Human Communication : Motivation, Knowledge, and Skills

ISBN 13:
9780534570248
ISBN 10:
0534570240
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 02/22/2006
Publisher: Cengage Learning

Note: Not guaranteed to come with supplemental materials (access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.)

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Summary

Part One: FOUNDATIONS OF COMMUNICATION. 1. Introducing Communication. 2. A Model of Communication Competence. 3. Perception and Culture. 4. Language. 5. Nonverbal Communication. 6. Listening. Part Two: INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION. 7. Interpersonal Competence: Building Knowledge. 8. Interpersonal Competence: Developing Skills. Part Three: SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION. 9. Decision Making: Building Knowledge. 10. Participating In And Leading Groups: Developing Skills. Part Four: PUBLIC SPEAKING. 11. Speech Preparation: Building Knowledge. 12. Speech Presentation: Developing Skills. 13. Speaking to Inform. 14. Speaking to Persuade. Part Five: COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE IN A MEDIATED WORLD. 15. Computer-Mediated Communication Competence 16. Mass Communication And Media Competence. Appendix: Interviewing. Glossary. References. Index.

Preface

xiv

PART ONE Foundations of Communication

(156)

Introducing Communication

(24)

What Is Communication?

(3)

Messages

(1)

Media

(1)

Meaning

(1)

Managing

(1)

Models of Communication

(8)

Communication as Information Transfer

(2)

Communication as Sharing Meaning

(2)

Communication as Persuasion

(1)

Communication as Community

(3)

Assumptions about Communication

(6)

Communication Is a Process

(1)

Communication Creates Our Social Worlds

(1)

Communication Is Functional

(1)

Communication Is Limiting and Liberating

(1)

Communication Is Adaptive

(1)

Communication Is Holistic

(1)

Communication Is Ambiguous

(1)

Communication Is Crucial to a Quality Life

(1)

Close-Up on Community: Integrating Community Concerns with Your Experience

(1)

Communication and Competence

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Study and Review

(4)

A Model of Communication Competence

(28)

How Competent Are You?

(1)

What Is Communication Competence?

(5)

Competence as an Impression

(2)

The Competence Grid

(1)

Ethics and Communication Competence

(1)

Close-Up on Ethics: The Ethics of Interpersonal Communication

(1)

Basic Components of the Communication Competence Model

(8)

Motivation

(12)

Knowledge

(1)

Skills

(1)

Context

(4)

The Process Model of Communication Competence

(2)

Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

(1)

Perception, Expectations, and Impressions

(1)

The Competence Model in Action

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Study and Review

(9)

Perception and Culture

(30)

What Is Perception?

(7)

Perception Means Noticing

(2)

Perception Means Organizing

(2)

Perception Means Interpretation

(3)

How Does Culture Affect Perception?

(2)

Culture and Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values

(1)

Perceptions Vary by Culture

(1)

How Do We Develop Self-Concept?

(3)

Communication and Self

(1)

The Postmodern Self

(2)

Close-Up on Community: Managing Multiple ``Me's'' in a Diverse Society

(1)

Expressing Self to Others

(4)

Self-Disclosure

(3)

Challenges to Perception and Self

(1)

Managing the Challenges to Perception and Self

(2)

Using Multiple Perspectives to Create Descriptions

(1)

Anticipate Consequences

(1)

Envision the Future

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Study and Review

(9)

Language

(24)

What Is Language?

(4)

Language Is a System of Symbols

(2)

Language Is Guided by Rules

(1)

How Is Language Important?

