Grob's Basic Electronics

ISBN 13:
9780072974751
ISBN 10:
0072974753
Edition: 10th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 05/03/2006
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math
Newer Edition

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Preface

Introduction to Powers of 10

(2)

Scientific Notation

(3)

Engineering Notation and Metric Prefixes

(3)

Converting Between Metric Prefixes

(1)

Addition and Subtraction Involving Powers of 10 Notation

(2)

Multiplication and Division Involving Powers of 10 Notation

(1)

Reciprocals with Powers of 10

(1)

Squaring Numbers Expressed in Powers of 10 Notation

(1)

Square Roots of Numbers Expressed in Powers of 10 Notation

(1)

The Scientific Calculator

(8)

Summary

(6)

Electricity

(34)

Negative and Positive Polarities

(1)

Electrons and Protons in the Atom

(3)

Structure of the Atom

(3)

The Coulomb Unit of Electric Charge

(3)

The Volt Unit of Potential Difference

(2)

Charge in Motion Is Current

(4)

Resistance Is Opposition to Current

(2)

The Closed Circuit

(2)

The Direction of Current

(3)

Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC)

(1)

Sources of Electricity

(1)

The Digital Multimeter

(8)

Summary

(6)

Resistors

(22)

Types of Resistors

(3)

Resistor Color Coding

(4)

Variable Resistors

(1)

Rheostats and Potentiometers

(3)

Power Rating of Resistors

(1)

Resistor Troubles

(8)

Summary

(6)

Ohm's Law

(32)

The Current I = V/R

(2)

The Voltage V = IR

(1)

The Resistance R = V/I

(1)

Practical Units

(1)

Multiple and Submultiple Units

(1)

The Linear Proportion between V and I

(2)

Electric Power

(4)

Power Dissipation in Resistance

(2)

Power Formulas

(2)

Choosing a Resistor for a Circuit

(3)

Electric Shock

101

(1)

Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Troubles

102

(10)

Summary

104

(8)

Series Circuits

112

(34)

Why / Is the Same in All Parts of a Series Circuit

114

(2)

Total R Equals the Sum of All Series Resistances

116

(2)

Series IR Voltage Drops

118

(2)

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)

120

(1)

Polarity of IR Voltage Drops

121

(2)

Total Power in a Series Circuit

123

(1)

Series-Aiding and Series-Opposing Voltages

124

(1)

Analyzing Series Circuits with Random Unknowns

125

(2)

Ground Connections in Electrical and Electronic Systems

127

(3)

Troubleshooting: Opens and Shorts in Series Circuits

130

(16)

Summary

135

(11)

Parallel Circuits

146

(32)

The Applied Voltage VA Is the Same across Parallel Branches

148

(1)

Each Branch / Equals VA/R

149

(1)

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

150

(3)

Resistances in Parallel

153

(6)

Conductances in Parallel

159

(1)

Total Power in Parallel Circuits

160

(1)

Analyzing Parallel Circuits with Random Unknowns

161

(1)

Troubleshooting: Opens and Shorts in Parallel Circuits

162

(16)

Summary

168

(10)

Series-Parallel Circuits

178

(34)

Finding RT for Series-Parallel Resistances

180

(1)

Resistance Strings in Parallel

181

(2)

Resistance Banks in Series

183

(1)

Resistance Banks and Strings in Series-Parallel

184

(2)

Analyzing Series-Parallel Circuits with Random Unknowns

186

(3)

The Wheatstone Bridge

189

(4)

Troubleshooting: Opens and Shorts in Series-Parallel Circuits

193

(19)

Summary

199

(12)

Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 1 to 6

211

(1)

Voltage Dividers and Current Dividers

212

(24)

Series Voltage Dividers

214

(3)

Current Divider with Two Parallel Resistances

217

(2)

Current Division by Parallel Conductances

219

(1)

Series Voltage Divider with Parallel Load Current

220

(2)

Design of a Loaded Voltage Divider

222

(14)

Summary

225

(11)

Analog and Digital Multimeters

236

(34)

Moving-Coil Meter

238

(2)

Meter Shunts

240

(3)

Voltmeters

243

(4)

Loading Effect of a Voltmeter

247

(2)

Ohmmeters

249

(3)

Multimeters

252

(2)

Digital Multimeter (DMM)

254

(3)

Meter Applications

257

(3)

