9780130195760

For courses in Modern Latin America. This landmark volume of Latin American history weaves the history of an entire region into a coherent story that emphasizes both common themes and regional and national specificity. This unique narrative provides an interpretive history of Modern Latin America with a focus on the central dynamic of Latin American historythe enigma of poor people inhabiting rich lands. The Seventh Edition has been updated and modernized to reflect recent research, interpretations, and developments.

Preface

xv

Acknowledgments

xvii

The Origins of a Multiracial Society

1

(28)

The Land

1

(5)

The Indian

6

(5)

The European

11

(3)

Confrontation and Conquest

14

(8)

The African

22

(4)

Documents:

Aztecs Lament the Fall of Tenochtitlan

26

(1)

Cortes is Awed by Tenochtitlan

26

(2)

Equiano: A Slave En Route to the New World

28

(1)

The Institutions of Empire

29

(32)

Economy

30

(9)

Government

39

(8)

The Church

47

(4)

Society and Culture

51

(2)

Cracks in the Empire

53

(4)

Documents:

An Early Feminist Statement

57

(1)

An Indian Cabildo Writes to the Crown, 1554

58

(3)

Independence

61

(23)

A Changing Mentality Begets New Attitudes and Action

62

(6)

The Slaves Declare Haiti's Independence

68

(2)

An Unsuccessful Popular Revolution in Mexico

70

(2)

Elitist Revolts

72

(5)

Documents:

Micaela Bastidas Puyucahua Advises

Her Husband, Tupac Amaru

77

(2)

The Jamaica Letter

79

(5)

Simon Bolivar

New Nations

84

(47)

The Transfer and Legitimization of Power

85

(6)

The Tense Societies

91

(8)

Economic Stagnation

99

(8)

A Lingering Legacy of the Enlightenment

107

(5)

Caudillos

112

(11)

Documents:

Civilization and Barbarism

123

(5)

Domingo F. Sarmiento

El Gaucho Martin Fierro

128

(3)

The Emergence of the Modern State

131

(38)

Political Stability

132

(4)

Positivism and Progress

136

(5)

Economic Prosperity

141

(4)

Modest Industrialization

145

(2)

Progress on the Periphery

147

(2)

The Growth of Cities

149

(5)

Continuity and Change

154

(2)

The Popular Challenge

156

(7)

Documents:

The Mexican Constitution of 1857

163

(1)

In Support of Porfirio Diaz

163

(4)

A Chilean Offers a Different Vision

167

(2)

New Actors on an Old Stage

169

(30)

The Presence of the United States

170

(9)

The Middle Sectors Emerge

179

(3)

The Middle Class in Politics

182

(6)

The Middle Sectors and Feminism

188

(6)

Documents:

Our America

194

(3)

Jose Marti

Ode to Roosevelt

197

(2)

The Past Challenged

199

(27)

Mexico's Violent Response to the Past

200

(11)

Nationalism as a Force for Change

211

(5)

Changing Racial Attitudes

216

(6)

Documents:

The Plan of Ayala

222

(1)

Carlos Fuentes on the Revolution

223

(3)

From World Wars to Cold War

226

(29)

Economic Crises

227

(3)

Dictators and Populists

230

(6)

Latin America Turns Inward

236

(5)

A Flirtation with Democracy

241

(6)

Documents:

A Different Feminism?

247

(5)

Evita

The Periphery v. the Center

252

(3)

Raul Prebisch

The Revolutionary Option

255

(31)

Cuba

258

(9)

Cuba's Impact

267

(5)

Chile

272

(2)

Nicaragua

274

(7)

Documents:

A Nicaraguan Revolutionary Poet

281

(1)

Leonel Rugama

Cuba's Poet Laureate

282

(2)

Nicolas Guillen

Liberation Theology: A Voice for the Poor

284

(2)

Modern Problems

286

(27)

New Economic Patterns

287

(2)

Military Models for Change

289

(7)

War in Central America

296

(7)

Do Elections Make Democracies?

