Ocular Dominance Columns and Orientation Columns

437

(1)

KCC 11.1 Assessment of Visual Disturbances

438

(2)

KCC 11.2 Localization of Visual Field Defects

440

(3)

KCC 11.3 Blood Supply and Ischemia in the Visual Pathways

443

(2)

KCC 11.4 Optic Neuritis

445

(1)

Clinical Cases

446

(7)

A Dark Spot Seen with One Eye

446

(1)

Vision Loss in One Eye

447

(1)

Menstrual Irregularity and Bitemporal Hemianopia

448

(1)

Hemianopia after Treatment for a Temporal Lobe Tumor

449

(2)

Visual Changes Caused by Migraine Headaches?

451

(2)

Additional Cases

453

(1)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

453

(3)

References

456

(3)

Brainstem I: Surface Anatomy and Cranial Nerves

459

(70)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

460

(1)

Surface Features of the Brainstem

461

(3)

Skull Foramina and Cranial Nerve Exit Points

464

(2)

Sensory and Motor Organization of the Cranial Nerves

466

(3)

Functions and Course of the Cranial Nerves

469

(2)

CN I: Olfactory Nerve

471

(1)

KCC 12.1 Anosmia (CN I)

472

(1)

CN II: Optic Nerve

472

(1)

CN III, IV, and VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerves

472

(2)

CN V: Trigeminal Nerve

474

(5)

KCC 12.2 Trigeminal Nerve Disorders (CN V)

478

(1)

CN VII: Facial Nerve

479

(5)

KCC 12.3 Facial Nerve Lesions (CN VII)

482

(2)

KCC 12.4 Corneal Reflex and Jaw Jerk Reflex (CN V, VII)

484

(1)

CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve

484

(11)

Auditory Pathways

485

(4)

Vestibular Pathways

489

(2)

KCC 12.5 Hearing Loss (CN VIII)

491

(1)

KCC 12.6 Dizziness and Vertigo (CN VIII)

492

(3)

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve

495

(1)

CN X: Vagus Nerve

496

(3)

CN XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve

499

(1)

CN XII: Hypoglossal Nerve

499

(3)

KCC 12.7 Disorders of CN IX, X, XI, and XII

500

(1)

KCC 12.8 Hoarseness, Dysarthria, Dysphagia, and Pseudobulbar Affect

500

(2)

Review: Cranial Nerve Combinations

502

(2)

Clinical Cases

504

(18)

Anosmia and Visual Impairment

504

(1)

Cheek Numbness and a Bulging Eye

505

(3)

Jaw Numbness and Episodes of Loss of Consciousness

508

(1)

Isolated Facial Weakness

509

(3)

Hearing Loss and Dizziness

512

(4)

Hoarse Voice Following Cervical Disc Surgery

516

(1)

Hoarseness, with Unilateral Wasting of the Neck and Tongue Muscles

517

(4)

Uncontrollable Laughter, Dysarthria, Dysphagia, and Left-Sided Weakness

521

(1)

Additional Cases

522

(1)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

523

(3)

References

526

(3)

Brainstem II: Eye Movements and Pupillary Control

529

(46)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

530

(1)

Extraocular Muscles, Nerves, and Nuclei

530

(10)

Extraocular Muscles

530

(2)

Extraocular Nerves and Nuclei

532

(3)

KCC 13.1 Diplopia

535

(1)

KCC 13.2 Oculomotor Palsy (CN III)

536

(2)

KCC 13.3 Trochlear Palsy (CN IV)

538

(1)

KCC 13.4 Abducens Palsy (CN VI)

539

(1)

The Pupils and Other Ocular Autonomic Pathways

540

(6)

KCC 13.5 Pupillary Abnormalities

543

(3)

KCC 13.6 Ptosis

546

(1)

Cavernous Sinus and Orbital Apex

546

(2)

KCC 13.7 Cavernous Sinus Syndrome (CN III, IV, VI, V1) and Orbital Apex Syndrome (CN II, III, IV, VI, V1)

547

(1)

Supranuclear Control of Eye Movements

548

(6)

Brainstem Circuits for Horizontal Eye Movements

548

(1)

KCC 13.8 Brainstem Lesions Affecting Horizontal Gaze

549

(2)

KCC 13.9 Parinaud's Syndrome

551

(1)

KCC 13.10 Right-Way Eyes and Wrong-Way Eyes

552

(2)

Clinical Cases

554

(14)

Double Vision and Unilateral Eye Pain

554

(1)

A Diabetic with Horizontal Diplopia

555

(2)

Vertical Diplopia

557

(1)

Left Eye Pain and Horizontal Diplopia

558

(1)

Unilateral Headache, Ophthalmoplegia, and Forehead Numbness

559

(1)

Ptosis, Miosis, and Anhidrosis

560

(2)

Wrong-Way Eyes

562

(1)

Horizontal Diplopia in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis

563

(4)

Headaches and Impaired Upgaze

567

(1)

