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Introduction to Optical Mineralogy

by: Nesse, William D.

Introduction to Optical Mineralogy

by: Nesse, William D.

ISBN 13:
9780195149104
ISBN 10:
0195149106
Edition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 08/21/2003
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Summary

The purpose of this book is to serve the needs of students in learning the procedures and theory required to use the petrographic microscope. In the second edition the book has been updated and there has been a number of changes.

Preface

CHAPTER 1: LIGHT

(13)

The Nature of Light

(1)

Electromagnetic Radiation

(2)

Phase

(1)

The Perception of Color

(1)

Interaction of Light and Matter

(5)

Transmitted Light

(2)

Velocity

(1)

Index of Refraction

(2)

Reflection

(1)

Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection

(1)

Optical Class

(1)

Dispersion

(1)

Light Absorption and Color

(1)

Polarized Light

(4)

Polarization by Double Refraction

(1)

Polarization by Reflection

(1)

Polarization by Scattering

(1)

CHAPTER 2: THE PETROOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPE

(11)

Direction Conventions

(1)

Examples

(1)

Illuminator

(1)

Substage Assembly

(1)

Microscope Stage

(1)

Objective Lenses

(1)

Vertical Illuminator

(1)

Upper Polarizer

(1)

Bertrand Lens

(1)

Ocular

(1)

Focusing Mechanism

(1)

Accessories

(1)

Additional Equipment

(1)

General Care of the Microscope

(1)

Adjustment of the Microscope

(3)

Adjusting the Oculars

(1)

Focusing

(1)

Adjusting the Illuminator

(1)

Centering the Objectives

(1)

Adjusting the Substage

(1)

Alignment of Polarizers

(1)

General Considerations

(1)

CHAPTER 3: REFRACTOMETRY

(9)

Relief

(1)

Becke Line Method

(5)

Dispersion Effects

(2)

Oblique Illumination Method

(1)

Practical Considerations

(1)

Accuracy of the Immersion Method

(1)

Determining Indices of Refraction in Thin Section

(1)

CHAPTER 4: OPTICS OF ISOTROPIC MATERIALS

(3)

Isotropic Indicatrix

(1)

Distinguishing Between Isotropic and Anisotropic Minerals

(1)

Identification of Isotropic Minerals

(2)

Grain Mount

(1)

Thin Section

(1)

CHAPTER 5: OPTICS OF ANISOTROPIC MINERALS: INTRODUCTION

(16)

Interference Phenomena

(4)

Monochromatic Illumination

(2)

Retardation

(1)

Birefringence

(1)

Interference of the Two Rays

(1)

Polychromatic Illumination

(2)

Orders of Interference Colors

(1)

Anomalous Interference Colors

(1)

Determining Thickness of a Sample

(2)

Thin Section

(1)

Grain Mount

(1)

Determining Birefringence from the Color Chart

(1)

Thin Section

(1)

Grain Mount

(1)

Recognizing the Different Orders of Interference Colors

(1)

Extinction

(2)

Categories of Extinction

(1)

Use of the Accessory Plates

(3)

Sign of Elongation

(1)

Relief

(1)

Pleochroism

(2)

CHAPTER 6: UNIAXIAL OPTICS

(23)

Optic Sign

(1)

Crystallographic Considerations

(1)

Uniaxial Indicatrix

(3)

Use of the Indicatrix

(2)

Birefringence and Interference Colors

(2)

Extinction

(4)

Tetragonal Minerals

(1)

Hexagonal Minerals

(4)

Rhombohedral Cleavage

(2)

Prismatic and Pinacoidal Cleavage

(1)

Pleochroism

(1)

Interference Figure

(7)

Optic Axis Interference Figure

(4)

Formation of Isochromes

(1)

Formation of Isogyres

(1)

Determining Optic Sign

(2)

Off-Center Optic Axis Figure

(1)

Flash Figure

(3)

Selecting Grains to Give Interference Figures

(1)

Optic Axis Figure

(1)

Flash Figure

(1)

Determining Indices of Refraction

(4)

Grain Mount

(2)

Determining nw

(1)

Determining ne

(1)

Thin Section

(1)

Spindle Stage

(2)

CHAPTER 7: BIAXIAL OPTICS

(34)

Biaxial Indicatrix

(3)

Mathematical Relationships

(1)

Use of the Indicatrix

(4)

Normal Incidence Parallel to an Indicatrix Axis

(1)

Normal Incidence Parallel to an Optic Axis

(1)

Normal Incidence in a Random Direction

(1)

Inclined Incidence

(1)

Crystallographic Orientation of Indicatrix Axes

(1)

Orthorhombic Minerals

(1)

Monoclinic Minerals

(1)