(1)

Functions of Language

(7)

Language Makes Us Notice Things

(1)

Language Creates Opportunities and Limitations

(2)

Language Facilitates Social Coordination

(1)

Close-Up on Diversity: Reducing Bias in Language

(3)

Challenges to Competent Language Use

(1)

Strategies for Overcoming Challenges to Language

(4)

Be Curious about the Meaning of Words

(1)

Anticipate Possible Interpretations before You Speak

100

(1)

Experiment with Possible Phrasings

101

(2)

Chapter Summary

103

(1)

Study and Review

103

(5)

Nonverbal Communication

108

(26)

Defining Nonverbal Communication

110

(1)

Appreciating Nonverbal Communication

110

(1)

Functions of Nonverbal Communication

111

(3)

Substituting for and Repeating Words

112

(1)

Complementing and Accenting Words

112

(1)

Contradicting Words

112

(1)

Regulating Interactions

113

(1)

Defining Social and Emotional Relationships

113

(1)

Types of Nonverbal Messages

114

(10)

Physical Appearance and First Impressions

114

(1)

Body Communication

114

(4)

Touch

118

(1)

Voice

119

(1)

Time and Space

120

(4)

Challenges to Nonverbal Communication

124

(2)

Quantity, Constancy, and Awareness of Nonverbal Messages

124

(1)

Individual, Gender, and Cultural Differences

124

(1)

Close-Up on Gender: Female and Male Nonverbal Communication---Nature or Nurture?

125

(1)

Overcoming Challenges to Nonverbal Communication

126

(1)

Chapter Summary

127

(1)

Study and Review

127

(7)

Listening

134

(24)

What Is Listening?

137

(1)

Types of Listening

138

(4)

Listening to Learn and Comprehend

138

(1)

Listening to Evaluate and Critique

139

(2)

Listening to Empathize and Understand

141

(1)

Integrating the Types of Listening

141

(1)

Close-Up on Gender: Gender-Based Stereotypes and Expectations for Listening

142

(1)

Challenges to Listening

142

(4)

Physical Barriers

143

(2)

Interaction Barriers

145

(1)

Overcoming Challenges to Listening

146

(5)

Receiving Competence

146

(1)

Constructing Meaning Competence

147

(1)

Responding Competence

148

(3)

Chapter Summary

151

(1)

Study and Review

152

(4)

Listening Competence Skills Grid

156

(2)

PART TWO Interpersonal Communication

158

(54)

Interpersonal Competence: Building Knowledge

158

(26)

How We Learn

161

(1)

Content Knowledge: Knowing What to Communicate

162

(6)

Repertoires

163

(2)

Scripts

165

(3)

Rules

168

(1)

Procedural Knowledge: Knowing How to Communicate

168

(7)

Planning

168

(2)

Close-Up on Culture: Conversational Rules

170

(3)

Action Assembly

173

(2)

Challenges to Competence in Relationships

175

(2)

Empathy and Perspective Taking

175

(1)

Knowledge-Gaining Strategies

176

(1)

Chapter Summary

177

(1)

Study and Review

177

(7)

Interpersonal Competence: Developing Skills

184

(28)

The Nature of Communication Skills

186

(11)

Characteristics of Skills

186

(3)

Types of Interpersonal Skills

189

(5)

Close-Up on Conflict: Conflict, Assertiveness, and Competence

194

(3)

Challenges to Managing Interpersonal Skills

197

(4)

Habit and Routine

197

(1)

Balancing Adaptability and Consistency

198

(1)

Balancing the Amount of Skills

199

(1)

Balancing Self-Interests and Other-Interests

200

(1)

Chapter Summary

201

(1)

Study and Review

202

(8)

Interpersonal Communication Competence Skills Grid

210

(2)

PART THREE Small Group Communication

212

(62)

Small Groups and Decision Making: Building Knowledge and Skills

212

(32)

What Is a Small Group?

