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Students will enjoy readingIntroduction to Human Services: Through the Eyes of Practice Settings, which explores relevant issues within the human services field by looking at them within the context of the most common practice settings. Ten practice settings are explored comprehensively, including the history and role of the human service professional, common clinical issues, as well as intervention strategies used in practice settings such as child welfare, mental health, substance abuse, the elderly, and domestic violence. Each chapter thoroughly explores recent research and policy, providing students with the most up-to-date information and perspective on important social issues and target populations. This is one of the only texts to include a chapter on faith-based agencies, which focuses on the long and distinguished history of religious organizations providing services to the needy. Native American issues are explored in-depth providing insight into this special population and its unique relationship to the federal government. A unique chapter on macro practice is also included; this is an often-neglected practice field that warrants increased attention. The International chapter focuses on human rights issues on a global level, exploring such issues as hate crimes, human sex trafficking, FGM, refugees and economic injustice in developing countries.

Michelle E. Martin is a professor in Dominican University’s Graduate School of Social Work (GSSW) Michelle is a licensed social worker and has held a Type 73 certificate for school social work. She is currently enrolled in a doctoral program in public policy at the University of Bristol in England, where she is ABD and currently working on her dissertation. Her research is focused on forced migration and refugees in protracted situations. Michelle has over 25 years of experience in the human service field having worked in a variety of practice settings, including adolescent residential, child welfare, victim advocacy, hospice, school social work, and refugee resettlement. Michelle teaches courses in social work practice, field practicum, and domestic and global policy, and currently serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Global Social Work Practice. Michelle’s research interests include comparative social welfare policy, human service practice and policy intersect, and the plight of refugees, including protracted refugees. Michelle lives in Wheaton with her 14-year old son, Xander, and their Golden Retriever, Sawyer.

I. HUMAN SERVICES AS A PROFESSION.

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN SERVICES PROFESSION: PURPOSE, PREPARATION, PRACTICE AND THEORETICAL ORIENTATIONS.

The Many Types of Human Service Professionals.

Why is Human Services Needed?

Human Service Education and Licensure.

Duties and Functions of a Human Service Professional.

How Do Human Service Professionals Practice?

Theoretical Frameworks used in Human Services.

Bronfenbenner’s Ecological Systems Theory.

PIE – Person in Environment.

Eco-systems Theory.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Understanding Human Services through a Look at Practice Settings.

2. HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY IN THE HUMAN SERVICES PROFESSION.

The Feudal System of the Middle Ages.

Poor Laws of England.

The Elizabethan Poor Laws.

Protestant Reformation and Social Darwinism.

Charity Organization Societies.

Jane Addams and the Settlement House Movement.

The New Deal and the Social Security Act of 1935

Influences of African American Social Workers.

Welfare Reform and the Emergence of Neoliberal Economic Policies

A Time for Change: The Election of the First African American President

3. Professional Ethics and Values in Human Services

Moral, But by Whose Standards?

Ethical Values vs. Emotional Desires: “I Know It Was Wrong, But We Were in Love!”

When Our Values Collide: “I Value Honesty, But What If Lives Are at Stake?”