Triclinic Minerals

(1)

Biaxial Interference Figure

(7)

Acute Bisectrix Figure

(3)

Formation of Isochromes

(1)

Vibration Directions and Formation of Isogyres

(2)

Centered Optic Axis Figure

(1)

Obtuse Bisectrix Figure

(1)

Optic Normal Figure

(1)

Off-Center Figures

(1)

Determining Optic Sign

(4)

Acute Bisectrix Figure

(3)

Obtuse Bisectrix Figure

Optic Axis Figure

(1)

Flash Figures

(4)

Determining 2V

(4)

2V Versus 2E

(1)

Mallard's Method

(1)

Tobi's Method

(1)

Kamb's Method

(1)

Wright Method

(1)

Selecting Grains to Produce Interference Figures

(2)

Pleochroism

101

(1)

Extinction

101

(2)

Orthorhombic Minerals

101

(1)

Monoclinic Minerals

102

(1)

Triclinic Minerals

103

(1)

Sign of Elongation

103

(1)

Indices of Refraction

104

(2)

Grain Mount

104

(1)

Spindle Stage

104

(2)

Dispersion in Biaxial Minerals

106

(4)

Orthorhombic Minerals

106

(1)

Monoclinic Minerals

107

(1)

Triclinic Minerals

108

(2)

CHAPTER 8: REFLECTED LIGHT OPTICS

110

(12)

Physical Properties Observed with Polished Sections

110

(4)

Crystal Form and Habit

110

(1)

Hardness

111

(3)

Observation in Plane Polarized Light

114

(4)

Reflectance

114

(1)

Bireflectance

115

(2)

Measurement of Reflectance and Bireflectance

116

(1)

Color and Pleochroism

117

(1)

Isotropic Minerals

117

(1)

Anisotropic Minerals

117

(1)

Observations with Crossed Polarizers

118

(2)

Polarization Colors

118

(1)

Isotropic Minerals

118

(1)

Anisotropic Minerals

118

(1)

Internal Reflections

119

(1)

Observations Related to Conoscopic Illumination

120

(1)

Practical Considerations

120

(2)

CHAPTER 9: IDENTIFICATION OFMINERALS

122

(6)

Descriptive Features

122

(1)

Cleavage

122

(1)

Twinning

123

(1)

Alteration

123

(1)

Association

123

(1)

Tactics for Mineral Identification

123

(3)

Thin Section Identification

123

(1)

Grain Mount Identification

124

(1)

Polished Section Identification

125

(1)

Use of the Identification Tables

125

(1)

Nonminerals

126

(1)

Problems in Paradise

126

(2)

Inconsistencies in Crystallographic Settings

127

(1)

Poor Data

127

(1)

CHAPTER 10: FRAMEWORK SILICATES

128

(36)

Silica Group

128

(6)

Quartz

128

(1)

Chalcedony

128

(3)

Tridymite

131

(1)

Cristobalite

132

(1)

Opal

132

(1)

Volcanic Glass

133

(1)

Feldspars

134

(17)

Plagioclase

135

(9)

Thin Section

138

(4)

Grain Mount

142

(2)

Alkali Feldspars

144

(4)

Sanidine

148

(1)

Orthoclase

149

(1)

Microcline

150

(1)

Adularia

150

(1)

Anorthoclase

151

(1)

Feldspathoids

151

(4)

Nepheline

151

(2)

Sodalite Group

153

(1)

Leucite

153

(1)

Cancrinite-Vishnevite

154

(1)

Zeolites

155

(7)

Analcime (Analcite)

156

(1)

Natrolite

157

(1)

Thomsonite

158

(1)

Stilbite

159

(1)

Chabazite

159

(1)

Heulandite

160

(1)

Laumontite

161

(1)

Other Minerals and Mineraloids

162

(2)

Scapolite

162

(2)

CHAPTER 11: SHEET SILICATES

164

(20)

TO Layer Silicates

166

(1)

Kaolinite

166

(1)

Serpentine

166

(1)

TOT Layer Silicates

167

(2)

Pyrophyllite

167

(1)

Talc

168

(1)

TOT + Interlayer Cation Layer Silicates

169

(7)

Muscovite

169

(2)

Biotite

171

(2)

Lepidolite

173

(1)

Glauconite

174

(1)

Margarite

175

(1)

Clintonite

175

(1)

TOT + O Layer Silicates

176

(2)

Chlorite

176

(2)

Clay Minerals

178

(2)

Other Sheet Silicates

180

(4)

Stilpnomelane

180

(1)

Prehnite

181

(1)

Apophyllite

182

(2)

CHAPTER 12: CHAIN SILICATES

184

(39)

Pyroxenes

185

(14)