215

(3)

Includes Three or More People

215

(1)

Includes Shared Perception

215

(1)

Emphasizes Interdependence

216

(1)

Requires Communication

217

(1)

Knowing How to Make Group Decisions

218

(8)

Distinguishing between Problem Solving and Decision Making

218

(1)

Close-Up on Teams and Teamwork: Teams and Teamwork

219

(2)

Defining Group Decision-Making Tasks

221

(1)

Communication and Group Decision Making

222

(3)

Assessing the Quality of Decision Making

225

(1)

Task Skills for Making Decisions

226

(5)

Close-Up on Group Decision Making: When to Use Groups to Make Decisions

227

(1)

Defining the Problem

228

(1)

Analyzing the Problem

229

(1)

Identifying Criteria for Solving the Problem

230

(1)

Generating Solutions or Alternatives

230

(1)

Evaluating Solutions or Alternatives

230

(1)

Challenges to Competent Decision Making

231

(1)

Causes of Groupthink

231

(1)

Concurrence Seeking and Decision Making

232

(1)

Overcoming Challenges to Competence

233

(4)

Stimulating Divergent Thinking

234

(1)

Initiating Convergent Thinking

235

(2)

Chapter Summary

237

(1)

Study and Review

238

(6)

Leadership in Small Groups: Challenges and Overcoming Them

244

(30)

Knowing How to Lead Groups

247

(6)

Understanding Leadership

247

(3)

Close-Up on Gender: A Feminine Advantage?

250

(2)

Leadership and Change

252

(1)

Group Conflict

253

(3)

Conflict Management Styles

256

Challenges to Leadership

253

(6)

Managing Leadership Challenges

259

(7)

Creating a Supportive Group Climate

259

(2)

Explaining Positions

261

(3)

Framing the Issue

264

(2)

Chapter Summary

266

(1)

Study and Review

267

(4)

Leadership Competence Skills Grid

271

(3)

PART FOUR Public Speaking

274

(124)

Speech Preparation: Building Knowledge

274

(38)

Rhetoric and Public Speaking

276

(2)

The Greek Period

276

(1)

The Roman Period

276

(2)

What Is Public Speaking?

278

(2)

Types of Speeches

278

(1)

Types of Delivery

278

(2)

Preparing with Competence

280

(1)

Analyzing the Audience and Situation

280

(7)

Analyzing the Audience

280

(4)

Close-Up on Diversity: Analyzing and Adapting to a Diverse Audience

284

(2)

Analyzing the Situation

286

(1)

Choosing and Narrowing a Topic

287

(1)

Finding a Good Topic

287

(1)

Adapting and Narrowing the Topic

287

(1)

Developing a Speech Purpose and Thesis Statement

288

(1)

General Purpose

288

(1)

Specific Purpose

288

(1)

Thesis Statement

289

(1)

Gathering Support Materials

289

(7)

Personal Observations, Experiences, and Interviews

290

(1)

Using the Internet

290

(3)

Evaluating Internet Sources

293

(1)

Using the Library

293

(3)

Support Materials and Critical Thinking

296

(1)

Organizing and Outlining

296

(10)

Close-Up on Critical Thinking: Thinking Critically during Speech Preparation

297

(1)

Organizational Patterns

297

(1)

Basics of Outlining

298

(1)

Types of Outlines

299

(2)

Introduction

301

(4)

Body of the Speech

305

(1)

Conclusion

305

(1)

Chapter Summary

306

(1)

Study and Review

306

(6)

Speech Presentation: Developing Skills

312

(34)

Presenting with Competence and Credibility

314

(2)

Becoming a Credible Speaker

315

(1)

Becoming a Competent Presenter

315

(1)

Using Words

316

(5)

Clarity

316

(1)

Vividness

317

(2)

Appropriateness

319

(2)

Using Your Voice

321

(3)

Rate

321

(1)

Close-Up on Diversity: Language in a Multicultural World

322

(1)

Pitch

323

(1)

Volume

323

(1)

Public Voice and Private Voice

324

(1)

Speaking Correctly and Appropriately

324

(3)

Pronunciation

325

(1)

Articulation

325

(1)

Grammar

326

(1)

Using Nonverbal Cues

327

(3)

Appearance

327

(1)

Posture and Body Movement

327

(1)

Gestures

328

(1)

Facial Expression

329

(1)

Eye Contact

329

(1)

Using Presentational Aids

330

(7)

Types of Aids

330

(4)

Methods of Presentation

334

(1)

Computerized Aids

335

(1)

How-Tos for Presenting with Aids

336

(1)

The Challenge of Public Speaking Anxiety

337

(1)

Overcoming Public Speaking Anxiety

338

(2)

Systematic Desensitization

339

(1)

Cognitive Modification

339

(1)

Goal Setting

339

(1)

Chapter Summary

340

(1)

Study and Review

341

(5)

Speaking to Inform

346

(24)

Understanding the Informative Speech

348

(3)

What Is an Informative Speech?

