NASA Lost Missions Operations Manual 1964-1975 (abandoned human spaceflight proposals) * An insight into the cancelled NASA concepts and studies planned to extend its space programme in the post-Apollo era

In the mid-1960s NASA began planning what to do after the goal of President Kennedy had been met and astronauts had landed on the Moon. A comprehensive plan quickly emerged to use left-over Apollo hardware to mount an expanding range of new capabilities – space stations, space bases, Moon-orbiting laboratories and temporary human settlements on the lunar surface.

But NASA wanted more and looked to what it called a “Post-Apollo” era in which new and more exciting possibilities could set in train a series of missions which would have astronauts landing on the surface of Mars by the mid-1980s. The so-called Post-Apollo Program would support development of nuclear rocket engines for powering big rocket stages (Nuclear Shuttles) plying between Earth orbit and Moon orbit and between Earth orbit and Mars, sending human expeditions deep into the solar system.

By the end of the 1960s, as Americans were about to land on the Moon, studies were refined and a plea went out to industry to design 12-man Earth orbiting space stations, 100-man space bases with artificial weightlessness, shuttlecraft plying between the surface of the Earth and low-Earth orbit, Space Tug vehicles kept in space shuttling satellites between low-Earth orbit (where they had been delivered by shuttlecraft) and geostationary orbit where communications and TV satellites reside to do their work. Using elements of this vast space transportation network, the first missions to Mars would occur during the first half of the 1980s, building bases on the surface of the Red Planet to set up the first scientific surveys, with vehicles taking scientists and explorers hundreds of kilometres across the dusty plains.

Back came the detailed design plans for these mighty and ambitious projects, supported by the film industry which visited NASA facilities. Kubrick and Clarke wrote 2001: A Space Odyssey using the plans already on blueprints in countless design offices of the US aerospace industry. There were even detailed maps of which area to send out expeditions across the surface of the Moon and the surface of Mars. By the early 1970s all these dreams were gone and the plans so comprehensively laid out had been relegated to the dusty shelves of history. But some projects lingered on. NASA and the Atomic Energy Commission built and tested prototype nuclear rocket motors which would have powered what was called the Nuclear Shuttle (the rocket stages always kept in space and refuelled from tankers brought up in shuttlecraft).  But, eventually, all these plans were to be abandoned and all that was left was to build the Space Shuttle, eventually putting together a modular space station at the end of the century.

All the plans, documentation, images and graphics pushing this Post-Apollo plan are in the possession of the author, and this book includes all these exciting and ambitious projects supported by colour artwork, detailed engineering drawings and images of hardware on test, including the nuclear rocket motors. It tells the story of what may have been and what was abandoned but what lives on in the memory and in the preserved archives of those involved in its formulation.