Checking Continuity with the Ohmmeter

260

(10)

Summary

262

(7)

Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 7 and 8

269

(1)

Kirchhoff's Laws

270

(24)

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

272

(2)

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)

274

(3)

Method of Branch Currents

277

(4)

Node-Voltage Analysis

281

(2)

Method of Mesh Currents

283

(11)

Summary

286

(8)

Network Theorems

294

(32)

Superposition Theorem

296

(1)

Thevenin's Theorem

297

(3)

Thevenizing a Circuit with Two Voltage Sources

300

(2)

Thevenizing a Bridge Circuit

302

(2)

Norton's Theorem

304

(3)

Thevenin-Norton Conversions

307

(2)

Conversion of Voltage and Current Sources

309

(2)

Millman's Theorem

311

(2)

T or Y and π or Δ Connections

313

(13)

Summary

318

(7)

Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 9 and 10

325

(1)

Conductors and Insulators

326

(28)

Function of the Conductor

328

(1)

Standard Wire Gage Sizes

329

(2)

Types of Wire Conductors

331

(2)

Connectors

333

(1)

Printed Wiring

334

(2)

Switches

336

(2)

Fuses

338

(2)

Wire Resistance

340

(3)

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

343

(2)

Ion Current in Liquids and Gases

345

(2)

Insulators

347

(1)

Troubleshooting Hints for Wires and Connectors

348

(6)

Summary

349

(5)

Batteries

354

(34)

Introduction to Batteries

356

(2)

The Voltaic Cell

358

(2)

Common Types of Primary Cells

360

(4)

Lead-Acid Wet Cell

364

(4)

Additional Types of Secondary Cells

368

(3)

Series-Connected and Parallel-Connected Cells

371

(2)

Current Drain Depends on Load Resistance

373

(1)

Internal Resistance of a Generator

374

(3)

Constant-Voltage and Constant-Current Sources

377

(2)

Matching a Load Resistance to the Generator ri

379

(9)

Summary

381

(5)

Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 11 and 12

386

(2)

Magnetism

388

(22)

The Magnetic Field

390

(2)

Magnetic Flux φ

392

(2)

Flux Density B

394

(3)

Induction by the Magnetic Field

397

(1)

Air Gap of a Magnet

398

(2)

Types of Magnets

400

(2)

Ferrites

402

(1)

Magnetic Shielding

402

(1)

The Hall Effect

403

(7)

Summary

404

(6)

Electromagnetism

410

(32)

Ampere-turns of Magnetomotive Force (mmf)

412

(2)

Field Intensity (H)

414

(3)

B-H Magnetization Curve

417

(1)

Magnetic Hysteresis

418

(2)

Magnetic Field Around an Electric Current

420

(3)

Magnetic Polarity of a Coil

423

(1)

Motor Action Between Two Magnetic Fields

424

(3)

Induced Current

427

(2)

Generating an Induced Voltage

429

(4)

Relays

433

(9)

Summary

436

(6)

Alternating Voltage and Current

442

(44)

Alternating Current Applications

444

(1)

Alternating-Voltage Generator

445

(3)

The Sine Wave

448

(2)

Alternating Current

450

(1)

Voltage and Current Values for a Sine Wave

451

(3)

Frequency

454

(2)

Period

456

(1)

Wavelength

457

(3)

Phase Angle

460

(3)

The Time Factor in Frequency and Phase

463

(1)

Alternating Current Circuits with Resistance

464

(3)

Nonsinusoidal AC Waveforms

467

(2)

Harmonic Frequencies

469

(1)

The 60-Hz AC Power Line

469

(3)

Motors and Generators

472

(2)

Three-Phase AC Power

474

(12)

Summary

476

(8)

Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 13 to 15

484

(2)

Capacitance

486

(40)

How Charge Is Stored in a Dielectric

488

(1)

Charging and Discharging a Capacitor

489

(2)

The Farad Unit of Capacitance

491

(5)

Typical Capacitors

496

(4)

Electrolytic Capacitors

500

(3)

Capacitor Coding

503

(6)

Parallel Capacitances

509

(1)

Series Capacitances

510

(1)

Energy Stored in Electrostatic Field of Capacitance

511

(1)

Measuring and Testing Capacitors

512

(4)

Troubles in Capacitors

516

(10)

Summary

518

(8)

Capacitive Reactance

526

(22)