348

(2)

Why Do You Need Informative Speaking Skills?

350

(1)

Types of Informative Speeches

351

(1)

Speaking to Describe

351

(1)

Speaking to Explain

351

(1)

Speaking to Instruct

352

(1)

Organizing and Outlining an Informative Speech

352

(5)

Topic

353

(1)

Chronology

354

(1)

Space

355

(1)

Comparison and Contrast

355

(2)

Cause and Effect

357

(1)

Using Support Materials to Inform

357

(5)

Definitions and Descriptions

358

(1)

Examples

359

(1)

Stories

359

(1)

Testimonies and Quotations

360

(1)

Facts and Statistics

360

(2)

Close-Up on Ethics: Ethics and Informative Speaking

362

(1)

Ethics and Informative Speaking

362

(1)

Final Suggestions for Informative Speaking

362

(1)

Chapter Summary

363

(1)

Study and Review

364

(6)

Speaking to Persuade

370

(28)

Understanding the Persuasive Speech

372

(4)

Why Do You Need Persuasive Speaking Skills?

372

(1)

Types of Persuasive Speeches

373

(3)

Making Your Arguments Persuasive

376

(4)

Logical Appeals

376

(2)

Emotional Appeals

378

(1)

Credibility Appeals

379

(1)

Organizing and Outlining a Persuasive Speech

380

(6)

Problem-Solution Organization

380

(1)

Motivated Sequence

381

(4)

Refuting the Opponent

385

(1)

Comparing Alternatives

385

(1)

Reasoning Logically

386

(2)

Close-Up on Ethics: Ethics and Speaking to Persuade

387

(1)

Ethics and Persuasive Public Speaking

388

(1)

Chapter Summary

388

(1)

Study and Review

389

(7)

Public Speaking Presentation Competence Skills Grid

396

(2)

PART FIVE Communication Competence in a Mediated World

398

(53)

Computer-Mediated Communication

393

(31)

What Is Computer-Mediated Communication Competence?

400

(3)

Characteristics of Computer-Mediated Communication

401

(2)

The Importance of Computer-Mediated Communication

403

(2)

The Extent of Mediated Communication

404

(1)

Information Haves and Have-Nots

404

(1)

Close-Up on Technology: The Dark Side of CMC

405

(1)

The Computer-Mediated Communication Competence Model

405

(8)

Motivation

406

(1)

Knowledge

407

(1)

Skills

407

(3)

Context Factors

410

(3)

Overcoming Challenges to Mediated Communication

413

(2)

Access

414

(1)

Mastery

414

(1)

Chapter Summary

415

(1)

Study and Review

415

(9)

Mass Communication

424

(27)

Mass Communication and Media Competence

426

(12)

Trends in Mass Communication

426

(2)

How Mass Communication Works

428

(4)

The Mass Communication Professions

432

(1)

Close-Up on Media Effects: What's the Rap on Rap?

433

(5)

Overcoming Challenges to Media Literacy and Competence

438

(4)

Critical Thinking

440

(1)

Counterarguing

441

(1)

Bias Testing

442

(1)

Chapter Summary

442

(1)

Study and Review

443

(5)

Media Competence Skills Grid

448

(3)

Appendix Communication Competence in Interviews

451

(16)

Glossary

467

(12)

Photo Credits

479

(1)

Index

480

Human Communication : Motivation, Knowledge, and Skills

9780534570248

0534570240

Summary

Table of Contents

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Human Communication : Motivation, Knowledge, and Skills

9780534570248

0534570240

Summary

Table of Contents

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