303

(5)

Documents:

Reasons for War

308

(1)

Manuel Jose Arce

Never Again: Reports on Torturers in Argentina, Brazil, and Guatemala

309

(4)

The Enigma Remains

313

(21)

Neoliberalism: The Return of an Old Model

314

(2)

A New Kind of Revolution

316

(2)

The Post-Cold War United States

318

(4)

The Environmental Cost

322

(2)

The Enigma Remains

324

(5)

Documents:

Zapatistas: A New Voice from the Lacandon Jungle

329

(3)

A Poet for the Millennium

332

(2)

A Chronology of Significant Dates in Latin American History

334

(6)

Statistics on the Nations of Latin America

340

(3)

A Glossary of Spanish and Portuguese Terms

343

(4)

A Glossary of Concepts and Terms

347

(6)

The Novel as History: A Reading Guide

353

(9)

Index

362

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

I was fortunate to have the opportunity to train with E. Bradford Burns at the University of California, Los Angeles. I was among the last of his graduate students: He signed my dissertation in August 1995 and died that December. I have missed him terribly, especially as I have taught this text and wished that we could continue our long talks and often heated debates about Latin America. Prentice Hall's invitation to revise the book was simultaneously flattering and daunting. It is an honor to try to carry on the Burns tradition, but it also seems presumptuous to rewrite one's mentor. I was aided in the task, however, by Professor Burns's own sage advice to me years ago: "It is the job of each generation of scholars to revise the previous generation." I am taking him at his word. This book remains a landmark in the teaching of Latin American history. It is a narrative that weaves the history of an entire region into a coherent story that emphasizes both common themes and regional and national specificity; it thus breaks away from the old tradition of marching through the separate stories of various countries in the region. Most importantly, the narrative is grounded in Professor Burns's sharp, succinct analysis of the central dynamic of Latin American history: the enigma of "poor people inhabiting rich-lands" because the region's elites have "tended to confuse their own well-being and desires with those of the nation at large." I find that analysis to be as on target today as it was in 1972, when the first edition of this text was published. When it first appeared, the textbook also was the first to adopt the perspective of dependency theory, which came to dominate the debate about Latin American development until the 1990s. It has become quite fashionable at the end of the millennium to dismiss the dependency school, laughing at its naivete. But as Robert A. Packenham argues inThe Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies,"reports of the death of the dependency movement are premature." Packenham describes the 1991 World Congress of the International Political Science Association meeting in Buenos Aires, at which dependency authors restated their supposedly dated views to enthusiastic applause and even a standing ovation. Indeed, it can be argued that Latin America is more dependent than ever before. There have been many critiques of dependency theory, from within the wide-ranging dependentista camp itself, between classical Marxists and dependentistas, and between modernization advocates and dependency theorists. Some of the more simplistic versions of dependency theory did seem to reduce Latin American relations to an "us" and "them" dynamic, ignoring the role of Latin American elites. At times the elites were seen as mere lackeys of the developed countries, rather than a dominant class with its own agenda within Latin America. Dependency theorists who predicted that no real change could take place within the structure of Latin American economies were confronted by examples such as Brazil, which combined the state, the private sector, and foreign interests in an extensive process of industrialization and changed from a primary-product exporter to a regional power in manufacturing. Some dependentistas, Burns among them, advocated a virtual withdrawal from the world market and a return to a more simple life, in which domestic goods would suffice. Many of those debates do indeed seem outmoded today. Certainly solutions that called for near autarky seem unrealistic amid today's relentless onslaught of globalization. Nonetheless, the basic description provided by dependency theory still holds true: The mere equation of growth with development is erroneous. The rise in gross national product, if it is not redistributed, benefits only a tiny percentage of the population. Latin America still suffers from the world's most inequitable distribution of wealth, a condition that

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Latin America : A Concise Interpretive History

Latin America : A Concise Interpretive History

0130195766

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Excerpts