Additional Cases

568

(1)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

568

(4)

References

572

(3)

Brainstem III: Internal Structures and Vascular Supply

575

(78)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

576

(1)

Main Components of the Brainstem

576

(1)

Brainstem Sections

577

(7)

Cranial Nerve Nuclei and Related Structures

584

(2)

Long Tracts

586

(1)

KCC 14.1 Locked-in Syndrome

587

(1)

Cerebellar Circuitry

587

(1)

Reticular Formation and Related Structures

588

(1)

Widespread Projection Systems of Brainstem and Forebrain: Consciousness, Attention, and Other Functions

589

(9)

Brainstem Reticular Formation and Thalamus

590

(2)

Identified Neurotransmitter Systems

592

(6)

Anatomy of the Sleep-Wake Cycle

598

(7)

KCC 14.2 Coma and Related Disorders

601

(4)

Reticular Formation Motor, Reflex, and Autonomic Systems

605

(2)

Brainstem Vascular Supply

607

(13)

KCC 14.3 Vertebrobasilar Vascular Disease

612

(8)

Clinical Cases

620

(25)

Face and Contralateral Body Numbness, Hoarseness, Horner's Syndrome, and Ataxia

620

(2)

Hemiparesis Sparing the Face

622

(4)

Dysarthria and Hemiparesis

626

(1)

Unilateral Face Numbness, Hearing Loss, and Ataxia

626

(3)

Locked in

629

(3)

Wrong-Way Eyes, Limited Upgaze, Decreased Responsiveness, and Hemiparesis with an Amazing Recovery

632

(7)

Diplopia and Unilateral Ataxia

639

(2)

Intermittent Memory Loss, Diplopia, Sparkling Light and Somnolence

641

(3)

Intractable Hiccups

644

(1)

Additional Cases

645

(4)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

649

(1)

References

650

(3)

Cerebellum

653

(36)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

654

(1)

Cerebellar Lobes, Peduncles, and Deep Nuclei

654

(4)

Microscopic Circuitry of the Cerebellum

658

(2)

Cerebellar Output Pathways

660

(4)

Cerebellar Input Pathways

664

(4)

Vascular Supply to the Cerebellum

668

(8)

KCC 15.1 Cerebellar Artery Infarcts and Cerebellar Hemorrhage

669

(1)

KCC 15.2 Clinical Findings and Localization of Cerebellar Lesions

670

(5)

KCC 15.3 Differential Diagnosis of Ataxia

675

(1)

Clinical Cases

676

(10)

Sudden Onset of Unilateral Ataxia

676

(1)

Walking Like a Drunkard

677

(3)

A Boy with Headaches, Nausea, Slurred Speech, and Ataxia

680

(2)

Nausea, Progressive Unilateral Ataxia, and Right Face Numbness

682

(4)

Additional Cases

686

(1)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

686

(1)

References

687

(2)

Basal Ganglia

689

(48)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

690

(1)

Basic Three-Dimensional Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia

690

(8)

Input, Output, and Intrinsic Connections of the Basal Ganglia

698

(4)

Inputs to the Basal Ganglia

698

(1)

Outputs from the Basal Ganglia

699

(1)

Intrinsic Baal Ganglia Connections

699

(2)

Hyperkinetic and Hypokinetic Movement Disorders

701

(1)

Parallel Basal Ganglia Pathways for Movement, Eye Movement, Cognition, and Emotion

702

(2)

Ansa Lenticularis, Lenticular Fasciculus, and the Fields of Forel

704

(15)

KCC 16.1 Movement Disorders

705

(7)

KCC 16.2 Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders

712

(4)

KCC 16.3 Huntington's Disease

716

(1)

KCC 16.4 Stereotactic Surgery for Movement Disorders and Other Conditions

717

(2)

Clinical Cases

719

(13)

Unilateral Flapping and Flinging

719

(1)

Irregular Jerking Movements and Marital Problems

720

(3)

Asymmetrical Resting Tremor, Rigidity, Bradykinesia, and Gait Difficulties

723

(3)

Bilateral Bradykinesia, Rigidity, and Gait Instability with No Tremor

726

(6)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

732

(1)

Additional Cases

733

(1)

References

733

(4)

Pituitary and Hypothalamus

737

(24)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

738

(1)

Overall Anatomy of the Pituitary and Hypothalamus

738

(2)

Important Hypothalamic Nuclei and Pathways

740

(3)

Major Hypothalamic Nuclei

740

(1)

Hypothalamic Control of the Autonomic Nervous System

741

(1)

Hypothalamic-Limbic Pathways

742

(1)

Other Regionalized Functions of the Hypothalamus

742

(1)

Endocrine Functions of the Pituitary and Hypothalamus

743

(8)

KCC 17.1 Pituitary Adenoma and Related Disorders

746

(3)

KCC 17.2 Diabetes Insipidus and SIADH

749

(1)

KCC 17.3 Panhypopituitarism

750

(1)

