Part 1 Introduction

Chapter 1

An Example of Development Through The Lifespan

Barack Obama – The Promise of Development

Thinking About Lifespan Development

Why Study The Lifespan?

What Is Development?

Changing Views of the Lifespan

Children Through The Years

Adolescence: A Time of Storm, Stress, or Calm?

The Adult Years

The Importance of Biopsychosocial Interactions

Understanding Children’s Cultures

Contributors to Biopsychosocial Interactions

Issues in Lifespan Development

Continuity versus Discontinuity

Nature vs. Nurture

Developmental Research

Data Collection Techniques

Time Variable Designs

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Chapter 2

The Psychoanalytic Tradition

Structures of the Mind

The Developing Personality

Psychosocial Crises and Development

Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages

The Cognitive Developmental Approach

Jean Piaget’s Theory

The Cultural Framework Approach

Lev Vygotsky’s Theory

The Zone of Proximal Development

The Behavioral Approach

Skinner and Operant Conditioning

Bandura and Social Cognitive Learning

A Bioecological Model

Bronfenbrenner’s System Analysis

Developmental Theory: Current Status, Future Direction

Interactions Among Levels of Development

Developmental Systems Theory

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Part 2 Beginnings

Chapter 3

The Fertilization Process

The Beginnings

The Menstrual Cycle

Infertility

Causes of Infertility

Assisted Reproduction Techniques

Adoption

Heredity at Work

Chromosomes and Genes

DNA: Structure and Function

How Traits Are Transmitted

Hereditary Disorders

The Human Genome Project

How The Human Genome Project Began

Ethical, Legal, and, Social Implications

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Chapter 4

The Prenatal World

The Germinal Period

The Embryonic Period

The Fetal Period

Influences on Prenatal Development

Maternal Influences

Teratogens

Diagnosing Fetal Problems

The Birth Process

Stages in the Birth Process

Birth Complications

The Special Case of Prematurity

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Part 3 Infancy

Chapter 5

Physical Development In Infancy

Development Milestones of Infancy

Brain Development

Neonatal Reflexes

Newborn Abilities

Neonatal Assessment Techniques

Motor Development

Neonatal Problems

Perceptual Development

The Meaning of Perception

Visual Perception

Auditory Perception

Cognitive Development

Piaget’s Sensorimotor Period

Criticisms of Piaget

Information Processing in Infancy

Language Development

Acquiring Their Language

Key Signs of Language Development

Conclusion & Summary

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Chapter 6

The Meaning of Relationships

Characteristics of the Developing Relationship

How Do Children Develop Relationships?

The Role of Reciprocal Interactions

Parental Roles: Expectations For a Relationship

Attachment

Bowlby’s Work

Attachment Research

New Directions in Attachment Research

Fathers and Attachment

Temperament

The Origins of Temperament

Goodness of Fit

Sensitive Responsiveness

Early Emotional Development

Emotions and Emotional Development

Signs of Emotional Development

Analyzing Emotional Expression

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Part 4 Early Childhood

Chapter 7

Physical and Motor Development

Features of Physical Development

Continuing Brain Development

Boys’ and Girls’ Brains

Influences on Physical Development in Early Childhood

Growing Motor Skills

Cognitive Development

Piaget’s Preoperational Period

Information Processing Theory

Children’s Theory of Mind

Early Childhood Education

Piaget and Montessori

Project Head Start

Language Development

Language as Rule Learning

The Pattern of Language Development

Bilingualism

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Chapter 8

The Family in Development

A Changing View of the Family

Parents and Their Children

Siblings and Development

Children of Divorce

Day Care

The Self Emerges

The Development of Self

Changes in the Developing Self

The Role of Gender in Development

Definition of Terms

Theories of Gender Development

cquiring Gender Identity

Gender Stereotyping

The Importance of Play

The Meaning of Play

Developmental Aspects of Play

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Part 5 Middle Childhood

Chapter 9

Physical Development

Brain Development During the Middle Childhood Years

Nutrition

Children Who Are Exceptional

Cognitive Development

Piaget and Concrete Operations

New Ways of Looking at Intelligence

Thinking and Problem Solving

Children and Thinking Skills

Problem-Solving Strategies

The DUPE Model

Moral Development

The Path of Moral Development

Piaget’s Explanation

Kohlberg’s Theory

Gilligan’s In a Different Voice

Language Development

Changes in Usage

Children and Their Books

The Issue of Literacy

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Chapter 10

The Changing Sense of Self

The Developing Self-Concept

Self-Esteem and Competence

Children and Self-Regulation

The Influence of Peers

Children’s Friendships

Peers in Middle Childhood

Schools and Middle Childhood

Are Schools Really That Important?