Enstatite-Ferrosilite (Orthopyroxene)

187

(3)

Pigeonite

190

(2)

Calcic Clinopyroxene (Augite)

192

(2)

Aegirine, Aegirine-Augite

194

(2)

Omphacite

196

(1)

Jadeite

197

(1)

Spodumene

198

(1)

Amphiboles

199

(18)

Anthophyllite

202

(2)

Gedrite

204

(1)

Cummingtonite-Grunerite

205

(2)

Tremolite-Actinolite-Ferro-Actinolite

207

(1)

Hornblende

208

(2)

Oxyhornblende

210

(1)

Kaersutite

211

(1)

Richterite

212

(1)

Arfvedsonite and Eckermannite

213

(2)

Glaucophane-Riebeckite Series

215

(2)

Pyroxenoids

217

(3)

Wollastonite

217

(1)

Rhodonite

218

(1)

Pectolite

219

(1)

Other Chain Silicates

220

(3)

Sapphirine

220

(3)

CHAPTER 13: DISILICATES AND RING SILICATES

223

(18)

Disilicates

223

(11)

Lawsonite

223

(1)

Pumpellyite

224

(2)

Melilite

226

(1)

Vesuvianite (Idocrase)

227

(1)

Epidote Group

227

(1)

Zoisite

228

(1)

Clinozoisite-Epidote

229

(3)

Piemontite

232

(1)

Allanite

233

(1)

Ring Silicates

234

(7)

Tourmaline

234

(2)

Axinite

236

(1)

Beryl

237

(1)

Cordierite

238

(3)

CHAPTER 14: ORTHOSILICATES

241

(21)

Olivine

241

(2)

Monticellite

243

(1)

Humite Group

244

(2)

Garnet Group

246

(2)

Andalusite

248

(2)

Sillimanite

250

(2)

Kyanite

252

(1)

Staurolite

253

(2)

Chloritoid

255

(1)

Titanite (Sphene)

256

(1)

Topaz

257

(2)

Zircon

259

(1)

Dumortierite

260

(2)

CHAPTER 15: CARBONATES, BORATES, SULFATES, AND PHOSPHATES

262

(23)

Carbonates

262

(11)

Calcite

264

(2)

Magnesite

266

(1)

Sidente

266

(1)

Rhodochrosite

267

(1)

Dolomite-Ankerite

268

(2)

Aragonite

270

(1)

Strontianite

271

(1)

Witherite

272

(1)

Borates

273

(2)

Borax

273

(2)

Colemanite

275

(1)

Sulfates

275

(5)

Barite

275

(1)

Celestine (Celestite)

276

(1)

Gypsum

277

(1)

Anhydrite

278

(1)

Alunite

279

(1)

Phosphates

280

(5)

Apatite

280

(2)

Monazite

282

(1)

Xenotime

283

(2)

CHAPTER 16: NATIVE ELEMENTS, SULFIDES, HALIDES, OXIDES, AND HYDROXIDES

285

(31)

Native Elements

285

(3)

Sulfur

285

(1)

Graphite

286

(1)

Gold

286

(1)

Silver

287

(1)

Copper

287

(1)

Sufides and Related Minerals

288

(9)

Pyrite

293

(1)

Marcasite

294

(1)

Sphalerite

295

(1)

Galena

296

(1)

Pyrrhotite

296

(1)

Chalcopyrite

297

(1)

Halides

297

(2)

Halite

297

(1)

Sylvite

298

(1)

Fluorite

299

(1)

Oxides

299

(8)

Periclase

299

(1)

Cuprite

300

(1)

Rutile

300

(1)

Anatase

301

(1)

Cassiterite

302

(1)

Corundum

303

(1)

Hematite

304

(1)

Ilmenite

305

(1)

Perovskite

306

(1)

The Spinel Group

307

(2)

Spinel Series

307

(1)

Magnetite

308

(1)

Chromite

309

(1)

Hydroxides

309

(7)

Brucite

309

(1)

Gibbsite

310

(1)

Diaspore

311

(1)

Böhmite (Boehmite)

312

(1)

Goethite

313

(1)

Lepidocrocite

314

(1)

Limonite

315

(1)

Appendix A: Sample Preparation

316

(3)

Grain Mount

316

(1)

Thin Section

316

(1)

Spindle Stage

317

(1)

Polished Section

317

(2)

Appendix B: Identification Tables

319

(16)

Appendix C: Mineral Associations

335

(4)

Mineral Index

339

(4)

Subject Index

343

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Introduction to Optical Mineralogy

Introduction to Optical Mineralogy

9780195149104

0195149106

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Introduction to Optical Mineralogy

Introduction to Optical Mineralogy

9780195149104

0195149106

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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