Clinical Cases

751

(5)

Moon Facies, Acne, Amenorrhea, and Hypertension

751

(3)

Impotence, Anorexia, Polyuria, Blurred Vision, Headaches, and Hearing Loss

754

(2)

Additional Cases

756

(1)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

757

(2)

References

759

(2)

Limbic System: Homeostasis, Olfaction, Memory, and Emotion

761

(60)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

762

(1)

Overview of Limbic Structures

763

(7)

Olfactory System

770

(1)

Hippocampal Formation and Other Memory-Related Structures

771

(16)

Hippocampal Formation and Parahippocampal Gyrus

772

(4)

Intrinsic Circuitry of the Hippocampal Formation

776

(1)

Input and Output Connections of the Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System

777

(1)

The Fornix and Medial Diencephalic Memory Pathways

778

(2)

KCC 18.1 Memory Disorders

780

(4)

Differential Diagnosis of Memory Loss

784

(3)

The Amygdala: Emotions, Drives, and Other Functions

787

(2)

Other Limbic Pathways

789

(11)

KCC 18.2 Seizures and Epilepsy

790

(8)

KCC 18.3 Anatomical and Neuropharmacological Basis of Psychiatric Disorders

798

(2)

Clinical Cases

800

(16)

Case 18.1 Sudden Memory Loss after a Mild Head Injury

800

(2)

Case 18.2 Progressive Severe Memory Loss, with Mild Confabulation

802

(2)

Case 18.3 Transient Diplopia, Lethargy, and Hemiparesis, Followed by a Sustained Memory Deficit

804

(2)

Case 18.4 Episodes of Panic, Olfactory Hallucinations, and Loss of Awareness

806

(3)

Case 18.5 Episodes of Staring, Lip Smacking, and Unilateral Semipurposeful Movements

809

(7)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

816

(1)

Additional Cases

817

(1)

References

817

(4)

Higher-Order Cerebral Function

821

(90)

Anatomical and Clinical Review

822

(1)

KCC 19.1 The Mental Status Exam

822

(1)

Unimodal and Heteromodal Association Cortex

823

(2)

Principles of Cerebral Localization and Lateralization

825

(2)

The Dominant Hemisphere: Language Processing and Related Functions

827

(12)

KCC 19.2 Differential Diagnosis of Language Disorders

829

(1)

KCC 19.3 Bedside Language Exam

830

(1)

KCC 19.4 Broca's Aphasia

831

(1)

KCC 19.5 Wernicke's Aphasia

832

(1)

KCC 19.6 Simplified Aphasia Classification Scheme

833

(2)

KCC 19.7 Other Syndromes Related to Aphasia

835

(3)

KCC 19.8 Disconnection Syndromes

838

(1)

The Nondominant Hemisphere: Mechanisms of Attention and Spatial Processing

839

(8)

Lateralized Aspects of Attention

839

(1)

Spatial Analysis and Integration

840

(1)

KCC 19.9 Hemineglect Syndrome

841

(5)

KCC 19.10 Other Clinical Features of Nondominant Hemisphere Lesions

846

(1)

The Frontal Lobes: Anatomy and Functions of an Enigmatic Brain Region

847

(7)

Regional Anatomy of the Frontal Lobes

847

(1)

Connections of the Prefrontal Cortex

848

(1)

Functions of the Frontal Lobes

849

(1)

KCC 19.11 Frontal Lobe Disorders

850

(1)

Evaluating Patients with Suspected Frontal Lobe Dysfunction

850

(4)

Differential Diagnosis of Frontal Lobe Disorders

854

(1)

Visual Association Cortex: Higher-Order Visual Processing

854

(5)

KCC 19.12 Disorders of Higher-Order Visual Processing

855

(3)

KCC 19.13 Auditory Hallucinations

858

(1)

Attention, Awareness, and Other General Network Functions of The Brain

859

(43)

General Mechanisms of Attention

859

(3)

Awareness of Self and Environment

862

(2)

KCC 19.14 Attentional Disorders

864

(1)

Testing Sustained Attention

864

(1)

Differential Diagnosis of Disorders of Sustained Attention

865

(16)

Aphasia with Preserved Repetition

881

(1)

Impaired Repetition

882

(1)

Inability to Read, with Preserved Writing Skills

883

(5)

Left Hemineglect

888

(3)

Abulia

891

(3)

Blindness without Awareness of Deficit

894

(4)

Sudden Inability to Recognize Faces

898

(1)

Musical Hallucinations

899

(2)

Progressive Dementia, Beginning with Memory Problems

901

(1)

Additional Cases

902

(2)

Brief Anatomical Study Guide

904

(2)

References

906

(5)

Epilogue: A Simple Working Model of the Mind

911

(4)

Case Index

915

(9)

Subject Index

924

Neuroanatomy

Neuroanatomy

9780878930609

0878930604

Summary

Table of Contents

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Neuroanatomy

Neuroanatomy

9780878930609

0878930604

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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