Alternating Current in a Capacitive Circuit

528

(1)

The Amount of XC Equals 1/(2πfC)

529

(4)

Series or Parallel Capacitive Reactances

533

(1)

Ohm's Law Applied to XC

534

(1)

Applications of Capacitive Reactance

535

(1)

Sine-Wave Charge and Discharge Current

536

(12)

Summary

540

(8)

Capacitive Circuits

548

(28)

Sine Wave VC Lags iC by 90°

550

(1)

XC and R in Series

551

(3)

Impedance Z Triangle

554

(2)

RC Phase-Shifter Circuit

556

(1)

XC and R in Parallel

557

(4)

RF and AF Coupling Capacitors

561

(1)

Capacitive Voltage Dividers

562

(2)

The General Case of Capacitive Current iC

564

(12)

Summary

565

(8)

Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 16 to 18

573

(3)

Inductance

576

(46)

Induction by Alternating Current

578

(1)

Self-Inductance L

579

(3)

Self-Induced Voltage VL

582

(2)

How VL Opposes a Change in Current

584

(1)

Mutual Inductance LM

585

(3)

Transformers

588

(6)

Transformer Ratings

594

(4)

Impedance Transformation

598

(4)

Core Losses

602

(1)

Types of Cores

603

(1)

Variable Inductance

604

(1)

Inductances in Series or Parallel

605

(3)

Energy in Magnetic Field of Inductance

608

(1)

Stray Capacitive and Inductive Effects

609

(2)

Measuring and Testing Inductors

611

(11)

Summary

613

(9)

Inductive Reactance

622

(22)

How XL Reduces the Amount of I

624

(1)

XL = 2πfL

625

(4)

Series or Parallel Inductive Reactances

629

(1)

Ohm's Law Applied to XL

630

(1)

Applications of XL for Different Frequencies

631

(1)

Waveshape of VL Induced by Sine-Wave Current

632

(12)

Summary

637

(7)

Inductive Circuits

644

(28)

Sine-Wave iL Lags VL by 90°

646

(1)

XL and R in Series

647

(2)

Impedance Z Triangle

649

(3)

XL and R in Parallel

652

(3)

Q of a Coil

655

(3)

AF and RF Chokes

658

(3)

The General Case of Inductive Voltage

661

(11)

Summary

663

(9)

RC and L/R Time Constants

672

(36)

Response of Resistance Alone

674

(1)

L/R Time Constant

674

(2)

High Voltage Produced by Opening an RL Circuit

676

(2)

RC Time Constant

678

(4)

RC Charge and Discharge Curves

682

(1)

High Current Produced by Short-Circuiting an RC Circuit

683

(1)

RC Waveshapes

684

(2)

Long and Short Time Constants

686

(1)

Charge and Discharge with a Short RC Time Constant

687

(2)

Long Time Constant for an RC Coupling Circuit

689

(2)

Advanced Time Constant Analysis

691

(3)

Comparison of Reactance and Time Constant

694

(14)

Summary

697

(8)

Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 19 to 22

705

(3)

Alternating Current Circuits

708

(28)

AC Circuits with Resistance but No Reactance

710

(1)

Circuits with XL Alone

711

(1)

Circuits with XC Alone

712

(2)

Opposite Reactances Cancel

714

(1)

Series Reactance and Resistance

715

(3)

Parallel Reactance and Resistance

718

(2)

Series-Parallel Reactance and Resistance

720

(1)

Real Power

721

(2)

AC Meters

723

(1)

Wattmeters

724

(1)

Summary of Types of Ohms in AC Circuits

725

(1)

Summary of Types of Phasors in AC Circuits

726

(10)

Summary

728

(8)

Complex Numbers for AC Circuits

736

(32)

Positive and Negative Numbers

738

(1)

The j Operator

738

(2)

Definition of a Complex Number

740

(1)

How Complex Numbers Are Applied to AC Circuits

741

(1)

Impedance in Complex Form

742

(1)

Operations with Complex Numbers

743

(2)

Magnitude and Angle of a Complex Number

745

(2)

Polar Form of Complex Numbers

747

(1)

Converting Polar to Rectangular Form

748

(2)

Complex Numbers in Series AC Circuits

750

(3)

Complex Numbers in Parallel AC Circuits

753

(1)

Combining Two Complex Branch Impedances

754

(2)

Combining Complex Branch Currents

756

(1)