The Development of Moral Reasoning

Developing a Professional Code of Ethics

Resolving Ethical Dilemmas

Cultural Influences on the Perception of Ethical Behavior

Ethical Standards in Human Services and Related Fields

Closing Thoughts on Professional Ethics

II. GENERALIST PRACTICE AND THE ROLE OF THE HUMAN SERVICE PROFESSIONAL.

4. SKILLS AND INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR GENERALIST PRACTICE.

Informed Consent and Confidentiality

The Limits of Confidentiality

Skills and Competencies

Sympathy and Empathy

Boundary Setting

The Hallmarks of Personal Growth

The Clinical Assessment

Patience

Active Listening Skills

Observation Skills

Family Genograms

Psychological Testing

Clinical Diagnoses

Criticisms of the DSM-IV-TR

Continuum of Mental Health

Case Management and Counseling

Basic Counseling Techniques for Generalist Practice

Task-Centered Casework

Perceptual Reframing, Emotional Regulation, Networking and Advocacy

Cultural Competence and Diversity

5. CHILD WELFARE SERVICES

Overview and Purpose of Child Welfare Agencies

The History of the Foster Care System in the United States

The U.S. Orphan Problem

The Orphan Asylum

The Seeds of Foster Care: The Orphan Trains

Overview of the Current U.S. Child Welfare System

Getting into the System

Child Abuse Investigations

Mandated Reporters

Sequence of Events in the Reporting and Investigation of Child Abuse

Types of Child Maltreatment

The Forensic Interview

To Intervene, or Not Intervene: Models for Decision Making

Working with Children in Placement

Permanency Plans

Working with Biological Families

Biological Parents and their Children: Maintaining the Connection

Working with Foster Children: Common Clinical Issues

Separation

Loss, Grief and Mourning

Identity Issues

Continuity of Family Ties

Crisis

Working with Foster Parents

Reunification

Family Preservation

Ethnic Minority Populations and Multicultural Considerations

Placing Children of Color in Caucasian Homes

Native Americans and the U.S. Child Welfare System

Adoption Services

6. ADOLESCENT SERVICES

Adolescence: A New Stage of Development?

Developmental Perspectives

Common Clinical Issues and the Role of the Human Service Professional

Abstract Reasoning: A Dangerous Weapon in the Hands of an Adolescent

Adolescent Rebellion

Externalizing Behaviors

Internalizing Behaviors

Eating Disorders in the Adolescent Population

Schizophrenia in the Adolescent Population

Other Clinical Issues Affecting the Adolescent Population

Practice Settings Specific to Adolescent Treatment

Multicultural Considerations

7. AGING AND SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY

The Aging of America: Changing Demographics

Old and Old-Old: A Developmental Perspective

Successful Aging

Current Issues Impacting the Elderly and the Role of the Human Service Professional

Ageism

Housing

Homelessness and the Elderly Population

Adjustment to Retirement

Grandparents Parenting

Depression

Dementia

Elder Abuse

Practice Settings Serving the Elderly

Special Populations

8. MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL ILLNESS

The History of Mental Illness: Perceptions and Treatment

The Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill

Common Mental Illnesses and Clinical Issues

Serious Mental Disorders Diagnosed on Axis I

Psychotic Disorders

Affective Disorders

Serious Mental Disorders Diagnosed on Axis II

Mental Health Practice Settings and Counseling Interventions

Intervention Strategies

Common Practice Settings

Mental Illness and Special Populations

Mental Illness and the Homeless Population

Mental Illness and the Prison Population: The Criminalization of the Mentally Ill

Mental Health Courts

Multicultural Considerations

Current Legislation Affecting Access to Mental Health Services

Mental Health Parity

Other Federal Legislation

9. HOMELESSNESS

The Nature of Homelessness: A Snapshot of Homelessness in America

The Causes of Homelessness

History of Homelessness in the United States

The Contemporary Picture of Homelessness: The Rise of Single Parent Families

Homeless Shelter Living for Families with Children

Homeless Children: School Attendance and Academic Performance

Runaway Youth

Single Men, the Mentally Ill and Substance Abuse

The Elderly Homeless

Current Policies and Legislation

The Role of the Human Service Professional: Working with the Homeless Population: Common Clinical Issues