Do Teachers Make a Difference?

Schools and Development

Television and Development

Television and Cognitive Development

Television and Violence

Stress in Childhood

Types of Stress

Why Children React Differently to Stress

Abused Children

The Special Case of Sexual Abuse

Resilient Children

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Part 6 Adolescence

Chapter 11

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

How Should We Define Adolescence?

Theories of Adolescence

Anna Freud’s Psychological Theory

Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

John Hill’s Biopsychosocial Theory

Physical Development

Your Reproductive System

When Does Puberty Start?

The Secular Trend

Body Image and Eating Disorders

The Role of Stress

Cognitive Development

Variables in Cognitive Development: Piaget

Emotions and Brain Development

Adolescent Egocentrism

Critical Thinking

Creative Thinking

Mental Health Issues

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Chapter 12

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

Changing American Families and Their Roles in Adolescent Life

The Loss of Functions

The Effects of Divorce

The Nurturing Parent

Peer Relations

Developmental Patterns of Peer Groups

Functions of Peer Groups

Sexual Behavior

Stages of Sexuality

Autosexual Behavior

Homosexual Behavior

Heterosexual Behavior

Sexually Transmitted Infections

AIDS

Other Sexually Transmitted Infections

The Teenage Parent

Illegal Behavior

Substance Abuse

Criminal Behavior

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Part 7 Early Adulthood

Chapter 13

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Initiation into Adulthood

The Transition to Adulthood in the United States

Implications of the Lack of an Initiation Ceremony

Physical Development

The Peak Is Reached

Organ Reserve

The Effect of Lifestyle on Health

Cognitive Development

Intellectual/Ethical Development

“Women’s Ways of Knowing”

Patterns of Work

The Phenomenon of the Dual-Career Family

Home-Based Work

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Chapter 14 Psychosocial Development in Early Adulthood

Marriage and the Family

Changing American Marriages and Families

Types of Marriage

Personal Development

The Adult Life Cycle: Levinson

Seasons of a Man’s Life: Levinson

Intimacy versus Isolation: Erikson

Sexual Identity and Gender Roles

Aspects of Gender Role

The Traditionalist View

Evolutionary Psychology

Androgyny

Male versus Female Identity

Interpersonal Relations

Sexuality

Marital Practices

Forms and Factors of Love: Sternberg

Validation: Fromm

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Part 8 Middle Adulthood

Chapter 15

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical Development

Health

Muscular Ability

Sensory Abilities

The Climacteric

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

New Views of Intelligence

The Development of Creativity

Learning Ability

Patterns of Work

Special Challenges for the Working Woman

The Midcareer Crisis

Some Suggestions for Dealing with the Midcareer Crisis

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Chapter 16

Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood

Dealing with the Stresses of Adulthood

The General Adaptation Syndrome

Risk and Resilience

Marriage and Family Relations

Marriage at Middle Age

Relationships with Aging Parents

Relationships with Siblings

Friendships

The Middle-Aged Divorced Person

Sex and Love in Middle Adulthood

Personality Development: Continuous or Changing?

Continuity versus Change

Seasons of a Man’s Life: Levinson

Seasons of a Woman’s Life: Levinson

Gender Splitting

Generativity versus Stagnation: Erikson

Continuous Traits Theory

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Part 9 Late Adulthood

Chapter 17

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Must We Age and Die?

Physiological Theories of Aging

Genetic Theories of Aging

Effects of the Natural Environment on Aging

Other Modifiers of Aging

Physical Development

Reaction Time

Sensory Abilities

Other Body Systems

Health

Appearance

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Ability in the Elderly: Tests versus Observations

Creativity

Wisdom

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Chapter 18

Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood

Social Development

Gender Roles

Sexuality

The Elderly and Their Families

The Older Worker

Performance

Retirement

Personal Development

The Committee on Human Development

Erikson

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

Chapter 19

Dying and Spirituality

The Role of Death in Life

What Is Death?

The Leading Causes of Death in the United States

Four Types of Death

The Legal Definition of Death

Dealing Successfully with the Death of Others

Grief Work

Pathological Grieving

The Role of Grief

The Role of the Funeral

Dealing Successfully with One’s Own Death

Suicide: The Rejection of Life

The Overall Picture

The Influence of Gender on Suicide

“Successful” Dying

Death with Dignity

The Hospice: “A Better Way of Dying”

Spirituality

Religious Participation

Frankl’s Theory of Spirituality

Jung’s Theory of Spirituality

Wilson’s Theory of Spirituality

Fowler’s Theory of Spirituality

Conclusion

Key Terms

What Do You Think?

Chapter Review Test

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