Parallel Circuit with Three Complex Branches

757

(11)

Summary

759

(6)

Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 23 and 24

765

(3)

Resonance

768

(38)

The Resonance Effect

770

(1)

Series Resonance

771

(3)

Parallel Resonance

774

(4)

Resonant Frequency fr = 1/(2π√LC)

778

(4)

Q Magnification Factor of a Resonant Circuit

782

(5)

Bandwidth of Resonant Circuit

787

(3)

Tuning

790

(3)

Mistuning

793

(1)

Analysis of Parallel Resonant Circuits

794

(1)

Damping of Parallel Resonant Circuits

795

(2)

Choosing L and C for a Resonant Circuit

797

(9)

Summary

798

(8)

Filters

806

(46)

Examples of Filtering

808

(1)

Direct Current Combined with Alternating Current

808

(3)

Transformer Coupling

811

(1)

Capacitive Coupling

812

(3)

Bypass Capacitors

815

(3)

Filter Circuits

818

(1)

Low-Pass Filters

819

(1)

High-Pass Filters

820

(2)

Analyzing Filter Circuits

822

(9)

Decibels and Frequency Response Curves

831

(6)

Resonant Filters

837

(3)

Interference Filters

840

(12)

Summary

841

(8)

Cumulative Review Summary Chapters 25 and 26

849

(3)

Diodes and Diode Applications

852

(50)

Semiconductor Materials

854

(3)

The P-N Junction Diode

857

(3)

Volt-Ampere Characteristic Curve

860

(2)

Diode Approximations

862

(4)

Diode Ratings

866

(1)

Rectifier Circuits

867

(18)

Special Diodes

885

(17)

Summary

893

(9)

Bipolar Junction Transistors

902

(34)

Transistor Construction

904

(2)

Proper Transistor Biasing

906

(5)

Transistor Operating Regions

911

(2)

Transistor Ratings

913

(2)

Checking a Transistor with an Ohmmeter

915

(3)

Transistor Biasing Techniques

918

(18)

Summary

930

(6)

Transistor Amplifiers

936

(42)

AC Resistance of a Diode

938

(2)

Small Signal Amplifier Operation

940

(4)

AC Equivalent Circuit of a CE Amplifier

944

(2)

Calculating the Voltage Gain, AV of a CE Amplifier

946

(4)

Calculating the Input and Output Impedances in a CE Amplifier

950

(2)

Common-Collector Amplifier

952

(2)

AC Analysis of an Emitter Follower

954

(6)

Emitter Follower Applications

960

(3)

Common-Base Amplifier

963

(2)

AC Analysis of a Common-Base Amplifier

965

(13)

Summary

970

(8)

Field Effect Transistors

978

(40)

JFETs and Their Characteristics

980

(5)

Biasing Techniques for JFETs

985

(7)

JFET Amplifiers

992

(8)

MOSFETs and Their Characteristics

1000

(5)

MOSFET Biasing Techniques

1005

(3)

Handling MOSFETs

1008

(10)

Summary

1009

(9)

Power Amplifiers

1018

(32)

Classes of Operation

1020

(2)

Class A Amplifiers

1022

(9)

Class B Push-Pull Amplifiers

1031

(6)

Class C Amplifiers

1037

(13)

Summary

1043

(7)

Thyristors

1050

(16)

DIACs

1052

(1)

SCRs and Their Characteristics

1052

(5)

Triacs

1057

(2)

Unijunction Transistors

1059

(7)

Summary

1063

(3)

Operational Amplifiers

1066

Differential Amplifiers

1068

(8)

Operational Amplifiers and Their Characteristics

1076

(7)

Op Amp Circuits with Negative Feedback

1083

(11)

Popular Op Amp Circuits

1094

Summary

1111

Appendix A Electrical Symbols and Abbreviations

(1)

Appendix B Solder and the Soldering Process

(1)

Appendix C Components: Values and Specifications

(1)

Appendix D Component Schematic Symbols

(1)

Appendix E Using the Oscilloscope

(1)

Appendix F Introduction

(1)

Glossary

(1)

Answers Self-Tests

(1)

Answers Odd-Numbered Problems and Critical Thinking Problems

(1)

Credits

(1)

Index

Grob's Basic Electronics

9780072974751

0072974753

Table of Contents

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Grob's Basic Electronics

9780072974751

0072974753

Table of Contents

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