Common Practice Settings for Working with the Homeless Population

10. HEALTHCARE AND HOSPICE

Human Services in Hospitals

Crisis and Trauma Counseling

Working with Patients with HIV/AIDS

The Hospice Movement

The History of Hospice: The Neglect of the Dying

The Hospice Philosophy

The Hospice Team

The Role of the Hospice Human Services Worker

The Psychosocial Assessment

Intervention Strategies

Case Management and Counseling Services

Resisting the Reality of the Death

Planning for the Death

The Spiritual Component of Dying

Death and Dying: Effective Bereavement Counseling

The Journey Through Grief: A Task-Centered Approach

Multicultural Issues

Ethical Dilemmas in Hospice Care

11. SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND TREATMENT

History of the Substance Abuse Practice Setting

History of Use and Early Treatment Efforts within the United States

The Prohibition Movement

The Rise of Modern Addiction Treatment in the United States

Demographics, Prevalence, and Usage Patterns

Defining Terms and Concepts

Theoretical Models of Use and Abuse

Types of Substances Abused

Abuse of Prescription Drugs

The Presence of Substance Abuse Across All Practice Settings

Acceptance of Problem

Hitting Bottom

Clinical Interventions

Motivational Interviewing

Cultural Sensitivity

Defining Treatment Goals

Abstinence

Harm Reduction

Mode of Service Delivery

Availability of Treatment

Public Programs

Private Programs

Continuum of Care

Treatment Modalities

The Role of the Human Services Professional

Stages of Recovery

Relapse Prevention

Common Treatment Settings

Detoxification Programs

In-Patient Treatment Programs

Partial Hospitalization Programs

Residential Treatment Programs

Out-Patient Treatment

Pharmacological Treatments

Self-Help

Family Involvement

12. HUMAN SERVICES IN THE SCHOOLS

School Social Work

The School Social Work Model

School Social Work Roles, Functions, and Core Competencies

School Counseling

Historical Roots of School Counseling

School Counselors: Professional Identity

The Urban Problem

Common Roles and Functions of School Counselors

School Psychologists

Common Clinical Issues and Effective Responses by Human Services Personnel

Depression and other Mental Health Concerns

Diversity and Race

Gay, Lesbian, and Transgendered Youth

The Terrorism Threat and U.S. During Wartime

Substance Abuse

Child Abuse and Neglect

Teenage Pregnancy

ADD and ADHD

13. FAITH-BASED AGENCIES

Faith-Based versus Secular Organizations

Federal Funding of Faith-Based Human Service Agencies

Methods of Practice in Faith-Based Agencies

The Benefits of Faith-Based Services

Religious Diversity in Faith-Based Organizations

Faith-Based Agencies: Services and Intervention Strategies

Jewish Human Services: Agencies and the Role of the Human Services Professional

United Jewish Communities: The Federations of North America

Association of Jewish Family Services and Children’s Agencies

Christian Human Services: Agencies and the Role of the Human Services Professional

Rural Communities and the Black Church

Catholic Charities

Prison Fellowship Ministries

Teen Challenge

Islamic Human Services: Agencies and the Role of the Human Services Professional

Islamic Social Services Association

Inner-City Muslim Action Network

Muslim Family Services

14. VIOLENCE, VICTIM ADVOCACY AND CORRECTIONS

Domestic Violence

The Nature of Domestic Violence: The Cycle of Violence

Counseling Victims of Domestic Violence

Whose Fault is it Anyway? Attributing Causality of Abuse in the Relationship

Does She Stay or Does She Go?

Domestic Violence Practice Settings

The Prosecution of Domestic Violence

Batterers Programs

Sexual Assault

Why People Commit Rape

The Psychological Impact of Sexual Assault

Male-on-Male Sexual Assault

Common Practice Settings: Rape Crisis Centers

Victims of Violent Crime

The Victims’ Bill of Rights

Victim-Witness Assistance

Surviving Victims of Homicide

Common Clinical Issues when Working with Victims of All Violent Crime

Perpetrators of Crime

Gang Activity

Risk-factors of Gang Involvement

Human Services Practice Settings Focusing on Gang Involvement

Human Services in Prison Settings

The War on Drugs

Clinical Issues in the Prison Population: The Role of the Human Services Professional

Mental Health Programs in Correctional Facilities

Prison and Pregnancy

STDs and AIDS

Barriers to Treatment

III. MACRO PRACTICE, INTERNATIONAL HUMAN SERVICES AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS

15. MACRO PRACTICE AND INTERNATIONAL HUMAN SERVICES

Why Macro Practice?

Vulnerable and Oppressed Populations

Mobilizing for Change: Shared Goals of Effective Macro Practice Techniques

Common Aspects of Macro Practice

Community Development

Community Organizing

Policy Practice

The Global Community: International Human Services

HIV/AIDS Pandemic

Crimes Against Women and Children

Female Genital Mutilation

Human Sex Trafficking

Street Children

Child Labor and Economic Injustice

Indigenous People

Refugees

Torture and Abuse

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered Rights

Macro Practice in Action

EPILOGUE: THE FUTURE OF HUMAN SERVICES

Avoiding Professional Burn-out

Human Services and Technology

The Effect of the Economic Crisis and a New Presidential Administration on Human Service Practice

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Introduction to Human Services : Through the Eyes of Practice Settings

Introduction to Human Services : Through the Eyes of Practice Settings

0205795021

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials